GOVERNMENT POLYTECNIC, DEORIA

(UTTAR PRADESH - 274001)

A Project report on
”ZERO ENERGY BUILDING”
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of
Diploma In Civil Engineering
Session : 2022-25

Submitted to :- Guide Teachers :-

Mr.Rajneesh kumar Mr.Rishikesh kumar
(Head of Department of civil Engineering) Mr. Sajjad Ahmed

Submitted by :-
Akhil kumar Gupta (E22440932200064)
Lalmendra Bind (E22440932200052)
Krishnanand Yadav (E22440932200066)
Abhishek Prasad Yadav (E22440932200045)
Sangam Bhaskar (E22440932200037)

Department of Civil Engineering

BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION , UTTAR PRADESH

1
 Content
Page no

1. Introduction……………………..…………………...……………………..4

2. Objectives………………………………………….………………….……6

3. Scope of the Project………………………….……………………………..7

4. Methodology…………………………………….….………………………9

5. System Requirements ………………………………………..……………11

6. Expected Outcomes………………………………………..………………12

7. Conclusion………………………………………………..………………..13

8. References ………………………………………………..………………..14

2
 SYNOPSIS
ON
“ZERO ENERGY BUILDING”

3
 INRODUCTION

A Zero Energy Building (ZEB) is a highly energy-efficient building that produces as much
energy as it consumes over a year, primarily through renewable energy sources like solar,
wind, or geothermal power. These buildings are designed to minimize energy demand and
maximize energy generation, contributing to sustainability and reducing carbon footprints.

A Zero Energy building also known as a Net Zero-Energy (NZE) building, is

a building with net zero energy consumption, meaning the total amount of energy used by the
building on an annual basis is equal to the amount of renewable energy created on the site or
in other definitions by renewable energy sources offsite, using technology such as heat
pumps, high efficiency windows and insulation, and solar panels.

The goal is that these buildings contribute less overall greenhouse gas to
the atmosphere during operation than similar non-ZNE buildings. They do at times consume
non-renewable energy and produce greenhouse gases, but at other times reduce energy
consumption and greenhouse gas production elsewhere by the same amount. The
development of zero-energy buildings is encouraged by the desire to have less of an impact
on the environment, and their expansion is encouraged by tax breaks and savings on energy
costs which make zero-energy buildings financially viable.

Terminology tends to vary between countries, agencies, cities, towns, and reports, so a
general knowledge of this concept and its various uses is essential for a versatile
understanding of clean energy and renewables.The International Energy Agency (IEA)
and European Union (EU) most commonly use "Net Zero Energy", with the term "zero net"
being mainly used in the US. A similar concept approved and implemented by the European
Union and other agreeing countries is nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB), with the goal of
having all new buildings in the region under nZEB standards by 2020.

4
 Key Features of Zero Energy Buildings

I. Energy Efficiency
Uses advanced insulation, energy-efficient appliances, and smart building technologies to
minimize energy consumption.

II. Renewable Energy Integration: Incorporates solar panels, wind turbines, or

geothermal energy to generate power.

III. Passive Design Strategies: Maximizes natural lighting, ventilation, and shading to
reduce artificial energy demand.

IV. Smart Energy Management: Employs automated systems for monitoring and
optimizing energy use.

V. Sustainability and Environmental Benefits: Reduces greenhouse gas emissions,

lowers dependency on fossil fuels, and promotes green building practices.

5
 OBJECTIVE

1. Energy Efficiency:
Reduce energy demand through efficient building design, insulation, and energy-saving
appliances.
Optimize heating, cooling, lighting, and ventilation systems to minimize energy use.

2. Renewable Energy Generation:

Utilize on-site renewable energy sources such as solar panels, wind turbines, or geothermal
energy.
Reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources.

3. Sustainability & Environmental Impact:

Reduce carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions.
Promote the use of eco-friendly construction materials and sustainable practices.

4. Cost Savings & Economic Benefits:

Lower operational costs through energy savings over the building’s lifespan.
Provide long-term financial benefits through reduced energy bills.

5. Enhanced Comfort & Indoor Air Quality:

Maintain optimal indoor temperature, air quality, and lighting conditions.
Use smart building technologies to improve occupant comfort and health.

6. Smart Technology Integration:

Implement energy management systems, IoT-based monitoring, and automation to optimize
energy use.
Use energy-efficient lighting, HVAC systems, and appliances.

7. Resilience & Energy Independence:

Reduce dependence on external power grids by generating self-sufficient energy.
Provide backup energy solutions for power outages and emergencies.

8. Compliance with Green Building Standards:

Align with international sustainability certifications like LEED, BREEAM, or India’s
GRIHA.
Support government policies and incentives for energy-efficient buildings.

6
 SCOPE OF PROJECT
The scope of a Zero Energy Building (ZEB) project involves designing, constructing, and
operating a building that produces as much energy as it consumes over a given period,
usually a year. The scope varies depending on project objectives, budget, and location but
generally includes the following aspects:

1. Design & Planning

Site Selection: Optimal orientation for solar gain and wind flow.
Building Envelope: High-performance insulation, airtightness, and thermal mass for energy
efficiency.
Architectural Design: Passive design strategies like natural ventilation, daylighting, and
shading.
Building Materials: Use of sustainable, low-energy, and recycled materials.

2. Energy Efficiency Strategies

Efficient HVAC Systems: High-efficiency heat pumps, geothermal heating, and smart
climate control.
Energy-efficient Lighting: LED lighting and daylight harvesting techniques.
Smart Appliances: Low-energy-consuming equipment and IoT-based automation.

3. Renewable Energy Integration

Solar Panels: Photovoltaic (PV) panels to generate electricity.
Wind Turbines: If feasible, small-scale wind energy.
Geothermal Energy: For heating and cooling.
Energy Storage Systems: Batteries or thermal energy storage for energy reliability.

4. Water & Waste Management

Rainwater Harvesting: For irrigation and greywater systems.
Waste Recycling & Reduction: Sustainable waste management strategies.
Efficient Plumbing Fixtures: Low-flow toilets, faucets, and water heaters.

5. Smart Building Technologies

Building Management Systems (BMS): AI-driven energy monitoring and optimization.
IoT Sensors: Real-time tracking of temperature, occupancy, and energy use.
Automated Controls: Smart thermostats, adaptive lighting, and automated shading.

6. Compliance & Certifications

Green Building Certifications: LEED, BREEAM, or Passive House standards.
Local Building Codes & Regulations: Compliance with government ZEB policies.

7. Cost & Financial Planning

Initial Investment & ROI Analysis: Budgeting for construction and long-term savings.
Incentives & Subsidies: Utilizing government grants and tax benefits.

8. Performance Monitoring & Maintenance

Energy Audits: Regular assessment of energy production and consumption.
System Maintenance: Ensuring optimal performance of solar panels, HVAC, and insulation.

7
Potential Applications

 Residential homes

 Commercial buildings

 Educational institutions

 Industrial facilities

 Public infrastructure (e.g., hospitals, government offices)

8
 METHODOLOGY

Step 1: Site Selection and Climate Analysis

Assess location-specific factors like solar radiation, wind patterns, and temperature
variations.

Step 2: Energy Demand Estimation

Conduct an energy audit of similar buildings to estimate energy consumption.
Use simulation tools like EnergyPlus or eQUEST to model energy use.
Optimize building layout for passive design strategies.

Step 3: Passive Design Strategies

Building Orientation: Optimize for daylighting and natural ventilation.
Insulation and Envelope Design: High-performance walls, roofs, and windows to reduce heat
transfer.
Shading Devices: Use overhangs, louvers, and vegetation for heat control.
Natural Ventilation: Optimize airflow to reduce mechanical cooling needs.

Step 4: High-Efficiency Building Systems

Lighting: Use LED fixtures with automated controls.
HVAC: Deploy energy-efficient heating, cooling, and ventilation systems.
Appliances: Install Energy Star-rated or equivalent high-efficiency appliances.

Step 5: Renewable Energy Integration

Solar PV Systems: Size and install photovoltaic panels to offset energy consumption.
Wind Turbines: If applicable, integrate small wind turbines for additional power.
Geothermal & Biomass: Explore alternative renewable energy sources if feasible.

Step 6: Smart Energy Management

Energy Monitoring Systems: Implement sensors and IoT-based real-time monitoring.
Battery Storage: Use energy storage to balance demand and supply fluctuations.
Grid Interaction: Establish net metering or microgrid connection for energy balance.

Step 7: Water and Waste Management

Rainwater Harvesting: Collect and reuse rainwater.

9
Greywater Recycling: Treat and reuse wastewater for landscaping and flushing.
Waste Reduction: Implement composting and recycling strategies.

Step 8: Performance Evaluation and Optimization

Conduct post-occupancy energy performance tests.
Compare actual vs. predicted energy consumption and make adjustments.
Maintain and update systems for long-term efficiency.

10
 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Zero Energy Building (ZEB) is designed to produce as much energy as it consumes over a
year. The system requirements for a ZEB project can be categorized into several key areas:

1. Architectural Design Requirements

Passive Design Strategies: Proper orientation, shading, natural ventilation, and daylighting.
High-Performance Building Envelope: Insulated walls, roofs, and floors with low U-values.
Energy-Efficient Windows & Doors: Triple glazing, low-E coatings, and airtight sealing.
Building Management System (BMS): Smart controls for lighting, HVAC, and other energy
systems.

2. Energy Generation Systems

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System: Primary renewable energy source for on-site electricity.
Wind Turbines (if applicable): Supplementary renewable energy.
Solar Thermal Systems: For water heating.
Geothermal Systems: For heating and cooling.

3. Energy Storage & Backup Systems

Battery Storage: Lithium-ion or other advanced energy storage systems.
Grid Connection: Net metering to balance energy supply and demand.
Backup Generators (if required for critical loads).

4. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) Systems

Energy-Efficient Heat Pumps: Ground-source or air-source heat pumps.
Heat Recovery Ventilation (HRV) / Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV): Reduces heating
and cooling loads.
Radiant Heating & Cooling Systems: Improves efficiency.

5. Lighting & Electrical Systems

LED Lighting: Energy-efficient and long-lasting.
Occupancy & Daylight Sensors: Automates lighting based on need.
Smart Energy Management: Automated systems for load management.

6. Water & Waste Management

Rainwater Harvesting: Reduces water demand.
Greywater Recycling: Reuses water for irrigation and flushing.
Low-Flow Fixtures: Reduces water usage.

7. Smart Monitoring & Automation

IoT-based Smart Sensors: Monitors temperature, humidity, occupancy, and energy usage.
Building Energy Management System (BEMS): Optimizes performance.
Automated Demand Response (ADR): Manages peak loads effectively.

8. Compliance & Certifications

LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design)
Passive House Certification
BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method)
National and Local Energy Codes

11
 EXPECTED OUTCOME
A Zero Energy Building (ZEB) is designed to produce as much energy as it consumes over a
specific period, typically a year. The expected outcomes of ZEBs include:

1. Energy Efficiency & Sustainability

Reduced Energy Consumption: Optimized insulation, high-efficiency HVAC systems, and
smart energy management reduce energy demand.
On-site Renewable Energy Generation: Solar panels, wind turbines, or geothermal systems
provide clean energy.

2. Environmental Benefits
Lower Carbon Footprint: Reduced reliance on fossil fuels leads to lower greenhouse gas
emissions.
Sustainable Resource Use: Efficient water and material use decrease environmental impact.

3. Economic Benefits
Lower Energy Costs: Over time, reduced utility bills offset the initial investment in energy-
efficient systems.
Government Incentives: Many regions offer tax credits, rebates, and grants for ZEB
construction.
Higher Property Value: Energy-efficient buildings often have increased market value and
demand.

4. Improved Comfort & Health

Better Indoor Air Quality: Advanced ventilation systems minimize pollutants and allergens.
Consistent Indoor Temperature: High-performance insulation and passive design enhance
thermal comfort.
Natural Lighting: Strategic window placement reduces the need for artificial lighting,
improving well-being.

5. Resilience & Energy Independence

Grid Stability: Reducing demand on the power grid helps prevent outages and load shedding.
Energy Security: On-site renewable energy reduces dependence on external energy sources.
ZEBs represent a significant step toward sustainable development, offering long-term
economic and environmental benefits.

12
 CONCLUSION

A Zero Energy Building (ZEB) is an energy-efficient structure that generates as much energy
as it consumes over a year, typically through renewable sources like solar or wind.

Zero Energy Buildings play a crucial role in reducing carbon footprints, lowering energy
costs, and promoting sustainability. They offer long-term environmental and financial
benefits but require careful planning, efficient design, and advanced technology integration.
While initial costs may be higher, the long-term savings and environmental impact make
them a viable and necessary step toward a sustainable future. As technology improves and
policies support energy-efficient construction, ZEBs will become more widespread,
contributing significantly to global energy conservation efforts.

13
 REFERANCE
A Zero Energy Building (ZEB), also known as a Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB), is a
building that produces as much energy as it consumes over a year through energy-efficient
design and renewable energy generation. Here are some key references for understanding and
designing ZEBs:

1. Standards & Guidelines

ASHRAE Standard 90.1 – Defines energy efficiency requirements for commercial buildings.
ISO 52000-1 – Provides a framework for evaluating building energy performance.
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) – Zero Energy Ready Home – A program for residential
buildings.
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) Net Zero Energy Buildings – Guidelines specific to
India.
European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) – Regulations for nearly zero-
energy buildings in the EU.

2. Books & Research Papers

Torcellini, P., Pless, S., & Deru, M. (2006). Zero Energy Buildings: A Critical Look at the
Definition – NREL Report.
Kolokotsa, D., Rovas, D., Kosmatopoulos, E., & Kalaitzakis, K. (2011). A roadmap towards
intelligent net zero- and positive-energy buildings – Elsevier.
Marszal, A. J., et al. (2011). Zero Energy Building – A review of definitions and calculation
methodologies – Energy and Buildings Journal.

3. Real-World Examples
Bullitt Center (Seattle, USA) – One of the greenest commercial buildings in the world.
Indira Paryavaran Bhawan (India) – The first net-zero energy building in India.
The Edge (Amsterdam, Netherlands) – A smart office building with high energy efficiency.
Solar Decathlon Houses – U.S. DOE's student competition showcasing ZEB designs

14