“SMART HYDROPONICS AND AQUAPONICS SYSTEM: AN IOT-ENABLED MOBILE APP

FOR AUTOMATED PLANT AND FISH FARMING”

A Project Proposal

Presented to the Faculty of Pangasinan State University – Lingayen Campus

Lingayen, Pangasinan

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

System Analysis and Design 101

Prepared by:

Frianeza, Maribel F.

Laroya, Heart C.

Pavo, Paul Vincent M.

Rodolfo, Shaira Mae

Sangalang, Ian Geofrey

May 2025

Introduction
Background of the Study

In the agricultural sector, land for farming is shrinking due to urbanization,

leading to lower crop yields and income. The fishing industry also faces challenges

such as unpredictable weather, typhoons, and climate change. These conditions

make it harder for fishermen to maintain consistent fish catches. Increased

frequency of extreme droughts and floods threatens agricultural stability and food

security, while rising water temperatures disrupt aquatic ecosystems through

species migration and habitat loss (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

[IPCC], 2023, p. 12). These issues put food security at risk and make it harder for

families to survive. This presents a crucial need for a sustainable solution.

Hydroponics and Aquaponics Systems present an opportunity to turn things

around. Hydroponics is a method of cultivating plants in a nutrient-rich water

solution using inert substrates such as gravel, vermiculite, or coconut coir, allowing

for efficient use of resources and controlled growing conditions (Biology Online,

2023). Aquaponics, on the other hand, combines hydroponic plant cultivation with

aquaculture, using natural bacterial processes to convert fish waste into nutrients

for plants while the plants help filter and clean the water for the fish (Okomoda et

al., 2023).

Hydroponics and aquaponics offer significant advantages for sustainable

agriculture. Hydroponics enables faster plant growth, higher yields, and efficient

water use by delivering nutrients directly to plants in a soil-less system, making it

ideal for urban and arid environments (Bista & Tamang, 2024). Aquaponics

combines hydroponics with aquaculture, creating a symbiotic system where fish

waste nourishes plants while plants purify water for fish, eliminating the need for
synthetic fertilizers and maximizing resource efficiency (Bista & Tamang, 2024).

Both systems support year-round production, reduce pesticide use, and can operate

in non-arable areas, addressing key challenges in food security and environmental

sustainability.

Despite these benefits, many of these systems require regular manual

monitoring, which can be difficult for small-scale users. Without access to tools that

provide real-time feedback and automated control, problems like poor water quality

or nutrient imbalance can reduce productivity.

The fishing industry is one of the most dominant sectors here in the

Philippines. There are many fishermen who rely on fishing as their source of income.

Fishermen are often left out of technological advancements, making it harder for

them to find safer and more reliable ways to earn a living. That is why fishermen

tend to stick to traditional ways of catching fish and then selling them for profit.

However, this work is often dangerous, physically demanding, and does not always

provide stable income. In fact, according to the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic

Resources, fisherfolk remain a relatively poor community, partially due to declining

catches, with average daily income decreasing from the equivalent of 20 kg of fish

in the 1970s to 2 kg in 2000 (Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, 2022).

In response to these challenges, the development of a “Smart Hydroponics

and Aquaponics System: An IoT-Enabled Mobile App for Automated Plant and Fish

Farming” is proposed. This system is especially helpful for fishermen who have

limited knowledge of farming and technology. Most of them have never tried

aquaponics or hydroponics, making the design’s simplicity and training support

essential. The integration of this smart technology will bridge the gap between
sustainability and accessibility, helping small-scale farmers and fisherfolk improve

their livelihoods through modern, automated systems. Instead of going out to sea

and spending all day catching fish, a smart hydroponics and aquaponics system

offer these fishermen an alternative source of income that is both safe and secure.

Through this system, they can grow fish and vegetables in a controlled environment

close to home. By using Internet of Things (IoT) technology and a mobile app, users

can monitor and manage water quality, temperature, and other conditions in real

time. This system is especially helpful for those who want to shift to land-based,

tech-supported food production. This system is made to address issues and provide

fishermen with a better alternative, a secured source of income, and a safe and

simple working environment away from harm.

Note: This study focuses on the conceptual design and analysis of the Smart

Hydroponics and Aquaponics System. It does not include physical implementation

but outlines possible strategies for future deployment.

Problem Statement

This study focuses on designing and analyzing a Smart Hydroponics and

Aquaponics System that uses IoT technology and a mobile application to help

automate the care of fish and plants. It explores how such a system can support

small-scale fishermen by providing an alternative source of income that is safer and

more stable than traditional fishing.

Specifically, this study will answer the following questions:

1. What problems do fishermen face with their current way of earning a living?

2. What features should a smart hydroponics and aquaponics system include to

help address these problems?

 3. How can the system be designed to be simple, efficient, and suited for

fishermen with limited experience in technology?

4. What possible benefits can the system offer in terms of safety, productivity,

and income?

Statement of Objectives

The main goal of this study is to design a detailed plan for a smart

hydroponics and aquaponics system that could help fishermen grow fish and

vegetables more easily using technology.

Specifically, the study aims:

1. To find out the common problems that fishermen face in their current work.

2. To identify the important parts and features that the smart farming system

should have.

3. To design a mobile app and system setup that fishermen can use with little

training.

4. To understand how this kind of system could help improve the daily lives and

income of fishermen.

5. To determine which system features are considered most helpful by

fishermen with limited technological knowledge, such as user-friendly mobile

interfaces or visual health indicators.

Significance of the Study

This research is important as it explores the potential of smart agricultural

systems to transform traditional livelihoods through innovation and automation. The

findings and proposed design can serve as a foundation for future development or

implementation of similar systems.

To Fishermen and Farmers. The system design is guided by the realities and

needs of small-scale producers. It proposes a safer, more efficient, and potentially

income-generating alternative to traditional fishing and farming practices.

To the Community. By highlighting the possibilities of smart farming technology in

underserved communities, this study contributes to broader efforts in sustainable

agriculture, food security, and inclusive digital innovation.

To the Researchers. This study enhances the researchers' skills in system

analysis, user-centered design, and the integration of modern technologies such as

IoT and mobile applications in agricultural contexts.

To Future Researchers. The documented findings and designs may serve as a

reference or basis for further system development, testing, or actual deployment in

future studies that wish to build on this research.

Scope and Limitations

Scope:

a) Integration of IoT sensors (pH, temperature, humidity, water level, nutrient

levels).

b) A mobile application for real-time monitoring and system control.

c) Automated alerts for critical conditions.

d) Historical data storage and visualization for decision support.

 e) Target users include small fisherfolk cooperatives from Sual, Pangasinan.

Limitations:

a) This project is only for gathering and analyzing data and does not include

physical implementation.

b) Internet connectivity is required for remote monitoring and control.

c) The system is designed for small to medium-scale setups and may not yet

support industrial-level farming.

d) Initial hardware investment may be a barrier for some communities.

e) Weather-related factors or power interruptions may affect data transmission

and system operations.

Feasibility Study

Technical Feasibility

The proposed system integrates IoT technology with mobile application

development to automate plant and fish farming. The IoT system will use sensors

(e.g., pH, temperature, water level) connected to microcontrollers (like Arduino or

ESP32) to monitor environmental conditions. The mobile app will allow users to view

a real-time data and receive alerts.

Hardware Components:

 pH sensor, temperature sensor, water level sensor

 Arduino/ESP32 microcontroller

 Wi-Fi module

 Power supply and relays for actuating water pumps/lights

Software Components:

 Mobile App: Developed using Flutter or React Native

 Backend: Firebase or Node.js

 Database: Firebase Realtime DB

 IoT Firmware: Arduino IDE (C/C++)

All components and technologies that are in the needed components are ready,

available, and affordable. Therefore, the system is technically feasible.

Operational Feasibility

In traditional aquaculture, fishermen manually monitor water parameters,

feed fish, and regulate water flow, which can be time-consuming and prone to error.

With the implementation of an IoT-enabled system, essential functions such as fish

feeding, oxygenation, pH and temperature monitoring, and water circulation are

automated. This allows fisherfolk to focus more on decision-making and post-

harvest activities, increasing operational efficiency (Ullah et al., 2021).

Adaptability is another important factor. The system is designed to be user-

friendly and does not require advanced technical skills. Basic training and

instructional materials will be provided to users to ensure smooth adoption. Studies

have shown that when fishermen are provided with easy-to-understand digital tools

and adequate support, technology adoption rates significantly increase (Rahman &

Lu, 2020).

The survey shows that all respondents are experienced fishermen, having

worked in the industry for more than five years. However, only a few have tried fish
or plant farming using tanks or ponds, indicating limited familiarity with controlled

farming methods.

Despite this, most respondents expressed interest in learning about

aquaponics and hydroponics, suggesting a willingness to explore new agricultural

practices. Additionally, since all the respondents own smartphones, they can easily

access the system’s mobile-based monitoring features, reducing technology

adoption barriers.

The system aims to reduce manual labor while improving income stability.

Survey results indicate that fishermen prioritize:

1. Increasing household income, which was the most selected benefit.

2. Reducing physical workload, making farming more manageable alongside

fishing.

3. Improving fish and plant care, ensuring better yield with minimal effort.

By integrating automated monitoring and control, fishermen can manage their

aquaponics setup without constant manual intervention. The system’s mobile app

provides real-time data, helping users make informed decisions efficiently.

While there is strong interest in adopting the system, some respondents

expressed concerns about cost and complexity. A few prefer traditional fishing

methods, while others worry about affordability. However, since the majority are

willing to attend training, providing structured workshops and easy-to-follow user

guides will help smooth the transition.

The survey results indicate that the system is operationally feasible, as:
 1. Users are experienced in fishing but open to learning new farming

techniques.

2. Smartphone ownership ensures easy access to the system’s mobile

monitoring features.

3. Automation reduces physical labor, making aquaponics manageable for

small-scale fishermen.

4. Training support can address concerns, increasing the likelihood of successful

adoption.

By ensuring affordability, ease of use, and comprehensive training, the system

can be effectively integrated into small-scale fisheries without disrupting their

existing routines.

Economic Feasibility

This section reflects a modest budget and a small user base of 15 app

subscribers, ideal for pilot testing, academic research, or community farming

initiatives in Sual, Pangasinan. Estimated costs are presented to assess the practical

feasibility of the design, but actual deployment is outside the study’s scope.

Cost Estimation

Item Estimated Cost (₱)

IoT sensors (basic pH, temp, etc.) ₱10,000

Microcontroller (e.g., Arduino) ₱3,000

Pumps, lights, aerators ₱10,000

Hydroponic structure (PVC, media, ₱20,000

containers)
Aquaponic tank & filtration ₱15,000

Fish and plant stock ₱2,500

Mobile app prototype (basic features) ₱15,000

Cloud hosting and analytics (1 year) ₱3,000

Miscellaneous/testing ₱6,500

Total Initial Investment ₱85,000

A. Initial Capital Investment

B. Annual Operating Costs

Expense Estimated Annual Cost (₱)

Maintenance (hardware & sensors) ₱10,000

Internet/data service ₱6,000

Cloud hosting ₱3,000

Utilities (electricity, water) ₱15,000

App updates and bug fixes ₱10,000

Fish/plant restocking ₱5,000

Total Annual Operating Cost ₱49,000

Revenue Projection (Annually)

A. Farm Production Sales

 Leafy greens (600 kg/year at ₱150/kg): ₱90,000

 Tilapia (150 kg/year at ₱200/kg): ₱30,000

Subtotal: ₱120,000
Break-even Analysis

Initial Investment = ₱85,000

Annual Net Profit = ₱120, 000– ₱49,000 = ₱71, 000

Break-even Period = ₱85,000 / ₱71, 000≈ 1.09 years

Return on Investment (ROI)

3-Year ROI = ((₱71,000× 3) – ₱85,000) / ₱85,000 × 100 = 150.59%

Even with a reduced app user base of only 15 subscribers, the project

remains economically viable, with a break-even time of just over 1 year and a

150.59% ROI over 3 years. Therefore, we can conclude that this system is

economically feasible.

Schedule Feasibility

In this study, the Smart Hydroponics and Aquaponics System is projected to

be completed within a six-month period. The first month will be spent conducting

the feasibility study, gathering user requirements, and preparing the system design

plan. The second month will focus on creating system diagrams, designing the

mobile app interface, and finalizing the technical architecture. Development of the

application and integration of backend services will begin in the third month, while

the fourth month will be dedicated to integrating IoT components such as sensors

and microcontrollers. System testing—including unit, integration, and user testing—

will take place during the fifth month to ensure all features function correctly.

Finally, the sixth month will cover system deployment, user training, and the

completion of all required documentation.

Legal and Ethical Considerations

Legal Considerations

1. Compliance with the Philippine Data Privacy Act of 2012 (Republic Act No. 10173)

Although the system is not designed to collect extensive personal

information, it will handle basic user data such as account names, login credentials,

and sensor-related information. These data are considered as part of personally

identifiable information (PII) and must be protected.

The system will comply with the Data Privacy Act of 2012 by:

1. Ensuring that only necessary data is collected for user account management

and system operation.

2. Implementing user consent protocols during sign-up or setup.

3. Applying data encryption for communication between sensors, cloud services,

and mobile applications.

4. Allowing users to view, modify, or delete their account data, in line with data

subject rights.

2. Compliance with Electrical and Electronic Safety Standards

The system involves the use of IoT sensors, microcontrollers, relays, pumps,

and other electronics that interface with water and organic materials. This makes

electrical safety a critical legal concern. The following safety measures will be taken:

1. Use of waterproof casing and protective enclosures for all electronics.

 2. Following local safety codes for low-voltage DC systems to avoid electrical

hazards.

3. Training users on safe installation and maintenance to minimize fire, shock, or

short-circuit risks.

4. Aligning with government guidelines on safe use of electronic devices in

agricultural environments, such as the Philippine Electrical Code.

Ethical Considerations

1. Inclusivity and Accessibility

The system design is intended to help fishermen and small agricultural

organizations, many of whom may have limited digital literacy. To ensure ethical

deployment:

a) The mobile app will use simple interfaces, icons, and language (with options

in Filipino or local dialects).

b) Training sessions and visual guides will be provided.

c) The system will be priced affordably and designed to be scalable, so that

users can start small and expand later.

2. Transparency in Data Monitoring and Decision-Making

The system will not only automate monitoring but also provide clear feedback

to users. This means:

a) All alerts, sensor data, and logs will be visible to the user at all times.

b) Automated decisions (like triggering a pump) will be explained clearly within

the app.
 c) Users will have control over their settings and thresholds to avoid hidden

automation or misinterpretation of data.

3. Environmental Sustainability

One of the core ethical goals of this system is to promote sustainable

agriculture and aquaculture. To support this:

a) The system reduces water and nutrient waste by recycling water and using

accurate nutrient dosing.

b) It encourages local food production, reducing dependence on overfishing and

imported crops.

c) By using energy-efficient components like low-power sensors and solar-

friendly designs, it supports eco-friendly operations.

System Requirements

Functional Requirements

The Smart Hydroponics and Aquaponics System is designed to automate

plant and fish farming while providing real-time monitoring and control through a

mobile application. The following functional requirements were selected in response

to user feedback from the survey, which emphasized ease of use, low-tech

compatibility, and clear indicators of system health:

IoT Sensor Integration

a) Water Quality Monitoring: pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen sensors to

ensure optimal conditions for fish and plants.

b) Nutrient Levels Detection: Automated sensors measuring nutrient

concentration in water to maintain plant health.

 c) Water Level and Flow Control: Real-time tracking of water levels and

automated pumps to regulate circulation.

d) Environmental Monitoring: Humidity and ambient temperature sensors to

detect external climate impact.

Automated Control System

a) Nutrient Dispensing Mechanism: Automated feeding system for plants based

on sensor readings.

b) Water Filtration and Circulation: Pumps and aerators adjust flow rates to

maintain water quality.

c) Emergency Notifications: Alerts for critical system failures or deviations in

environmental conditions.

Mobile Application Features

a) User Dashboard: Displays real-time sensor data, historical logs, and system

alerts.

b) Remote System Controls: Enables users to manually adjust nutrient flow,

water levels, and aeration settings.

c) Automated Scheduling: Allows users to set predefined schedules for nutrient

dispensing and water circulation.

d) User Authentication & Account Management: Secure login and role-based

access for system users.

Data Storage and Analytics

a) Historical Data Logging: Stores past environmental readings for trend analysis

and decision-making.
 b) Data Visualization: Graphical representation of sensor readings over time.

Non-Functional Requirements

Non-functional requirements ensure the system’s performance, security, and

reliability, supporting smooth operation and user trust.

Performance

a) Real-Time Responsiveness: Data should be updated in the mobile application

within seconds of sensor detection.

b) Low Latency Processing: Automated actions, such as nutrient dispensing and

water adjustments, should execute within milliseconds.

c) Scalability: The system should support future expansion, including integration

with additional sensors and cloud analytics.

Security

a) User Authentication: Multi-layer security ensuring only authorized users can

access the system.

b) Data Encryption: End-to-end encryption protects sensor data transmissions.

c) Cloud Security Compliance: Ensuring compliance with industry standards for

data protection and serve integrity.

d) Failure Recovery Mechanisms: Backup strategies to maintain system

operations during network outages or hardware failures.

Reliability

a) System Uptime: The platform should operate 24/7, with a minimal downtime

target of 99.5% availability.

 b) Error Handling & Fault Tolerance: Self-recovery mechanisms to automatically

detect and resolve common system errors.

c) Offline Mode Support: Ensuring temporary local data storage for cases when

internet connectivity is lost.

Mobile App Requirements

Survey data shows 100% of respondents have smartphones, but none have

tablets or personal computers (Refer to Table N.N). This led the decision to prioritize

a mobile-first platform over a web or desktop version. To use an optimal

performance and compatibility of the Smart Hydroponics and Aquaponics System

mobile application, the following system requirements for mobile devices are

specified of:

Minimum Requirements:

 Operating System: Android 9 or iOS 12.5

 Processor: Octa-core 1.8 GHz

 RAM: 4 GB

 Storage: 300 MB free space

 Internet: Stable Wi-Fi or 4G/LTE connection

 Screen Resolution: 720x1280 (HD)

Recommended Requirements:

 Operating System: Android 11 or higher / iOS 13 or higher

 Processor: Octa-core 2.0 GHz or better

 RAM: 6 GB or higher

 Storage: 500 MB of free space or higher

  Internet: Stable internet connection (at least 5 Mbps)

 Screen Resolution: 1080x2400 or higher

Additional Notes: Serv

er
(Clou
The app will need an access to the internet,
d)
background data usage, and

SMART permission
Mobile HYDROP
User to receive
App ONICS &

notifications or AQUAPO alerts.

NICS
SYSTEM
(Core)
Auto
Senso
matic
rs
devic
es

Fish
Tanks
and
Plant
Beds

System Design
 Fisherma Fishin
n g

Fish
Dealer/b
uyer

Figure 1. Context Diagram

Figure 2. Data Flow Diagram of Current System of Fishing Work

Goes to sea
 Auth
entic
ation

Proposed Data Flow Diagram of System

Databa

se
Account
Login or User
User Databas
Signup info
e

User Logged in

Mobil
e App

User
Configuration

Status Smart
Hydropo
nics &
Aquaponi
Environmen cs Control
t Data System EnvirCommands
Sens onme
ors ntal
contr
ol
Real-Time
Devic
Data
es
Dat
a
Dat Pro
a ces Analyze &
sin Compare
g&
Not
Log
ific
ic
atio
n
Figure 3. Data Flow
Mo Diagram of Proposed System
dul
e
Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)

Figure 4. Entity Relationship Diagram

User Mobile App Log

UserID (Primary ID) LogID (Primary ID)
Full Name UserID (Foreign
Email Key)
Role Action
JoinedDate Timestamp
Sensor Data
DataID (Primary ID)
DeviceID (Foreign Fish Data
Key) System Command
FishID (Primary
Timestamp CommandID (Primary
Key)
Value ID)
TankID (Foreign
Unit UserID (Foreign Key)
Key)
pH level ActuatorID (Foreign
Quantity
Water Quality Key)
Status
Temperature ActionType
Timestamp
Timestamp
Fish Tank
Sensor Device TankID (Primary
Actuator Device
DeviceID (Primary Key)
ActuatorID (Primary
ID) FishType
ID)
Type StockedDate
Type
Location
Status
Status Plant Bed
Location
TankID (Foreign BedID(Foreign
(PrimaryKey)
TankID
Key) Key)(Foreign Key)
BedID
BedID (Foreign CropType
Key) PlantedDate

Plant Data
PlantID (Primary
Key)
BedID (Foreign
Key)
CropType
Status
PlantedDate
Timestamp
User Interface
Development Plan

The project will follow the Agile methodology, which allows for iterative

development and regular testing of hardware and software modules. This model

ensures flexibility when integrating IoT components and reacting to user feedback,

which is essential in real-time system monitoring and automation.

Tools and Technologies

Programming Languages

a. Python – Backend logic and IoT sensor data processing.

b. Java/Kotlin – Android mobile application development.

Frameworks & Databases

a. Flutter – Cross-platform mobile app design (Android & iOS).

b. Firebase / MySQL – Secure data storage and real-time cloud synchronization.

c. MQTT Protocol – Lightweight communication for IoT device integration.

IoT and Cloud Integration

a. Arduino / Raspberry Pi – Sensor and automation system control.

b. AWS / Google Cloud – Cloud-based data storage and remote monitoring

services.

Software Tools

a. GitHub - Version control for collaboration and updates

b. Adobe XD- UI/UX design and wireframing

c. Postman - API testing and validation

d. JIRA - Task management and sprint tracking

 e. Docker - Cloud-based deployment and testing environments

Documentation and Project Management:

a. Gantt Chart: Online Gantt

b. Diagrams: Microsoft Word

Development Phases and Milestones

Month Phase Activities/Tasks

Conduct feasibility study,

gather system
Month 1 Planning and Feasibility Analysis
requirements, define

project scope

Create system

architecture, develop
Month 2 System Design
wireframes, draft user

interface mockups

Begin coding of the mobile

Month 3 Application Development (Part 1) app frontend and backend

integration

Integrate sensors (e.g., pH,

temp, water level),

Month 4 Hardware and IoT Integration
microcontroller setup,

basic testing

Month 5 System Testing and Refinement Conduct unit testing,

integration testing,

usability testing, fix bugs,

 finalize core features

Prepare deployment plan,

create user
Deployment Preparation and
Month 6 manuals/training guides,
Documentation
complete final

documentation

GANTT CHART

Figure 7. GANTT Chart

Implementation Strategy

Deployment Plan

Pilot Testing (Small-Scale Trial)

To validate the system’s usability and effectiveness, a pilot deployment will be

conducted within a select community of small-scale farmers and fisherfolk. The pilot

phase will include:

 1. Installation of IoT sensors and mobile application setup in small farm and

aquaponics units.

2. Monitoring water quality, nutrient balance, and environmental factors over a

trial period.

3. Collecting feedback from pilot users to refine mobile app usability,

automation settings, and real-time alerts.

4. Evaluating the system’s ability to increase efficiency and reduce manual

labor for fisherfolk.

The pilot phase is expected to last 2–3 months, ensuring that adjustments can

be made before full-scale implementation.

Gradual Scaling (Controlled Expansion)

After successfully addressing issues from the pilot phase, the system will

undergo incremental scaling, maintaining its cost-effective and compact nature

while ensuring accessibility to more users. Expansion strategies include:

1. Community-based adoption, where early users train others within the locality

to encourage technological literacy.

2. Deployment in cooperatives, allowing multiple users to share IoT technology

for cost efficiency.

3. Introducing small modular setups, enabling users to start with basic

hydroponics/aquaponics units and expand as they gain expertise.

4. Providing financing options, such as access to Startup Grant Fund (SGF)

Program incentives, to help users afford setup costs.

Cloud Integration and Offline Support

 Since small-scale farmers and fisherfolk may have limited internet access, the

system will integrate offline functionality, storing temporary local data when

connectivity is interrupted. Key aspects of cloud integration include:

1. Automated data backup and redundancy, preventing information loss.

2. Security protocols, including multi-layer encryption and secure login

authentication.

3. Offline accessibility, allowing users to view sensor readings even in areas with

weak connectivity.

User Training Plan

Hands-on Workshops (Direct Training for Small-Scale Farmers & Fishermen)

Since many users may be unfamiliar with automated farming, training

sessions will focus on interactive learning, including:

1. Real-time system demonstrations, teaching users to navigate the mobile app,

interpret sensor data, and adjust settings.

2. Guided setup tutorials, showing how to install IoT components and maintain

optimal hydroponic and aquaponic conditions.

3. Troubleshooting techniques, ensuring farmers can handle minor malfunctions

independently.

4. Workshops will be delivered onsite in partner communities or via online video

tutorials for accessibility.

Visual Guides (Simple, Illustrated Manuals for Non-Technical Users)

Recognizing that some fishermen may have limited experience with digital

tools, step-by-step visual guides will be provided. These include:

 1. Illustrated setup instructions, detailing sensor placement, water circulation,

and mobile app functions.

2. Video tutorials, offering practical demonstrations on how to control nutrient

levels, check fish health, and monitor plant growth.

3. Multilingual translations, ensuring guides are available in Filipino and regional

dialects for local accessibility.

Peer Learning and Community Support

Instead of relying only on formal training, the system encourages knowledge

sharing among users through:

1. Community-based mentoring, where experienced farmers train newer

adopters.

2. Online forums and social media groups, where users can ask questions,

troubleshoot problems, and exchange ideas.

3. Ongoing system updates, introducing new app features and farming

techniques based on user feedback.

System Testing Strategy

Functional Testing

The system undergoes rigorous testing to ensure all primary features operate

correctly before deployment. This includes:

1. IoT Sensor Accuracy Tests, verifying that temperature, water levels, pH, and

nutrient concentrations are measured correctly.

2. Automated Water & Nutrient Regulation, testing real-time system responses

to maintain stable farming conditions.

 3. Mobile App Performance, ensuring alerts, data visualization, and user input

function without errors.

Security and Reliability Testing

Since user data security and continuous operation are high priorities, additional

testing will focus on:

1. System Uptime Validation, ensuring a 99.5% availability rate with backup

recovery mechanisms in case of failures.

2. Network and Cloud Security Checks, testing encrypted data transmission and

secure user authentication.

3. Offline Mode Simulation, verifying that sensor readings remain accessible

even without internet connectivity.

User Acceptance Testing (UAT)

Before deployment, the system will undergo final validation with actual users,

ensuring real-world usability.

1. Selected small-scale farmers and fisherfolk will operate the system under

controlled conditions, identifying potential improvements.

2. User feedback will guide system refinements, adjusting UI/UX designs, sensor

placements, and alert responsiveness.

3. If necessary, additional iterations will be conducted, enhancing system

stability before expanding to new users.

Risk Analysis

The implementation of the Smart Hydroponics and Aquaponics System: An

IoT- Enabled Mobile App for Automated Plant and Fish Farming introduces several

potential risks that must be carefully analyzed to ensure project sustainability, user

safety, and operational stability. These risks are categorized into technical, user-

related, financial, and environmental risks, all of which may affect the project's

success and acceptance by the target community, particularly farmers and

fisherfolk.

1. Technical Risks

The system relies heavily on IoT devices, sensors, and a mobile application,

which may encounter issues such as hardware malfunction, software bugs, or

unstable internet connectivity. In rural or coastal areas, internet access may be

limited or unreliable, potentially disrupting remote monitoring and automation

features (Ullah et al., 2021).

Mitigation: The system will be designed with offline functionality and local

data storage to ensure continued operation even without internet access. Regular

maintenance schedules and user training will also be implemented to prevent and

address technical issues.

2. User Adaptability Risks

Some fisherfolk and farmers may have limited experience with smart

technology or mobile applications. A lack of digital literacy can hinder full utilization
of the system's features, leading to user frustration or system abandonment

(Rahman & Lu, 2020).

Mitigation: Training sessions, manuals in the local language, and hands-on

demonstrations will be provided. The mobile app will use visual indicators and

simple navigation to improve usability for non-technical users.

3. Financial Risks

Initial setup costs for sensors, microcontrollers, and other components may

be high for low-income communities. Without financial assistance or cost-sharing

programs, users may find it difficult to adopt the technology.

Mitigation: The project can seek partnerships with local government units

(LGUs), NGOs, or cooperatives to subsidize the cost. A modular system design will

also allow gradual upgrades based on the user's budget and needs.

4. Environmental Risks

Unforeseen environmental factors such as power outages, flooding, or

extreme temperature changes could damage equipment or affect system

performance, particularly in coastal or low-lying barangays.

Mitigation: Waterproof housing for hardware components and backup power

sources (e.g., solar panels) will be integrated into the system. Environmental

sensors will also trigger early alerts to warn users of irregular conditions.

5. Data and Privacy Risks

The use of mobile applications and cloud data storage introduces concerns

about data privacy and potential unauthorized access to sensitive farm data.
 Mitigation: Basic data encryption and user authentication protocols will be

implemented. The app will store only essential operational data and provide privacy

settings for user control.

Conclusion

The study aimed to design a Smart Hydroponics and Aquaponics System

using IoT-enabled technology and a mobile application to support fisherfolk in

establishing a safer and more sustainable source of income. Through a detailed

feasibility analysis, system design, and user-focused survey, it was confirmed that

the proposed system is technically sound, operationally viable, economically

profitable, and legally and ethically appropriate.

Survey results revealed that the majority of the target users—fisherfolk in

Sual, Pangasinan—are interested in learning about and adopting this alternative

farming system. Despite limited prior experience in smart farming, respondents

expressed willingness to undergo training and adapt to new systems if provided

with clear guidance and support. The integration of IoT sensors and automation will

reduce physical labor, improve productivity, and offer a more stable livelihood

compared to traditional fishing practices.

The project offers a promising opportunity to improve food security,

environmental sustainability, and digital inclusion within underserved communities.

Recommendations

Based on the study's findings, the following recommendations are proposed:

 1. Implement the system in a small-scale pilot setting within the local

community to observe real-world performance and gather user feedback

before broader deployment.

2. Conduct interactive workshops, demonstrations, and provide illustrated

guides in local dialects to enhance user adoption and technological literacy.

3. Develop a clear maintenance plan that includes regular hardware checks,

software updates, and hotline or support channels to assist users.

4. Seek collaboration with government agencies, cooperatives, or NGOs to

provide startup grants or subsidized hardware packages, especially for low-

income users.

5. Incorporate user feedback from the pilot phase to refine system features such

as visual plant/fish health indicators, alert customization, and energy-efficient

components.

6. Establish a monitoring mechanism to track productivity, income changes, and

user satisfaction over time, ensuring continuous system improvement and

scalability.

Executive Summary

Project Overview

The "Smart Hydroponics and Aquaponics System: An IoT-Enabled Mobile App

for Automated Plant and Fish Farming" addresses the economic instability and

occupational risks faced by Filipino fisherfolk by providing an alternative land-based

income source. The system combines hydroponics and aquaponics with real-time

environmental monitoring via a mobile application, reducing labor and enhancing

yield.
Key Objectives

The study aimed to:

a. Identify the challenges faced by traditional fishermen.

b. Design a smart farming system integrating IoT sensors for plant and fish care.

c. Develop a user-friendly mobile application suitable for non-technical users.

d. Assess the system’s technical, operational, and economic feasibility.

e. Determine which features fisherfolk find most valuable in such systems.

Expected Benefits

The proposed Smart Hydroponics and Aquaponics System is expected to

bring several meaningful benefits to its users, particularly small-scale fisherfolk.

First, it can contribute to increased income stability by enabling year-round

production of crops and fish, offering a consistent and diversified source of

livelihood. The automation of key tasks such as feeding, water circulation, and

environmental monitoring will reduce the physical labor typically required in

traditional farming and fishing. Furthermore, the integration of real-time mobile

monitoring and alerts will support better decision-making, allowing users to respond

promptly to any changes in system conditions. From an environmental perspective,

the system promotes sustainability by recycling water, optimizing nutrient usage,

and decreasing reliance on overfishing practices. Lastly, it supports technological

inclusion by introducing fisherfolk—many of whom have limited exposure to modern

tools—to accessible, mobile-based digital farming systems.

Summary of Recommendations

To ensure successful implementation, the project team recommends

conducting a pilot deployment to evaluate the system’s performance in a real-world

setting. Training workshops and illustrated guides should be provided to help users,

particularly those with limited technical experience, learn how to operate the

system effectively. To address the concern over high setup costs, securing funding

assistance or subsidies will be essential for supporting adoption among low-income

users. In addition, collecting continuous user feedback will be vital in refining

system features and ensuring that the design aligns with actual user needs. Finally,

establishing mechanisms for ongoing support, maintenance, and performance

tracking will help maintain system reliability and encourage long-term use.

References:

1. Bista, S., & Tamang, D. (2024). Hydroponic and aquaponics in agriculture.

In Current Trends and Advances in Agricultural Sciences (pp. 173–186). KD

Publications. https://www.kdpublications.in

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023). Climate change 2023:

Synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III to the Sixth

Assessment Report. Cambridge University

Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/

2. Biology Online. (2023, May 29). Hydroponics definition and examples.

https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/hydroponics

3. Okomoda, V. T., Oladimeji, S. A., Solomon, S. G., Olufeagba, S. O., & Ogah, S.

I. (2023). Aquaponics production system: A review of historical perspective,

 opportunities, and challenges of its adoption. Food Science & Nutrition, 11(3),

1234–1245. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3154

4. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. (2022). 2022 Philippine Fisheries

Profile. Department of Agriculture.

https://www.bfar.da.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2022-Philippine-

Fisheries-Profile.pdf

5. Rahman, M., & Lu, W. (2020). Digital Inclusion and Technology Adoption

among Coastal Fishermen: A Study in Southeast Asia. Marine Policy, 122,

104255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104255

6. Ullah, M., Rahman, M., & Haque, M. (2021). IoT-Based Smart Aquaculture

System for Sustainable Fish Farming. Aquacultural Engineering, 94, 102148.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2021.102148

Appendices

Tables

These survey findings were used to shape the system’s features, especially for

mobile interface design and automation needs.

AGE RANGE FREQUENCY

18–24 years old 1

25–31 years old 2

32–38 years old 3

39–45 years old 6

46–50 years old 1

51 & ABOVE 2

TOTAL: 15

MONTHLY INCOME FREQUENCY

101 - 5,000 6

5,001 - 10,000 3

10,001 – 15,000 3

15,001 – 20,000 1

20,001 & above 2

TOTAL: 15

GADGETS AVAILABLE FREQUENCY

Smartphone 15

Tablet 0

Laptop 0

Personal Computer 0

TOTAL: 15
 Survey Questionnaire

Research Title:
“Smart Hydroponics and Aquaponics System: An IoT-Enabled Mobile App for
Automated Plant and Fish Farming”

Instructions (Panuto):
Please answer the questions honestly. Your answers will help us create a better
system for farming and fish growing. All answers will be kept private.
(Pakitugon ang mga tanong nang tapat. Makakatulong ang iyong sagot upang
makagawa kami ng mas mabuting sistema para sa pag-aalaga ng isda at
pagtatanim. Lahat ng sagot ay mananatiling kumpidensyal.)

Name (Pangalan) (Optional/Opsiyonal):_________________________

Age (Edad) : ___________
Gender (Kasarian): ☐ Male (Lalaki) ☐ Female (Babae) ☐ Other (Iba pa)

1. Are you currently a fisherman?

Ikaw ba ay kasalukuyang mangingisda?

☐ Yes (Oo) ☐ No (Hindi)

2. How many years have you been fishing?
Ilang taon ka nang nangingisda?

☐ Less than 1 year (Mas mababa sa 1 taon)

☐ 1–5 years (1–5 taon)
☐ More than 5 years (Higit sa 5 taon)

3. Average Monthly Income (in Pesos)

Karaniwang Buwanang Kita (sa Piso)

☐ 101 - 5,000
☐ 5,001 - 10,000
☐ 10,001 – 15,000
☐ 15,001 – 20,000
☐ 20,001 & above (pataas)

4. Gadgets available (Please check all available gadgets)

Mga kagamitang mayroon ka (Paki-tsek ang lahat ng kagamitang mayroon
ka)
☐ Smartphone
☐ Tablet
☐ Laptop
☐ Personal Computer

5. Have you ever tried farming plants or fish (like in tanks or small ponds)?
Nasubukan mo na bang mag-alaga ng isda o magtanim gamit ang tangke o maliit
na palaisdaan?

☐ Yes (Oo) ☐ No (Hindi)

6. Have you heard of hydroponics (plant farming using water) or aquaponics (raising
fish and plants together in water)?
Narinig mo na ba ang tungkol sa hydroponics (pagtatanim gamit ang tubig) o
aquaponics (sabay na pag-aalaga ng isda at halaman gamit ang tubig)?

☐ Yes, I know both (Oo, alam ko pareho)

☐ I’ve heard of them, but I’m not sure what they are (Narinig ko na pero hindi
ako sigurado kung ano iyon)
☐ No, I’ve never heard of them (Hindi ko alam ang tungkol dito)

7. If yes, where did you learn about them?

Kung oo, saan mo ito natutunan?
 ☐ From TV or internet (Sa TV o internet)
☐ From a friend or neighbor (Sa kaibigan o kapitbahay)
☐ From a seminar or training (Sa seminar o pagsasanay)
☐ Other (Iba pa): ___________

8. Would you be interested in learning about a new system that can grow fish and
vegetables together?
Interesado ka bang matuto tungkol sa bagong sistema na maaaring sabay mag-
alaga ng isda at gulay?

☐ Yes (Oo)
☐ No (Hindi)
☐ Maybe (Siguro)

9. Do you want to have other ways to earn money besides fishing?

Gusto mo bang magkaroon ng ibang paraan para kumita bukod sa pangingisda?

☐ Yes (Oo)
☐ No (Hindi)
☐ Maybe (Siguro)

10. If there’s a system that helps grow fish and plants using clean water, and you
can check it using your cellphone, would you be interested?
Kung may sistema na tumutulong sa pag-aalaga ng isda at halaman gamit ang
malinis na tubig at pwede mong makita sa iyong cellphone, interesado ka ba?

☐ Yes (Oo)
☐ No (Hindi)
☐ Maybe (Siguro)

11. What would you want a system like this to help you with? (Check all that apply)
Ano ang gusto mong maitulong ng ganitong sistema sa iyo? (Piliin lahat ng
naaangkop)

☐ Easier fish and plant care (Mas mapadali ang pag-aalaga ng isda at
halaman)
☐ More income for my family (Dagdag kita para sa pamilya)
☐ Less hard labor (Mas magaan na trabaho)
☐ Learn new farming skills (Matuto ng bagong kaalaman sa pagtatanim)
☐ Others (Iba pa): ___________

12. If you were to use this kind of system, which tools or features would be helpful?
(Check all that apply)
Kung gagamit ka ng ganitong sistema, anong mga kagamitan o katangian ang
makakatulong sa iyo? (Piliin lahat ng naaangkop)

☐ It works by itself most of the time (automatic) (Kusa itong gumagana nang
mag-isa (awtomatiko))
☐ Sends warnings or alerts to my phone (Nagpapadala ng babala o alerto sa
cellphone)
☐ Shows if fish or plants are healthy (Ipinapakita kung malusog ang isda o
halaman)
☐ Easy to use phone app (Madaling gamitin na cellphone app)
☐ Can be used even if I don’t know much about technology (Pwedeng
gamitin kahit kaunti lang ang alam ko sa teknolohiya)
☐ Others (Iba pa): ___________

13. Would you be willing to attend a training to learn how to use this system?
Handa ka bang dumalo sa isang pagsasanay para matutunan kung paano gamitin
ang sistemang ito?

☐ Yes (Oo)
☐ No (Hindi)
☐ Maybe (Siguro)

14. What worries you about trying this new system?

Ano ang mga kinababahala mo tungkol sa paggamit ng ganitong sistema?

☐ Too expensive (Masyadong mahal)

☐ Too hard to use (Mahirap gamitin)
☐ I don’t have a cellphone or internet (Wala akong cellphone o internet)
☐ I prefer traditional fishing (Mas gusto ko ang tradisyonal na pangingisda)
☐ Others (iba pa): ___________

15. Do you have any suggestions or ideas that could help us make this system
better for fisherfolk like you?
Mayroon ka bang mungkahi o ideya na makakatulong para mas mapabuti pa ang
sistemang ito para sa mga mangingisda tulad mo?
Documentations