✅ SECTION – A (1 mark each)

Choose the correct option:

1. Which of the following is an example of an autotrophic organism?

a) Dog b) Human c) Sunflower d) Fungus

2. What is the main function of the circulatory system?

a) Exchange of gases b) Transportation of nutrients and waste
products
c) Regulation of body temperature d) Protection against
diseases

3. Which of the following is an example of an involuntary muscle?

a) Biceps b) Quadriceps c) Heart d) Hamstring

4. The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires:

a) Carbon dioxide and water b) Chlorophyll
c) Sunlight d) All of the above

5. The mode of nutrition found in fungi is:

a) Parasitic nutrition b) Holozoic nutrition
c) Autotrophic nutrition d) Saprotrophic nutrition

6. When a plane mirror is rotated through a certain angle, the reflected

ray turns through twice as much and the size of the image:
a) Is doubled b) Is halved c) Becomes infinite d) Remains
the same

7. Which statement is true for the reflection of light?

a) The angle of incidence and reflection are equal
b) The reflected light is less bright than the incident light
c) The sum of angle of incidence and reflection is always > 90°
d) The incident beams diverge after reflection

8. The focal length of a plane mirror is:

a) 0 b) Infinite c) 25 cm d) –25 cm

9. Image formed by a convex mirror is:

a) Virtual b) Real c) Enlarged d) Inverted

10. The image shows a concave mirror. Where will reflected rays
meet for image formation?
a) Behind the mirror b) Between F and O
c) Between C and F d) Beyond C

11. Which is true about reflection of light?

a) Angle of incidence > angle of reflection
b) Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
 c) Angle of incidence < angle of reflection
d) Angles are not related

12. The unit of power of a lens is:

a) Dioptre b) Metre c) Watt d) Joule

🔄 Assertion and Reason Type Questions (Q13–16):

Choose:
(a) Both A and R are true and R explains A
(b) Both A and R are true but R doesn’t explain A
(c) A is true, R is false
(d) A is false, R is true

13. A: Chemical reactions change chemical composition of

substances.
R: Chemical reactions change physical state.

14. A: Balancing equations obeys law of conservation of mass.

R: It ensures atoms of each element are equal on both sides.

15. A: Catalyst lowers activation energy.

R: Catalyst offers alternate path with lower activation energy.

16. A: H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O is balanced.

R: Number of atoms of each element is same on both sides.

🧪 SECTION – B (Answer any 6, 2 marks each)

1. Write chemical name and formula of brown gas produced during

thermal decomposition of lead nitrate.

2. Write balanced chemical equation:

(a) Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride

3. Lead + Copper chloride → Lead chloride + Copper

What are the characteristics of the particles of matter?

4. Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

5. What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?

6. List four characteristics of images formed by plane mirrors.

7. Draw ray diagrams for the following:

(a) Ray passing through the center of curvature of a concave
mirror
(b) Ray incident on a convex mirror (as shown); mark angles.
📚 SECTION – C (Answer any 2, 4 marks each)

1. Lead nitrate + Potassium iodide → PbI₂ + KNO₃

(a) Write name and colour of precipitate.
(b) Write balanced chemical equation.
(c) Name and justify type of reaction.

2. Describe structure and function of nephron with diagram.

3. State laws of refraction. Define absolute refractive index and give

expression with speed of light in vacuum.

🔍 SECTION – D: Case-Based Question (4 marks)

Read and answer:

Shyam saw a person’s image sitting on a plate with a curved surface,
noticed their phone drop, and alerted them.

Answer the following:

1. From which side of the plate did Shyam observe the incident?
a) Outward curved b) Inward curved c) Plane surface d) Mirror

2. That part of the plate acted like:

a) Concave mirror b) Convex mirror c) Plane mirror d) Lens

3. Nature of image formed:

a) Real, inverted and magnified
b) Same size, laterally inverted
c) Virtual, erect and diminished
d) Real, inverted and diminished

4. What is the magnification of an image formed by a plane mirror?

✅ SECTION – A (1 mark each)

1. (c) Sunflower

2. (b) Transportation of nutrients and waste products

3. (c) Heart

4. (d) All of the above

5. (d) Saprotrophic nutrition

6. (d) Remains the same

7. (a) The angle of incidence and reflection are equal

8. (b) Infinite

9. (a) Virtual

10. (c) Between C and F

11. (b) The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of

reflection

12. (a) Dioptre

Assertion and Reason (Q13–16):

13. (c) A is true, R is false

14. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation

15. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation

16. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation

🧪 SECTION – B (2 marks each)

(Answer any 6. Here's the answer key for all 7.)

1. Chemical name of brown gas: Nitrogen dioxide

Formula: NO₂

2. Balanced Equation:
H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl
 3. Characteristics of particles of matter:

o Particles are very small.

o Particles have space between them.

o Particles are constantly moving.

o Particles attract each other.

4. Difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration:

o Aerobic: Occurs in presence of oxygen; end products are CO₂

and H₂O; more energy produced.

o Anaerobic: Occurs in absence of oxygen; end products can

be alcohol or lactic acid; less energy.

5. Role of saliva:

o Saliva contains salivary amylase which breaks down starch

into sugar.

o It helps in moistening food and making swallowing easier.

6. Characteristics of plane mirror images:

o Virtual

o Erect

o Same size as object

o Laterally inverted

7. Ray diagrams:
a) Concave mirror – ray through centre reflects back on same path
b) Convex mirror – draw incident and reflected rays with angle of
incidence = angle of reflection

📚 SECTION – C (4 marks each)

(Answer any 2)

1. (a) Name of precipitate: Lead iodide (PbI₂)

Colour: Yellow
(b) Balanced Equation: Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2KI → PbI₂ ↓ + 2KNO₃
(c) Type: Double displacement reaction (precipitation reaction)

2.
 o Draw nephron: show Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, PCT,
Loop of Henle, DCT, Collecting duct

o Function: Filtration, reabsorption, secretion – forms urine

3.

o Laws of Refraction:

1. Incident ray, refracted ray and normal lie on the same

plane

2. Snell’s Law: n = sin i / sin r

o Absolute refractive index: n = c / v

where c = speed of light in vacuum, v = speed in medium

🔍 SECTION – D: Case-Based (4 marks)

1. (b) Inward curved

2. (a) Concave mirror

3. (a) Real, inverted and magnified

4. 1 (Magnification by plane mirror is always 1)