Finite
Mathematics 2
Let’s perform this
Activity!
(by group)
Group Activity
Group Alpha Group Beta
Suppose there are 20 math
There are 2 vegetarian main
majors and 10 physics majors in
course options and 5 meat main
a class. Also, in this class, 5 are
course options on a dinner menu.
both math and physics majors.
What is the total number of main
How many students are in the
course options?
class?
Group Activity
Group Gamma Group Delta
A coin is tossed and a die is A person has 3 shirts and 2 pairs
rolled. Find the number of of pants to choose from. How
outcomes for the sequence of many different shirt-and-pant
events. combinations are possible?
The Fundamental
Counting Principle
Finite Mathematics 2
The Addition Principle
Definition:
If an event 𝐴 can occur in 𝑚 ways and another event 𝐵 can occur in 𝑛
ways, and these events cannot happen at the same time, then the
number of ways either 𝐴 or 𝐵 can happen is 𝒎 + 𝒏 ways.
When to Use:
Use the addition principle when you are choosing one option from
two or more distinct sets, and the sets do not overlap.
Note:
If the sets overlap, subtract the common elements.
The Addition Principle
Example 1:
There are 2 vegetarian main course options and 5 meat main course
options on a dinner menu. What is the total number of main course
options?
Example 2:
Suppose there are 20 math majors and 10 physics majors in a class.
Also, in this class, 5 are both math and physics majors. How many
students are in the class?
The Addition Principle
Example 3:
A student chooses 1 science class from 5 options or 1 arts class from
4 options, but 1 class is listed under both. How many unique options
are available?
The Multiplication Principle
Definition:
In a sequence of 𝑛 events in which the first one has 𝑘1 possibilities and
the second event has 𝑘2 and the third has 𝑘3 , and so forth, the total
number of possibilities of the sequence will be 𝑘1 ⋅ 𝑘2 ⋅ 𝑘3 ⋅ … ⋅ 𝑘𝑛 .
When to Use:
Use the multiplication principle when making a series of choices or
performing tasks in sequence, where each choice is independent of
the others.
The Multiplication Principle
Example 4:
A coin is tossed and a die is rolled. Find the number of outcomes for
the sequence of events.
Example 5:
A person has 3 shirts and 2 pairs of pants to choose from. How many
different shirt-and-pant combinations are possible?
The Multiplication Principle
Example 6:
There are four blood types, A, B, AB, and O. Blood can also be Rh+
and Rh-. Finally, a blood donor can be classified as either male or
female. How many different ways can a donor have his or her blood
labeled?
Example 7:
A cafeteria offers 3 choices for the main dish and 2 choices for drinks.
A customer may either choose one main dish and one drink or just a
drink. How many total possible combinations can a customer make?
Let’s
Practice
More!
Seatwork
Solve the following problems.
Problem 1:
A paint manufacturer wishes to manufacture several different paints.
The categories include
Color : red, blue, white, black, green, brown, yellow
Type : latex, oil
Texture: flat, semigloss, high gloss
Use : outdoor, indoor
How many different kinds of paint can be made if you can select one
color, one type, one texture, and one use?
Seatwork
Problem 2:
A department store manager is creating four-digit identification cards
for employees using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
a. How many different ID cards can be created if digits may be
repeated?
b. How many different ID cards can be created if no digit is
repeated?
Note:
If repetitions are permitted, then the numbers stay the same going from left to
right. If repetitions are not permitted, then the numbers decrease by 1 for each
place left to right.
Seatwork
Problem 3:
How many 5-digit zip codes are possible
a. if digits can be repeated?
b. if there cannot be repetitions?
Problem 4:
Three bands and two comics are performing for a student talent show.
a. How many different programs (in terms of order) can be arranged?
b. How many if the comics must perform between bands?
