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Basic Concept

Surveying can be classified based on the instruments used, including Chain/Tape Survey, Compass Survey, Plane Table Survey, Leveling, and Theodolite Survey. Each method has its specific applications, advantages, and limitations, such as the simplicity of chain surveys for small areas and the precision of theodolite surveys for establishing controls. The document outlines the methods and types of instruments used in each surveying technique.

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13 views1 page

Basic Concept

Surveying can be classified based on the instruments used, including Chain/Tape Survey, Compass Survey, Plane Table Survey, Leveling, and Theodolite Survey. Each method has its specific applications, advantages, and limitations, such as the simplicity of chain surveys for small areas and the precision of theodolite surveys for establishing controls. The document outlines the methods and types of instruments used in each surveying technique.

Uploaded by

arishanabila7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BASIC CONCEPT

Surveying can be classified based on various criteria. One of them is based on the instruments
used.

Classification based on instrument used:

- Chain/Tape Survey : A very old and the simplest method of surveying. In the chain
survey, only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work done in the
office. No angular measurements are made as only linear measurements are made.
It is suitable if the area to be surveyed is small or the area is open.

- Compass Survey : Important branch of surveying which is usually adopted in determining


the position of an object both by angular and linear measurements. Horizontal angular
measurements are made using the magnetic compass with the linear
measurements made using the chain or tape. If there is a large area to be
surveyed , it is one of compass survey priorities. But it is not recommended to be
used for areas that have the presence of electric cables conveying current. Types of
compass used are magnetic compass, GPS compass, gyro compass and astro
compass.

- Plane table survey : One of the fastest and easiest methods of surveying as it is a
quick survey carried out in the field with the measurements and drawings made at
the same time by a plane table. It’s best fitted for small scale surveying. Methods
for plane table survey are radiation, intersection, traversing method and resection
method.

- Leveling : The measurement and mapping of the relative heights of points on the
earth’s surface showing them in maps, plane and charts as vertical sections or with
conventional symbols. Methods of levelling are simple levelling, differential
levelling, profile levelling, cross levelling, reciprocal levelling, precise levelling,
check levelling and fly levelling. One of levelling error is collimation error.

- Theodolite Survey : In order to establish controls theodolite survey takes vertical


and horizontal angles. Theodolite is a very precise instrument, mainly used for
determining the horizontal and vertical distances between two points. Types of
theodolites are transit theodolite and non-transit theodolite.

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