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In a time of flight mass spectrometer, molecule X is ionised using electrospray ionisation.
1. What is the equation for this ionisation?
A X(l) + e– → X+(g) + 2 e–
B X(g) + e– → X+(g) + 2 e–
C X(l) + H+ → XH+(g)
D X(g) + H+ → XH+(g)
(Total 1 mark)
What is the electron configuration of V2+ in the ground state?
2.
A 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3
B 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2
C 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2
D 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2
(Total 1 mark)
3. Which atom has one more proton and two more neutrons than ?
(Total 1 mark)
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Which element has a first ionisation energy lower than that of sulfur?
4.
A Chlorine
B Oxygen
C Phosphorus
D Selenium
(Total 1 mark)
The first seven successive ionisation energies for element Z are shown.
5.
What is element Z?
A Carbon
B Nitrogen
C Silicon
D Phosphorus
(Total 1 mark)
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Which has the electron configuration of a noble gas?
6.
A H+
B O–
C Se2–
D Zn2+
(Total 1 mark)
Which atom has the smallest number of neutrons?
7.
A 3H
B 4He
C 5He
D 4Li
(Total 1 mark)
Which is the electron configuration of an atom with only two unpaired electrons?
8.
A 1s2 2s2 2p3
B 1s2 2s2 2p4
C 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
D 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5
(Total 1 mark)
Which shows the electron configuration of an atom of a transition metal?
9.
A [Ar] 4s23d0
B [Ar] 4s23d8
C [Ar] 4s23d10
D [Ar] 4s23d104p1
(Total 1 mark)
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Which atom has the greatest first ionisation energy?
10.
A H
B He
C Li
D Ne
(Total 1 mark)
In the early twentieth century the apparatus shown in the diagram was used to investigate atomic
11.
structure. When He2+ particles were fired at a thin sheet of gold, most of the particles were
detected at point P.
What conclusion can be drawn from the detection of He2+ particles at point P?
A Gold atoms contain electrons.
B Gold atoms contain protons.
C Gold atoms contain neutrons.
D Gold atoms are mainly empty space.
(Total 1 mark)
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Which statement about time of flight mass spectrometry is correct?
12.
A The current in the detector is proportional to the ion abundance
B Sample particles gain electrons to form positive ions
C Particles are detected in the order of their kinetic energies
D Ions are accelerated by a magnetic field
(Total 1 mark)
Chlorine exists as two isotopes 35Cl and 37Cl in the ratio 3:1
13.
Which statement about peaks in the mass spectrum of Cl2 is correct?
A Peaks at m/z = 70 and 74 in the ratio 3:1
B Peaks at m/z = 70, 72 and 74 in the ratio 9:6:1
C Peaks at m/z = 70, 72 and 74 in the ratio 9:3:1
D Peaks at m/z = 70 and 72 in the ratio 3:1
(Total 1 mark)
Which of these has the highest first ionisation energy?
14.
A Na
B Al
C Si
D Cl
(Total 1 mark)
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Which of these correctly shows the numbers of sub-atomic particles in a 41K+ ion?
15.
Number of Number of Number of
electrons protons neutrons
A 19 19 20
B 18 20 21
C 18 19 22
D 19 18 23
(Total 1 mark)
Bromine exists as two isotopes 79Br and 81Br, which are found in almost equal abundance.
16.
Which of the statements is correct?
The first ionisation energy of 79Br is less than the first ionisation
A
energy of 81Br
B The atomic radius of 79Br is less than the atomic radius of 81Br
The mass spectrum of C3H7Br has two molecular ion peaks at 122
C
and 124
D 79Br is more reactive than 81Br
(Total 1 mark)
Which species has the same number of electrons as the radical •CH 3?
17.
A CH2
B CH3+
C CH3−
D CH4+
(Total 1 mark)
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What are the numbers of neutrons and electrons in the 57Fe2+ ion?
18.
Neutrons Electrons
A 31 24
B 57 24
C 31 26
D 57 28
(Total 1 mark)
What is the electron configuration of Cu2+?
19.
A [Ar]3d94s2
B [Ar]3d104s1
C [Ar]3d9
D [Ar]3d10
(Total 1 mark)
An atom in which the number of protons is greater than the number of neutrons is
20.
A 234U
B 6Li
C 3He
D 2H
(Total 1 mark)
Assuming that chlorine exists as two isotopes, and that hydrogen and carbon exist as one
21. isotope each, how many molecular ion peaks will be shown in the mass spectrum of C4H6Cl4?
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5
(Total 1 mark)
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Which one of the following ionisations requires less energy than the first ionisation energy of
22. oxygen?
A S(g) → S+(g) + e−
B O+(g) → O2+(g) + e−
C N(g) → N+(g) + e−
D F(g) → F+(g) + e−
(Total 1 mark)
Which one of the following is the electronic configuration of an element with a maximum
23. oxidation state of +5?
A 1s2 2s2 2p5
B 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
C 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
D 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 4s2
(Total 1 mark)
In which one of the following pairs is the first ionisation energy of element Y greater than that of
24. element X?
electronic configuration electronic configuration
of element X of element Y
A 1s1 ls2
B 1s2 2s2 ls22s2 2p1
C 1s2 2s22p3 ls22s22p4
D 1s2 2s22p6 ls22s22p6 3s1
(Total 1 mark)
Which atom has an incomplete sub-shell?
25.
A Be
B Ca
C Ge
D Zn
(Total 1 mark)
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Which statement about isotopes of an element is not correct?
26.
A They have the same chemical properties.
B They have the same number of electrons in ions of the same
charge.
C They have the same number of neutrons.
D They have the same number of protons.
(Total 1 mark)
Which atom in the ground state contains at least one unpaired p electron?
27.
A Na
B Ne
C O
D Sc
(Total 1 mark)
Which ionisation needs less energy than this process?
28.
Mg(g) → Mg+(g) + e–
A Al(g) → Al+(g) + e–
B Ar(g) → Ar+(g) + e–
C Be(g) → Be+(g) + e–
D Mg+(g) → Mg2+(g) + e–
(Total 1 mark)
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Which of these ions has the largest ionic radius?
29.
A S2–
B Cl–
C K+
D Ca2+
(Total 1 mark)
In which pair is the first ionisation energy of atom Y greater than that of atom X?
30.
Electron Electron
configuration of configuration of
atom X atom Y
A 1s22s2 1s22s22p1
B 1s22s22p3 1s22s22p4
C 1s22s22p5 1s22s22p6
D 1s22s22p6 1s22s22p63s1
(Total 1 mark)
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