Chapter 01 ⏐ Introduction to Lifespan

Development
12. characterized by “plasticity”, we mean that
1.Developmental psychology is also called:
-We are capable of change
-Both A and B

13.kindergarten or going through puberty is an

2.The scientific study of ways in which people example of a:
change.
-Normative age-graded influence
-All of the above

14.time period in which we were born shapes

3. development was essentially completed our experiences is
around age
-Normative history-graded influence
-25

15.a life event that’s not typical for our age group
4.Developmental psychology both influences
-Non-normative life influence
and is influenced by other fields of study

-True
16. group of people who were born at roughly
the same time
5.researcher who first articulated key underlying
-Cohort
principles of lifespan development is

-James Mark Baldwin

17.someone who was born in 1937 is part of
which generation?
6.NOT one of the key underlying principles of
- Silent
lifespan development

- Development has a definite end point

18.the aging of the ________ is one reason why
developmental psychology has begun
7.Development always involves improvement,
-Baby Boomers
growth, or progression of skills or functioning.

-False
19.way to identify families and households
based on their shared levels of education
8.NOT one of the three primary
-Socioeconomic status
domains in which development occurs?

-Contextual
20.How does socioeconomic status influence
development?

9.relationships with families, peers, and friends -All of the above

are part of the __________ domain.

-Psychosocial
21. Living in poverty is associated with:

-All of the above

10.problem-solving, memory, and language are
part of the ________ domain.
22.Poverty is determined by a set of thresholds
-Cognitive
based on family income and:

-The size of the family

11.the nervous system, and the propensity for
disease and illness are part of the ___________
domain.

-Physical
23.term for the shared language, knowledge, 34.Our cognitive capacity, adaptability, and
material objects, and behavior of a group emotional beliefs about aging are part of our:

-Culture -Psychological age

24.belief that our own culture is super 35. Social norms of our culture and the
expectations our culture has for people of our
-Ethnocentrism
age.

-Social age
25.The culture we grow up in shapes our ideas
about:
36. Chronological age is the most accurate and
-All of the above
complete way of describing someone’s
functioning

26.We only learn about our culture from our -False

parents.
37. Everyone classified as a child or adult will
-False function the same way

-False

27.Our culture only affects us during our

childhood.
38. time between the end of adolescence and
-False before individuals acquire all the benchmarks

-Emerging adulthood

28.cultural practices are best understood from

the standpoint of that particular culture is called:
39.Someone who is 70 years old would be
-Cultural relativity classified as:

-Young-old

29.length of time a species can exist under the

most optimal conditions is called:
40. whether biological or environmental factors
-Lifespan are stronger influences

-Nature vs Nurture

30.predicted number of years a person born in a

particular time period can reasonably expect to
41. whether development involves a
live
slow, gradual process or distinct stages
-Life expectancy
-Continuity vs. discontinuity

31. Longest reported lifespan for a human

42. whether humans play an active role
-120
in shaping their development or are at the mercy
of uncontrollable forces
32. Number of years since your birth is your
- Active vs. passive
-Chronological age

43. how much we change over time (and in what

33.How quickly the body is aging, including how ways) is the debate called
good our physical functioning is
-Stability vs. change
-Biological age

44. the ________ side emphasizes the

importance of genetic and biological

-Nature
 55. Gesell most likely feels about things like
trying to teach infants using flash cards.
45.the ________ side emphasizes the
importance of environmental factors -He’d disapprove of it because he thought it best
to wait
-Nurture

56.Rousseau believed that when it came to

46. Stage theories of development are also
education
called:
-Children should not be taught “the right way to
-Discontinuous
think”

47. caterpillar becomes a butterfly, This is an

57. According to Freud, we come into the world
example of ________ development
as _____, to become _____ beings during
-Discontinuous childhood.

-Biological, social

48.Vygotsky believed that adults didn’t possess

new skills, but instead had skills that were
58. following statements about Freud’s
already present in children
theory of development is FALSE?
-Continuous
-has been thoroughly tested scientifically

49. Fully formed human is implanted in the

sperm or egg at conception and then grows 59.Erikson proposed that each period of life has
a unique challenge. This is called:
-Preformationism
-Psychosocial crisis

50. First theory of development to state that the

environment was proposed by: 60. Erikson’s theory of development is different
from Freud’s?
-Locke
- All of the above

51. term “tabula rasa”

61. successful development involves:
-Blank slate
- Dealing with and resolving the goals

52. Locke considers the environment to be a

particularly strong influence during our early life? 62. how we resolve one crisis has no effect on
how we resolve other crisis
- Because that’s when the mind is most pliable
-False

53.Most important way that Locke’s theory

differs from preformationism 63. we learn to do things well or correctly
according to others’ standard
-Locke’s theory places more importance on
environmental -Industry vs. inferiority

54. ________ used the term “maturation” to 64. someone who develops an interest in
describe guiding the development of the next generation
has successfully resolved the crisis
-Gesell
- Generativity vs. stagnation

65. our first year and a half after birth we must

resolve the crisis of:
- Trust vs. mistrust -All of the above

66. someone who becomes independent by 77. Piaget, children of different ages interpret the
exploring, manipulating world in different ways.

- Initiative vs. guilt -True

67. we develop the ability to give and receive 78. During Piaget’s sensorimotor stage, the
love and make long-term commitments primary skill obtained by the infant is:

-Intimacy vs. isolation -Object permanence

68. someone who develops an acceptance of 79. During Piaget’s preoperational stage, the
their life as it was primary skill obtained by the child is:

-Ego integrity vs. despair -Theory of mind

69. well-defined and positive sense of self in 80. Concrete operational, the primary skill
relation to others obtained by the child is:

- Identity vs. role confusion -Conservation

70. someone who develops a sense of free will 81. formal operational stage, the primary skill
and an understanding obtained by the child is:

-Autonomy vs. shame and doubt -Abstract logic

71. Learning theory is also called: 82. During Piaget’s sensorimotor stage, the
infant learns to:
-Behaviorism
- Experience the world through senses

72. A key idea of behaviorism is that because

_____________ 83. preoperational stage, the primary skill
obtained by the child is:
-The mind
-Understand others’ perspectives and use
language
73.Skinner used the principles of behaviorism to:

-All of the above

84. concrete operational stage, the primary skill
obtained by the child is:

74.The idea that we learn by watching others is - Think logically and perform operations on real-
called world objects and concepts

- Social learning theory

85. During Piaget’s formal operational stage, the
primary
75. The concept of reciprocal determinism states
that we influence our environment and vice skill obtained by the child is:
versa.
-Think systematically and reason a
-True

86. Piaget believed that intellectual development

76. Bandura’s studies with the “Bobo doll” happens due to maturation, not training.
indicated that:
-True
 97. Research designed to discover relationships
among variables
87. Vygotsky’s _______ theory emphasizes the
importance of culture and interaction -Correlational

- Sociocultural

98. Research in which a researcher manipulates

one or more
88. The _______approach is a set of theories
studying how individuals perceive, analyze, - Experimental
manipulate

-Problem solving
99. Descriptive records of one or a small group
of individuals’

- Case studies

89. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory,

the individual’s immediate environment
100. An important limitation of case studies is
-Microsystem that:

-All of the above

90. In Bronfenbrenner’s theory, cultural elements

such as economic conditions
101. Psychologists observe and record behavior
-Macrosystem that occurs in everyday settings.

-Naturalistic observation

91. Bronfenbrenner’s theory, larger

organizational structures such as schools and
102. Record behavior conducted in a setting
religion
created by the researcher.
-Mesosystem
-Laboratory observation

92. Bronfenbrenner’s theory, larger community

103. When a researcher uses a survey, they are
contexts such as values and history
collecting data by using:
-Exosystem
- A measure administered through either a
verbal or written questionnaire

93. Bronfenbrenner’s theory, the chronosystem

represents the:
104. Psycho physiological assessment, they are
-Historical context collecting data by using:

- Measures of bodily processes such as heart

rate, hormone levels, or brain activity
94. What is the term we use for the set of
assumptions, rules, and procedures.

-Scientific method 105. When a researcher uses an interview, they

are collecting data by using:

-Questions asked directly by the researcher

95. The general term for the specific method a
researcher uses to collect, analyze, and interpret
data.

-Research design

96. Research that describes what is occurring at

a particular point in time is

-Descriptive
106. When a researcher uses secondary/content 117. A positive correlation coefficient indicates
analysis that:

-Information that has already been collected or - Individuals who have high values for one
examining documents or media variable tend to have low values

107. The people chosen to participate in the 118. An important limitation of correlational
research are called the: research is that:

- Sample - It can’t be used to draw conclusions about the

causal relationships

108. The group of all the people that the

researcher wishes to know 119. An advantage of correlational research is
that:
- Population
- All of the above

109. it’s important that your sample includes the

same percentages of males, females 120. A variable that is not part of the research
hypothesis but produces
- Representative
- Third variable

110. Because they don’t want the researcher to

think poorly of them. 121. Cities with lots of churches have a higher
crime rate than cities with fewer churches sit.
- Social desirability
Population size:

- Third variable
111. Symbolized by the letter R, is the most
common statistical measure
122. Children from lower socioeconomic status
- Pearson correlation coefficient
backgrounds tend to perform worse

- Positive correlation, because both variables

112. The value of the Pearson correlation change in the same direction
coefficient ranges from:

- -1.0 to 1.0
123. As the amount of time children spend on
social media increases, their rates of depression
and anxiety also increase.
113. The strength of the correlational
relationship is shown by: - Positive correlation, because both variables
change in the same direction
-Both B and C, because these refer to the same
thing
124. As the amount of time children spend on
social media increases, their school grades
114. Correlation coefficients represents the decrease. This is an example of a:
strongest relationship
-Negative correlation, because the variables
- -.84 change in the opposite direction

115. Correlation coefficients represents the 125. The goal of the _________ is to provide
weakest relationship? definitive conclusions
- .21 - Experimental method

116. A positive correlation coefficient indicates 126. _______ are specific statements about the
that: relationship between variables.
- Individuals who have high values for one - Hypotheses
variable also tend to have high values
127. In an experiment, the independent variable 138. Research that studies different age groups
is: at a single time point

- The causing variable that is created or - Cross-sectional

manipulated by the experimenter

139. A disadvantage of cross-sectional research

128. In an experiment, the dependent variable is that:
is:
- It does not allow us to investigate the impact
- A measured variable that is expected to be
influenced
140. Being born in a certain time period, such as
during the Great Depression.
129. Dr. Smartypants, probiotic children to
- Cohort effect
perform better in school Sit. Independent Var.

- Whether or not they take probiotic supplements

141. __________ research involves studying
one group of people who are the same age,
130. Dr. Smartypants sit. Dependent variable?
- Longitudinal
- The grades children earn in school

142. occurs when participants fail to complete all

131. Dr. Smartypants sit. the group of children portions of a study.
taking probiotic supplements
- Attrition
- Experimental group

143. Longitudinal research designs are optimal

132. Dr. Smartypants sit. The group of children for studying stability because:
taking Vitamin C is called the:
- All of the above
- Control group

144. Which of the following is NOT a problem

133. In research, a variable is something that: with longitudinal research?

- Changes in value - It is unethical to study people over time

134. Variables that are not part of the 145. Become better at a task over time because
experiment that could inadvertently they have done it again and again.

- Extraneous variables - Practice effect

135. The group that receives the treatment being 146. Includes elements of both longitudinal and
studied is called the: cross-sectional research designs.

- Experimental group - Sequential research

136. Does not receive the treatment being 147. Dr. Smartypants 60,70, to 80yrs old sit.
studied is called the: What kind of study has she done?

- Control group - Cross-sectional

148. Dr. Smartypants group of 60-year-olds sit.

What kind of study has she done?
137. An important limitation of experimental
designs is that: - Longitudinal

- All of the above

149. Dr. Smartypants 60,70,80 yrs old - Meiosis

every 5 years over time. Sit.

- Sequential 7. The cells used in sexual reproduction are

called:

- Gametes
150.Researchers mustobtain informed consent,
which involves:

- Explaining as much as possible about the true 8. The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are similar
nature of the study in length and are called:

- Autosomes

151. Occurs whenever research participants are

not completely and fully informed
9. Whether we are genetically male or female
- Deception depend son:

- sex chromosomes we inherit

152. Which of the following occurs at the end of 10. The sum total of all the genes a person
the research study? inherits is that person’s:

- Debriefing - Genotype

153. Explaining the research and removing any 11. Features that are actually expressed
harmful after effects of participation. constitutes that person’s:

- Debriefing - Phenotype

Chapter 02 ⏐ Heredity, Prenatal Development, 12. Different versions of a gene are called:
and Birth
- Alleles

1. ___________ are recipes for making proteins.

13. A person who is homozygous for a particular
- Genes characteristic:

- Inherited the same version of the gene for that

characteristic from each parent
2. Human cells carry ______ chromosomes in
the nucleus of each cell.

- 46 14. A person who is heterozygous for a

particular characteristic:

- Inherited different versions of the gene for that

3. Is defined as the cell’s nucleus making an characteristic from each parent
exact copy of all the chromosomes

- Mitosis
15. Phenotype even when paired with a different
version of the gene are called:
4. Most of the cells in the human body are - Dominant
created by the process of:

- Mitosis
16. Phenotype express themselves only when
paired with a similar version of that gene are
5. During ____, the gamete’s chromosomes called:
duplicate and then divide twice, - Recessive
- Meiosis

17. Characteristics that are influenced by

6. The sexual reproduction cells in the body are several genes are called:
created by the process of: - Polygenic
 29. A person with three of chromosome 21 has:

18. Sometimes the dominant gene does not - Both A and B

completely suppress the recessive gene.

- Incomplete dominance
30. A sex-linked chromosomal abnormality
occurs on:

19. People who have inherited only one - The 23rd pair
recessive gene are called:

- Carriers
31. Is caused by enzyme deficiency resulting in
the accumulation of lipids.

20. Monozygotic twins are also called: - Tay-Sachs disease

- Identical twins

32. Is a weakening of the muscles resulting in

an inability to move.
21. Dizygotic twins are also called:
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Fraternal twins

33. A condition that affects breathing and

22. Monozygotic twins are formed when:
digestion due to thick mucus
- fertilized egg splits apart during the first two
- Cystic fibrosis
weeks

34. The X chromosomes is lost and the resulting

23. Dizygotic twins are formed when:
zygote has an X Ocomposition.
B. Two eggs fertilized by two separate sperm
- Turner syndrome

24. Most genetic disorders are associated with

35. Results when an extra X chromosome is
________genes.
present in the cells of a male and XXY
- Dominant composition.

- Klinefelter syndrome

25. Some genetic disorders involve a defective

gene on the X-chromosome.
36. Common reasons for seeking genetic
- Sex-linked counseling are:

- All of the above

26. Who is at greater risk for sex-linked

disorders due toa recessive gene?
37. The scientific study of the interplay between
- Males because they have only one X the genetic and environmental
chromosome
- Behavioral genetics

27. Occurs when a child inherits too many or two

38. Genetic factors contribute to variations in the
few chromosomes.
environment are called:
- Chromosomal abnormality
- Genotype-environment correlations

39. When children passively inherit the genes

28. The most common cause of chromosomal and the environments.
abnormalities is:
- Passive
- The age of the mother
40. Social environment reacts to individuals 51. Fewer than one half of all zygotes survive
based on their inherited characteristics. beyond the first two weeks. Why?

- Evocative - All of the above are possible reasons

41. when individuals seek out environments that 52. The zygote contains about 100 cells and is
support their genetic tendencies. called a(n):

- Active - Blastocyst

42. An active genotype-environment correlation 53. The inner layer of the blastocyst is called
is also known as: the:

- Niche picking - Embryonic disk

43. Jess is naturally athletically inclined sit. 54. The outer layer of the blastocyst is called
the:
- Active
- Trophoblast

44. Josh’s parents really enjoy music and are

talented at it, so they expose Josh sit. 55. Blastocyst has implanted in the uterine wall
at the end of the germinal period.
- Passive
- Embryo

45. Tiffany is discriminated against at work

because she is female. 56. A structure connected to the uterus that
provides nourishment and oxygen.
- Evocative
- Placenta

46. Stressful environments appear to affect

genetically at-risk children more. 57. __________ development occurs from head
to tail.
- Genotype-environment interaction
- Cephalocaudal

47. These gene changes can then be inherited

by daughter cells and affect genetic expression 58. The embryo’s head is larger than the rest of
as people age. its body.

- Epigenetics - Cephalocaudal

48. The __________ period of prenatal 59. __________ development occurs from the
development lasts about 14 days. middle outward.

- Germinal - Proximodistal

49. Period of prenatal development begins at 60. The embryo’s internal organs develop before
conception and ends when the fertilized its fingers do.

- Germinal - Proximodistal

50. A zygote: 61. The first chance of survival outside the

womb, known as the age of ___________,
- All of the above
- Viability
62.From the ninth week post-conception until
birth.
73. The effects of fetal alcohol spectrum
- Fetus disorders include:

- All of the above

63. By ________ weeks gestational age, all of

the fetus’s organ systems are developed enough
74. The primary way that smoking tobacco
that it could survive
affects prenatal development is by:
- 37
- Reducing the amount of oxygen available to
the fetus

64. Prenatal brain development begins in the

third gestational week, located at.
75. A complication of pregnancy in which the
- Neural plate fertilized egg implants itself

- Ectopic pregnancy

65. Neurogenesis, or the formation of neurons,

is largely completed after:
76. A complication of pregnancy in which
- Five months placenta lies low in the uterus and covers

- Placenta previa

66. Which part of the brain continues to develop

neurons throughout life?

- Hippocampus
77. A a complication of pregnancy in which the
placenta separates prematurely

67. The formation of neurons is called: - Placenta abruption

- Neurogenesis

78. Possible effects of smoking during

pregnancy include:
68. Regions of the brain that contain the cell
bodies are referred to as the: - All of the above

- Gray matter

79. All prescription and over-the-counter drugs

are safe to take during pregnancy.
69. Contain the axons that form the neural
pathways are referred to as the: - False

- White matter

80. If a baby’s mother used an addictive drug sit.

70. Myelin is: - Neonatal abstinence syndrome

- All of the above

81. Why is it difficult to determine the effects of
illicit drugs
71. __________ are environmental factors that
can contribute to birth defects. - All of the above

- Teratogens
82. Possible effects of exposure to illicit drugs
during pregnancy include:

- All of the above

72. A factor influencing the effect that teratogens
have on prenatal development is: 83. Appears to have negative effects on prenatal
development?
- All of the above
- All of the above
84. A parasite found in cat feces, dirt,and 95. The ___________ is a test in which sound
uncooked meats waves are used to examine the fetus.

- Toxoplasma gondii - Ultrasound

85. NOT an illness that can cause problems 96. A test in which a needle is used to withdraw
during prenatal development? a small amount of amniotic fluid.

- Influenza - Amniocentesis

86. An older parent is associated with more 97. A small sample of cells is taken from the
medical risks, but there are also possible placenta and tested.
positive consequences.
- Chorionic villus sampling
- True

98. Procedure involves implanting both sperm

87. increased risk of medical and genetic and ova into the fallopian tube.
complications starts when women turn age:
- Gamete intra-fallopian tube transferred
- 35

99. Characterized by a sharp rise in blood

88. Mothers under age 15 and over age 35 are pressure, a leakage of protein into the urine
at increased risk of having premature babies.
- Both B and C
- True

100. the __________ method is on teaching the

89. Babies born to women with gestational woman to be in control in the process of delivery
diabetes will be diabetic themselves.
- Lamaze
- False

101. The first stage of labor involves:

90. Women who develop diabetes during
- Uterine contractions that increase in duration
pregnancy will be permanently diabetic after
and frequency
giving birth.

- False
102. The second stage of labor involves:

- Passage of the baby through the birth canal

91. Rh disease is:

- A form of anemia
103. The third stage of labor involves:

- Delivery of the placenta

92. All women should gain the same amount of
weight during pregnancy.

- False 104. The longest stage of labor is typically the

________stage.

- First
93. During pregnancy, most women do not need
to double their caloric intake.

- True

105. _________ contractions are also called

“false labor”.
94. NOT mentioned in your book as a cause of
problems during prenatal development? - Braxton-Hicks
- Schizophrenia
106. An incision made in the tissue between the 117. Infants who weigh less than 90% of all
vaginal opening and anus babies of the same gestational age are

- Episiotomy - All of the above

118. A baby may be full term but still be

considered small-for-date.
107. A regional analgesic that can be used
during labor and alleviates most pain. - True

- Epidural block

Chapter 03 ⏐ Infancy and Toddlerhood

108. A surgery to deliver the baby by being 1. The average newborn in the United States
removed through the mother's abdomen. weighs about _______ pounds.
- Cesarean section - 7.5

109. Cesarean sections and induced labor are 2. Newborns typically lose weight in the first few
sometimes used when complications arise. day safter birth.
- True - True

110. When we say that a birth is “induced”, we 3. American baby will _____ their birthweight by
mean that: the time they turn 1 year old.
- The baby was delivered before labor begins - Triple

111. In the Apgar assessment, the P stands for: 4. Our head makes up ________ of our body
length.
- Pulse
- Less

112. The Apgar assessment is used to assess

functioning: 5. We are born with most of the neurons we will
ever have.
- At one and five minutes after birth.
- True

113. We can also assess newborn functioning

using the: 6. ________ are branching extensions that
collecting formation from other neurons.
- Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
- Dendrites

114. A temporary lack of oxygen to the brain that

can result in brain damage. 7. The formation of connections between
neurons is called:
- Anoxia
- Synaptogenesis

115. A baby is considered to be of “low birth

weight” if they weigh less than. 8. The term “synaptic blooming” refers to:
- 5 pounds, 8 ounces - rapid neural growth in infancy and toddler hood

9. Part of the neuron passes messages away

from the cell body and on to other neurons?
116. A baby is considered to be preterm if they
are born before _______ weeks. - Axon
- 37

10. The electrical signal traveling down the axon

is called the:
- Action potential - Neuroplasticity

11. The process through which neural 22. When we refer to infant sleep as
connections are reduced, thereby making those “polyphasic”, we mean that:
that are used much stronger, is called:
- Infants sleep in several periods throughout the
- Synaptic pruning day

12. Which of the following statements about 23. Approximately how much time does a
synaptic pruning is FALSE? newborn sleep during a 24-hour period?

- It is the result of some kind of illness or injury A. 16 hours

to the brain

24. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is

13. Myelin is: identified when:

- A coating of fatty tissues around the axon of - The death of a healthy infant occurs suddenly
the neuron and unexpectedly

14. Which of the following is a function of 25. Rates of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
myelin? began to decline significantly recommendation.

- All of the above - Babies be put to bed on their backs

15. The cortex is: 26. __________ are involuntary movements in

response to stimulation.
- The thin outer covering of the brain involved in
voluntary activity and thinking - Reflexes

16. Is responsible primarily for thinking, 27. The _________ reflex involves turning the
planning, memory, and judgment. head when the cheek is touched.

- Frontal - Rooting

28. Toes fanning out and curling when the sole

of the foot is stroked from heel to toe.
17. For processing information about touch.
- Babinski
- Parietal

29. Within the first few months after birth, some

18. The _________ lobe processes visual
of our reflexes disappear.
information.
- True
- Occipital

30. Reflexes are useful because they:

- All of the above

19. Is responsible for hearing and language.

- Temporal
31. __________ development occurs from head
to tail.
20. The process in which different functions
- Cephalocaudal
become localized primarily on one side

- Lateralization
32. Babies learn to hold their heads up before
they learn to walk.
21. Refers to the brain’s ability to change, both
- Cephalocaudal
physically and chemically.
 44. A newborns’ visual acuity is about:

33. __________ development occurs from the - 20/400

middleoutward.

- Proximodistal
45. Infants will best be able to see things that:

- All of the above

34. All babies should be able to walk, at exactly
the same age or this indicates a serious
problem.

- False 46. Typically, infants can perceive depth in both

real life and pictures by:

- 6 months of age
35. Which term refers to our ability to move our
bodies and manipulate objects?

- Motor skills 47. Infants typically prefer to look at:

- All of the above

36. _______ motor skills focus on the muscles in
our fingers, toes, and eyes
48. Infants appear to be able to hear even
- Fine before they’re born.

- True
37. Using a spoon is an example of a ________
motor skill.
49. Infants are innately ready to respond to the
- Fine sounds of any language, but some of this ability
will be lost by 7or 8 months.

- Synaptic pruning
38. _______ motor skills focus on large muscle
groups that control our head, torso,

- Gross 50. Infants can distinguish familiar from

unfamiliar voices by the time they’re 1 month
old.
39. Running and jumping are examples of
- True
_________motor skills.

- Gross
51. Newborns prefer to hear ______ voice over
other voices.
40. Which typically develops first in infants, the
- Their mother’s
palmer grasp or the pincer grasp?
52. _________ is the surgical removal of the
- Palmer
foreskin ofthe penis.

- Circumcision
41. Grasping an object using the forefinger and
thumb iscalled the:

- Pincer grasp
53. Babies appear to be sensitive to pain, as
42. Grasping an object using the hand and
measured by responses such as increases in
fingers, butnot the thumb, is called the:
heart rate, blood pressure, and stress
- Palmer grasp hormones.

- True

43. Which of the following senses appears to be

leastdeveloped at birth?
54. Newborns can distinguish flavors and show
- Vision a preference for_________ flavors.

- Sweet
 - All of the above

55. Newborns prefer their mother’s smell over

the smellof other mothers.
67. In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development,
- True aframework for organizing information is referred
to asa(n):

- Exemplar
56. Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus
after repeated presentations is called:

- Habituation 68. The process of fitting new information into

anexisting schema is called:

- Assimilation
57. The speed or efficiency with which infants
show habituation

- True 69. Malik has a dog at home and so is familiar

with whata dog is. He sees a bear for the first
time and says“Doggie!” What process is he
58. In general, babies who are fed breast milk using?
have:
- Assimilation
- All of the above

70. The process of expanding the framework

59. In general, women who breastfeed have: ofknowledge to accommodate the new situation
is called:
- All of the above
- Accommodation

60. Breastfed and bottle-fed infants seem to be

equally emotionally healthy. 71. Carmen dog and bear differentiation sit.

- True A. Accommodation

61. According to your textbook, which of the 72. The first stage of cognitive development in
following is NOT a sign that an infant is ready for Piaget’s theory is the:
solid foods?
C. Sensorimotor period
- Has developed at least four teeth

73. (Piaget) In which substage does the infant

62. following statements about introducing solid begin to actively involve their own body
foods to babies is FALSE?
- Primary circular reactions
- Honey is a safe natural sweetener for babies

74. Infant begin to interact with objects in the

63. _________ refers to starvation due to a lack environment, first accidentally and then
of calories and protein. deliberately?

- Infantile marasmus - Secondary circular reactions

64. Children with _________ have diets deficient

in protein
75. Hiromi sees a toy car under the kitchen table
- Kwashiorkor and then crawls, reaches, and grabs the toy.

- Coordination of secondary circular reactions

65. 1 child in every 13 children in the world

suffers from some form of wasting disease.
76. The “little scientist” substage of Piaget’s
- True sensorimotor period is also called:

D. Tertiary circular reactions

66. Early malnutrition is associated with:

77. Rahul has a basic understanding that 88. How we communicate effectively and
objects can be used as symbols and can solve appropriately with others is called:
problems using mental strategies.
- Pragmatics
- Beginning of representational thought

89. the information surrounding language, to

78. __________ is the understanding that even help us interpret it.
if something is out of sight, it still exists.
- All of the above
- Object permanence

90. Crying, gestures, and facial expressions are

79. Although some of Piaget’s ideas appear to all forms of communication
be accurate, he also appeared to underestimate
- True
the abilities of infants.

- True
91. According to your textbook, cooing is defined
as:
80. The inability to recall memories from the first
- A one-syllable combination of a consonant and
few years of life is called:
a vowel sound
- Infantile amnesia

92. According to your textbook, babbling is

81. NOT mentioned in your book as a likely defined as:
cause of infantile amnesia?
- Intentional vocalizations that lack specific
- Repression of traumatic experiences meaning

82. Deferred imitation is: 93. According to your textbook, receptive

language is defined as:
- Imitation of actions after a time delay
- The infant understanding more than they can
say
83. The smallest unit of sound that makes a
meaningful difference in a language
94. According to your textbook, holophrasic
- Phoneme
speech is defined as:

- One-word expressions
84. Your book defines “language” as:

- A system of communication that uses symbols

95. Thinking that a word can be used for only
that particular object

85. A string of one or more phonemes that - Under extension

makes up the smallest units of meaning

- Morpheme
96. a label applies to all objects that are similar
to the original object

86. The set of rules we use to obtain meaning - Overextension

from morphemes is called:
97. The first word of English-speaking children
- Semantics tend to be:

- Nouns

87. The set of rules of a language by which we

construct sentences is called:
98. Utterances such as “Mommy go” or “Daddy
- Syntax shoe” are examples of:

- Telegraphic speech
99. Infant-directed speech is also called: - Temperament

- Baby talk

111. In Chess and Thomas’ system infant

temperaments, which type is most common?
100. Infant-directed speech involves:
- Easy
- All of the above

112. Chess and Thomas’ system, __________

101. Our ability to use language is influenced by
infant is described as being able to quickly
both nature and nurture.
adapt.
- True
- Easy

102. supports the idea that language is not

113. __________ infant is described as being
solely learned from our environment?
one who reacts negatively to new situations,
- All of the above
A. Difficult

103. ________ believed we learn language

114. __________ infant is described as
through association and reinforcement.
being one who has a low activity level
- Skinner
- Slow to warm up

104. ________ believed we learn language

through observation and imitation. 115. styles and communication patterns between
infants and their parents match.
- Bandura
- Goodness of fit

105. ________ believed we learn language due

to a hardwired knowledge 116. refers to an individual’s consistent pattern
of feeling, thinking, and behaving.
- Chomsky
- Personality

106. Chomsky’s terms, how an idea is

represented in the fundamental universal 117. Personality an elaboration and extension of
infant temperament.
- Deep structure
- True

107. In Chomsky’s terms, how an idea is

expressed in any one language is called the: 118. Infants begin to smile at other people at
around:
- Surface structure
- Two months of age

119. Fear in response to the presence of a

108. left hemisphere near the motor cortex, is
stranger is called:
responsible for language production.
- Stranger wariness
- Wernicke’s area

109. next to the auditory cortex, is responsible

for language comprehension. 120. Fear in response to the departure of
significant others is called:
- Wernicke’s area
- Separation anxiety

110. refers to the innate characteristics of the

infant, noticeable soon after birth. 121. The process whereby infants seek out
information from others to clarify a situation.
- Social referencing 132. Erikson, required in order for infants to
successfully resolve the Trust vs. Mistrust?

- The caregiver must be consistently responsive

122. The process whereby we use strategies to
to the child’s needs
control our emotional states.

- Emotional self-regulation
133. Which of the following is NOT part of the
Strange Situation?
123. Which of the following is NOT a basic
- All the furniture is nailed to the ceiling
emotion?

- Shame
134. could result in the infant failing to
successfully resolve the Trust vs. Mistrust?
124. Which of the following is NOT a self-
- A caregiver is unavailable, either emotionally or
conscious emotion?
physically
- Disgust

125. The ability to experience emotions such as

135. In the Strange Situation, a child with a
shame and pride requires the
secure attachment will typically:
- A self-concept
- Behave in inconsistent ways, such as
approaching the mother and then freezing

126. The realization that you are separate from

others is called:
136. In the Strange Situation, a child with a
- Self-awareness disorganized attachment will typically:

- Behave in inconsistent ways, such as

approaching the mother and then freezing
127. the close bond with a caregiver from which
the infant derives a sense of security.

- Attachment 137. In the Strange Situation, a child with an

avoidant attachment will typically:

- Avoid or ignore the mother and show little

128. The infant's need for physical closeness reaction when separated or reunited
and touching is referred to as

D. Contact comfort
138. In the Strange Situation, a child with an
ambivalent attachment will typically:
129. A parental presence that gives the child a - Cling to the caregiver, be upset when the
sense of safety as the child explores the caregiver leaves, but remain upset when the
surroundings. caregiver returns
- Secure base

130. Freud believed that infants became 139. Chaska is upset when his mother leaves,
attached to their mothers because: and is comforted when she returns.
- He believed that infants gained pleasure from - Secure
sucking and mouthing objects.

140. Mei pays little attention to her mother and

131. Bowlby, NOT required in order for infants to doesn’t seem to care whether or not she’s
form healthy attachments present.
- The infant must successfully resolve the crisis - Avoidant
of Trust vs. Mistrust
141. Nnenne clings to her mother, is upset when - All of the above
her mother leaves, but does not calm down her
mother returns.
152. Being able to overcome challenges and
- Ambivalent
successfully adapt is called:

- Resiliency
142. Lyad seems disoriented in the environment,
is upset when his mother leaves, but ignores her
when she returns. 153. Erikson, if a caregiver is overly anxious
about the toddler’s actions for fear that the child
- Disorganized
will get hurt or violate others’ expectations, the
143. In the United States, the most common toddler may fail to successfully achieve:
attachment style appears to be:
- Autonomy
- Secure

154. Erikson, toddlers should be allowed to

144. A large number of behaviors are recorded explore their environment as freely as safety
on cards and the observer sorts the cards in a allows.
way that reflects the type of behavior.
- True
- Q-sort

145. is consistent contact from one or more

155. NOT one of the domains measured by the
caregivers who meet the physical and emotional
Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
needs of the child in a responsive and
appropriate manner. - Mathematics
- Secure

Chapter 04 ⏐ Early Childhood

146. This attachment occurs when the caregiver 1) The ages of two and six years tend to grow
does not provide care and cannot be relied upon about _____ in height each year.
for comfort.
- 3 inches
- Avoidant

2) Children between the ages of two and six

147. This attachment occurs when the parent is years tend
insensitive and responds inconsistently to the
child’s needs. to gain about ________in weight each year.

- Ambivalent - 3 to 5 pounds

148. A(n) _________ attachment is often seen in 3) Growth during childhood occurs in spurts
children who have been abused. instead of a steady continual progression.

- Disorganized - True

149. An infant who does not grow, develop, or 4) the ages of two and six years sometimes
gain weight on schedule is: show a decrease in appetite.

- Non-organic failure to thrive - True

150. Which of the following is associated with 5) the prefrontal cortex, the area of the brain
reactive attachment disorder? behind the forehead, helps us to:

- All of the above - All of the above

151. Children are at risk for developing reactive 6) The human brain reaches 95% of its adult
attachment disorder if they: weight by the time a child is:
- 6 years old - Stays balanced while standing on one foot with
eyes

7) Changes in the human brain that occur

between ages three and six years include: 18) Nyawira can build a block tower of more
than 9 cubes. this tells us her age is
- All of the above
-3

8) The _______ hemisphere of the brain is

heavily involved in language tasks. 19) Bowie is able to put on simple clothes
without help. this tells us that his age is
- Left
-2

9) The ______ hemisphere of the brain is

heavily involved in spatial tasks. 20) Josh can copy a triangle. this tells us that his
age is
- Right
-5

10) is a dense band of fibers that connects the

two hemispheres of the brain. 21) Jessica can cut out a picture using scissors.
this tells us her age is old.
- Corpus callosum
-4

11) brain’s ability to change its structure and

function in response to experience or damage. 22) Minah can pedal a tricycle. this tells us her
age is.
- Neuroplasticity
-3

12 the following fine motor skills could be seen

in a 3-year-old, but not a 2-year-old? 23) Aaron can stay balanced while standing on
one foot with eyes closed. his age is
-Drawing a person with 3 parts
-5

13) following fine motor skills could be seen in a

4-year-old, but not a 3-year-old? 24) Catori can kick a ball without losing balance.
this tells us her age is.
- Can cut out a picture using scissors
-2

14) the following fine motor skills could be seen

in a 5-year-old, but not a 4-year-old? 25) Peter can throw a ball overhand with
coordination. his age is
- Using a knife to spread soft foods
-4

15) the following gross motor skills could be

seen in a 3-year-old, but not a 2-year-old? 26) Children’s early drawings of people are
described using which term?
- Can pedal a tricycle
- Tadpoles

16) the following gross motor skills could be

seen in a 4-year-old, but not a 3-year-old? 27) A sign that a child is ready for toilet training
is that they:
-Throws a ball overhand with coordination
- All of the above

17) the following gross motor skills could be

seen in a 5-year-old, but not a 4-year-old? 28) repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes,
whether deliberate or accidental.
- Enuresis

39) Piaget believed that children pretend play:

29) repeated passage of feces into inappropriate - Both b and c

places, whether deliberate or accidental.

-Encopresis
40) the tendency of young children not to be
able to take the perspective of others

30) All children need the same amount of sleep - Egocentrism

each night, regardless of age.

- False
41) ______________ is the behavior of
attributing life-like qualities to objects.

31) The National Sleep Foundation recommends - Animism

that toddlers get _________ of sleep per night.

- 11-14
42) the tendency of young children to

focus on only one characteristic of an object

32) Sexual behavior such as masturbation is not
- Centration
unusual in young children.

- True
43) the ability to recognize that rearranging
matter does not change the quantity.
33) Young children who grow accustomed to
-Conservation
high fat, very sweet and salty flavors

- True

44) a child as egocentric, we mean that child

34) NOT recommended for encouraging the
has an excessively inflated sense of self-esteem
development of healthy eating habits
and thinks they are superior to others.
- Use dessert as a way to get children to eat
healthy foods - False

35) In Piaget’s ___________ stage of 45) Alex and Daniel different bowl size for ice
development, children use symbols to represent cream sit.
words, images, and ideas.
- Conservation
- Preoperational

46) Alex and Daniel different bowl size for ice

36) In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, cream, Daniel consideration, sit.
the term “operational” refers to:
- Egocentrism
- Logical manipulation of information

47) Juan hide and seek, cover eyes = they

37) Substage of the preoperational stage is cannot see him sit.
characterized by the child being able to mentally
represent an object that is not present and a - Animism
dependence on perception in problem solving.

- Symbolic function
48) Laylah,Doc mcstuffins cup melting sit.

- Scaffolding
38) substage of the preoperational stage is
marked by greater dependence on intuitive
thinking rather than just perception. 49) involves making faulty inferences from one
specific example to another.
- Intuitive thought
- Inconclusive
 60) According to your book, short-term memory
is most similar to:
50) Vygotsky believed that children’s cognitive
skills improved as a result of: - Working memory

- All of the above

61) ___________ is thought to be permanent.

51) A child is in the zone of proximal - Long-term memory

development when:
62) the ability to inhibit a behavior or cognitive
- They can almost perform a task, but not quite flexibility, that enable adaptive responses to new
on their situations or to reach a specific goal are called:

- Executive function

52) is the temporary support that parents or

teachers give a child to do a task.
63) part of the brain appears to be particularly
- Scaffolding important for the development of executive
function?

- Prefrontal cortex
53) Piaget believed that children talked to
themselves because:

- They were egocentric 64) Rehearsing previous material while adding

in additional information is called:

- Clustering rehearsal
54) Vygotsky believed that children talked to
themselves because:

-They were learning to solve problems or clarify 65) older children memory is generally better
thoughts than that of young children due to improvements
in:

- All of the above

55) The ability to switch our focus between tasks
or external stimuli is called:

- Divided attention 66) Declarative memories are also called:

- Explicit

56) The ability to focus on a single task or

stimulus while ignoring distractions
67) Non-declarative memories are also called:
- Selective attention
- Implicit

57) The ability to stay on task for long periods of

68) When we say that a memory is “declarative”
time is called:
or “explicit”, we mean that:
- Sustained attention
- It is a memory for facts or events that we can
consciously recollect

58) the first stage of the memory system and

stores sensory input in its raw form for a very
69) When we say that a memory is “non-
brief duration, just long enough for the brain to
declarative” or “implicit”,
register and start processing the information.
- It is highly automated and does not require
- Sensory memory
conscious recollection

59) the component of memory in which current

70) The factor that distinguishes a semantic
conscious mental activity occurs.
memory from an episodic memory is that:
- Working memory
- It is not tied to a timeline
71) The factor that distinguishes an episodic 82) two people may have different desires
memory from a semantic memory is that: regarding the same object is called:

- It is tied to a timeline - Diverse-desires

72) Remembering the definition of “declarative 83) Children of all cultures understand all of the
memory” is an example of: different components of theory of mind

- Semantic memory -True

73) Remembering the definition of “declarative 84) children learn about__________ new words
memory” is an example of: per week.

- Declarative memory - 10-20

74) Our “personal narrative” is our: 85) Karen “ed” past tense sit.

- Autobiographical memory - Overregularization

75) Neo-Piagetian theories differ from Piaget’s 86) NOT one of the criteria for a high-quality
original theories is that they: preschool as described in your textbook?

- Believe that aspects of information processing, - The majority of children who go there come
not logic, change the complexity of each stage from a high socioeconomic status

76) children to generate theories to explain 87) Why has it been difficult to evaluate the
everything they encounter is called:
effectiveness of the Head Start program?
- Theory-theory
- All of the above

77) The ability to think about other people’s

88) NOT one of the criteria for being diagnosed
thoughts is called:
with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
- Theory of mind
- Below-average scores on IQ tests

78) Learning new words by making connections

89) There is a lot of variation in the range and
between new words and concepts
severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder symptoms.
- Fast mapping
- True

79) a child must think logically about a situation

90) According to your book, __________ have
from the perspective of someone
been found to cause autism.
- Theory of mind
- Trick question! According to your book, none of
these things have been found to cause autism

80) In order to correctly pass the false belief

task, a child must:
91) To produce a healthy resolution of the
- All of the above Initiative vs. guilt crisis, caregivers should:

- Offer praise for the child’s efforts and avoid

being critical of messes or mistakes
81) Children understand all of the different
components of theory of mind at the same age.

- False 92) Our self-description according to various

categories is called our:

- Self-concept
93) Our evaluative judgment about who we are 104) parents are supportive and show interest in
is called our: their kids’ activities, but are not overbearing

- Self-esteem - Authoritative

94) Our focus on external qualities when 105) parents are disengaged from their children.
describing ourselves is called our: They do not make demands on their children
and are non-responsive.
- Categorical self
- Authoritarian

95) Why do young children tend to have a

positive self-image? 106) the traditional model of parenting in which
parents make the rules and children Are
- Because they lack a basis for comparison expected to be obedient.

- Authoritarian
96) Response initiation involves:

- The ability to not initiate a behavior before you 107) holding expectations of children that are
have below what could be reasonably expected from
them.

- Permissive
97) Response inhibition involves:

- The ability to stop a behavior that has already

begun 108) Children of ___________ parents tend to
have greater self-confidence and competence
as a result of their parents’ high but reasonable
98) Delayed gratification involves: expectations.

- The ability to hold out for a larger reward by - Authoritative

forgoing a smaller immediate reward

109) Children of ___________ parents are likely

99) Self-identification based on a continuum to do poorly in school and have poor
from male to female is known as: relationships with peers.

- Gender identity - Uninvolved

100) The expectations associated with being 110) Children of ___________ parents may fear
male or female are known as: rather than respect their parents and may
become aggressive
- Gender roles
toward peers.

- Authoritarian
101) distress a mismatch between one’s gender
identity and biological sex

- Gender dysphoria 111) Children of ___________ parents often fail

to learn self-discipline and may feel somewhat
insecure because they do not know the limits.
102) Children develop their own conceptions of - Permissive
the attributes associated with maleness or
femaleness.

- Gender schemas 112) Baumrind’s parenting styles vary on the

dimensions of:

C. Both a) and b)
103) Gender role expectations appear to
develop largely as a result of the expectations
and experiences.

-True
113) The specific parenting styles and child - True
behaviors that are viewed as ideal vary across
cultures.
123) Which of the following is NOT one of the
- True
four main types of child maltreatment?

- Financial exploitation
114) Socioeconomic status may influence
parenting style by affecting the qualities
124) How does stress negatively affect the
-True
developing child?

- All of the above

Chapter 05 ⏐ Middle and Late Childhood

115) Spanking children appears to be associated
with:

- All of the above 1. Rates of growth generally slow down between

early childhood and adolescence.

- True
116) The quality of sibling interactions is often
difficult to tease out

-True 2. The beginning of the growth spurt, begins two

years earlier for girls than boys.

- True
117) Sibling interactions can help the
development of:

- All of the above 3. Brain development that occurs in middle and

late child involves:

- All of the above

118) In Parten’s play __________ refers to
random behavior without a specific goal.

- Unoccupied play 4. A heavy emphasis on competition and athletic

skill in children’s sports tends to increase
children’s desire to continue playing those
sports.
119) In Parten’s play classification system,
__________ - False
occurs when children interact with each other
and share
5. Children’s participation in sports has been
toys, but are not working toward a common goal. linked to:
- Associative play - All of the above

6. __________ involves watching other play

video games.
120) child development because it:
- E-sports
- All of the above

7. what is the most common reason why

121) In general, children cared for by their
children drop out of sports?
mothers do not develop differently than those
who were cared for by others, such as day care - It was no longer fun
workers.

A. True
8. _________ may limit children’s ability to
participate in sports.
122) Parents and family characteristics, such as - All of the above
income and the amount of cognitive enrichment
in the home, are stronger predictors of child
development than whether or not a child goes to 9. The relationship of height to weight is
day care. expressed in a measure called the:
- Body mass index - Identity

10. children whose BMI is at or above the 85th 21. concrete operational stage, children no
percentile for their age are considered: longer focus on only one dimension of any
object and instead consider the changes in other
- Overweight
dimensions too.

- Decentration
11. children whose BMI is at or above the 95th
percentile for their age are considered:
22. Which of the following skills is NOT required
- Obese
for solving conservation tasks?

- Seriation
12. In children, excess weight is associated with:

- All of the above

23. Changing one quality can be compensated
for by changes in another quality

13. In children, excess weight is associated with: - Conservation

- All of the above

24. The capacity of working memory increases
in childhood due to:
14. Risks of being overweight as a child include:
- All of the above
- All of the above

25. A deficiency occurs when the child does not

15. In Piaget’s concrete operational stage, the spontaneously use a memory strategy.
word “concrete” refers to things that:
- Production
- Can be touched, seen, or experienced directly

26. when the child uses an appropriate strategy,

16. process in which multiple premises believed but it fails to aid their performance.
to be true are combined
- Utilization
-Deductive reasoning

27. when the child does not understand the

17. A child in the concrete operational stage will strategy being taught, and thus, does not benefit
best be able to solve problems that are: from its use.
- Tied to their own experience - Mediation

18. concrete operational stage, children develop 28. The knowledge we have about our own
to build schemata and organize objects in many thinking and our ability to use this awareness to
different ways. regulate our own cognitive processes
- Classification - Metacognition
19. concrete operational stage, children develop
the ability to arrange items along a quantitative
dimension, such as length or weight, in a 29. The detailed examination of beliefs, courses
methodical way. of action, and evidence is called:

- Seriation - Critical thinking

20. concrete operational stage, children develop 30. According to your book, the majority of
the understanding that objects have qualities children around the world are bilingual.
that do not change even if the object is altered in
- True
some way. This is called:
 42. In Sternberg’s triarchic theory, the ability to
solve academic problems and perform
31. __________ disorders affect the rate of
calculations
speech.
- Analytical intelligence
- Fluency

43. Sternberg believes that traditional

32. __________ disorders affect the ability to
intelligence over emphasize the measurement
correctly produce speech sounds.
of:
- Articulation
- Analytical intelligence

33. affect the ability to produce speech sounds

44. is directed toward finding the correct answer
with appropriate pitch and loudness.
to a given problem is called:
- Voice
C. Convergent

34. The most common fluency disorder is:

45. the ability to generate many different ideas
- Stuttering or solutions to a single problem

- Divergent

35. The first intelligence test was developed in:

- France 46. Creativity is more strongly associated with

________ thinking.

- Divergent
36. The goal of the first intelligence test was to:

- Identify children who would not be successful

with the regular school 47. Taking on projects for interest instead of
money is called

- Intrinsic interest
37. the first to propose that intelligence was a
single construct that underlies all cognitive
abilities and skills.
48. Viewing problems in new and different ways
- Spearman is called:

D. Imaginative thinking

38. The general intelligence factor involves the

ability to:
49. are people who score low on intelligence
- All of the above tests but may have exceptional skills in a given
domain.
39. evidence for both a general intelligence
factor and specific intelligence in certain - Autistic savants
domains.

- True
50. Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences is
based on:

40. Sternberg’s triarchic theory the ability to - All of the above

adapt to new situations and create new ideas is
called:
51. Gardner’s, ______________ intelligence the
- Creative intelligence
ability to move the body in sports, dance, or
other physical activities.

41. Sternberg’s triarchic theory the ability to - Kinesthetic

demonstrate common sense and “street smarts”

- Practical intelligence
52. A test that is ___________ provides
consistent results over time.
- Reliable -True

53. measures what it is supposed to measure 64. disorder caused by the presence of all or
part of an extra 21st chromosome.
- Valid
- Down syndrome

54. has been given to a large number of people

at different ages and each age level’s average 65. The severity of intellectual disability is
score on the test has been computed to see how determined by:
these people typically perform.
- How well the person handles everyday life
- Standardized tasks

55. Scores on intelligence tests worldwide have 66. Someone with an IQ score below 70 is likely
increased substantially over the past decades. to be diagnosed with:

- Flynn effect - Intellectual disability

56. the Flynn effect is potentially explained by: 67. People with an IQ of 130 or higher are
classified as:
- Better nutrition
- Gifted

57. The age at which a person is performing

68. Parents who have higher levels of income,
intellectually is called
occupational status, can be used to improve a
- Socioemotional child's education.

-Family capital

58. The formula of “mental age ÷ chronological

age × 100”
69. Lewis Terman’s longitudinal study of gifted
- IQ score children revealed that they had significant
mental health problems compared to children
who were not gifted.
59. Your textbook defines “intelligence quotient” - False
(IQ) as:
70. Teachers tend to be most receptive to
- A measure of intelligence that is adjusted for support, praise and agreement coming from
age parents who are most similar to them in race
and social class.

- True
60. What is considered “smart” may vary
according to culture.

- True 71. can affect how children are perceived by

their teachers and peers, and ultimately how
successful they are in school.
61. Intelligence tests and definitions of
- All of the above
intelligence have been criticized for:

- All of the above

72. affect how children are perceived by their
teachers and peers, and ultimately how
62. the pattern of scores usually observed in a successful they are in school.
variable that clusters around its average
- All of the above
- Normal distribution

73. to measure what a child has already learned

63. boys are more likely to fall in the extreme and are often the basis for measuring school
ends of the distribution of IQ quality for initiatives
A. Aptitude tests

84. This law prohibited discrimination on the

basis of disability and applied to all employment
74. impairment of academic learning that
and public places
interferes with a specific aspect of schoolwork
and reduces a student's academic performance - Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
significantly.

-A learning disability
85. This law requires public schools to provide a
free and appropriate education for anyone with a
disability.
75. A student cannot be diagnosed as having a
learning disability if their academic difficulties are - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of
caused by: 1975

- All of the above

86. Which of the following is part of the

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act?
76. a type of learning disability, involves having
difficulty in the area of reading. - All of the above

- Dyslexia

87. to act in such a way as to make what you

predict will happen actually come true.
77. a type of learning disability, involves having
difficulty in the area of mathematics. - Self-fulfilling prophecy

- Dyscalculia

88. Our beliefs about our general personal

identity are our:
78. a type of learning disability, involves having
difficulty with writing. - Self-concept

- Dysgraphia

89. children in middle and late childhood differ in

their self-concept in that they:
79. Children with ADHD may show behavior that
is: - All of the above

- All of the above

90. Our evaluation of our own identity

- Self-esteem

80. ADHD only affects people during childhood,

not as adults.
91. you are capable of carrying out a specific
- False task or of reaching a specific goal.

- Self-efficacy

81. Sugar has been conclusively found to cause

ADHD.
92. children who believe they can achieve
- False something are likely to attempt it, and children
who believe they will be unsuccessful are
unlikely to attempt it.
82. Children with ADHD may have a genetic
- True
aberration that affects their brain’s use of:

- Dopamine
93. In Kohlberg’s theory of morality, (such as
getting rewards and avoiding punishment) is
83. This law required that individuals with
- Preconventional
disabilities be accommodated in any program
that receives federal funding.

- Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504

94. Kohlberg’s theory of morality, moral - Normative expectation
reasoning is based on care for others

- Conventional
105. three stages in children’s friendships.
friendship focuses on commitment and sharing
intimate information.
95. In Kohlberg’s theory of morality, a person
who reasons about right and wrong - Empathy and understanding

- Postconventional

106. friends as loyal, committed to the

relationship, share intimate information.
96. Simon obeys his parent because he is afraid
he will be punished if he doesn’t. - Empathy and understanding

- Preconventional

107. Selman five stages of friendship. In stage

0, “momentary physical interaction”
97. Nina finds someone’s wallet and returns it
because she doesn’t want them to be - Someone who you are playing with at this point
inconvenienced. in time

- Conventional

108. Selman five stages of friendship. In stage

1, called “one-way assistance”
98. Charles feels that it’s unfair that women get
paid less than men do, so he participates in a - Someone who does nice things for you
protest march

- Postconventional
109. Selman five stages of friendship. stage 2,
“fair-weather cooperation”

99. Kohlberg’s theory of morality has been - Someone who returns a favor
criticized on the grounds that it:

- All of the above

110. Selman five stages of friendship. stage 3,
“intimate and mutual sharing”

100. middle and late childhood, peers play an - Someone who you can tell things you would
increasingly important role in children’s lives. tell no one else

- True

101. Bigelow and Gaipa. In the _ stage, 111. Selman five stages of friendship in stage 4,
friendship focuses on mutual activities. “autonomous interdependence”

- Reward-cost - Someone who accepts you and that you

accept as they are

102. Bigelow and Gaipa. children emphasize

similar interests as the main characteristics of a 112. Popularity, or attraction between members
good friend. of a group, measured using a

- Reward-cost - Sociometric assessment

103. three stages in children’s friendships. 113. Sociometric assessment techniques for
friendship focuses on conventional morality. measuring popularity. Children who receive
many votes in “like”, and few “do not like”
- Normative expectation
- Popular

104. three stages in children’s friendships.

children describe a friend as someone who is 114. Sociometric assessment techniques for
kind and shares with you. measuring popularity. Children who are
mentioned frequently in each category.
- Controversial

126. A good home environment is one in which:

115. Sociometric assessment techniques for - The child's physical, cognitive, emotional, and
measuring Children who receive more social
unfavorable votes and few favorable ones

- Rejected
127. Children LGBTQ couples appear to be
nearly identical to children of heterosexual
couples
116. Sociometric assessment techniques for
measuring. Children who receive a few positive - True
votes with very few negative ones
128. the following situations might a child
- Controversial experience following their parents’ divorce?

- All of the above

117. Sociometric assessment techniques for

measuring Children who receive very few
129. most children of divorce lead happy, well-
votes in either category adjusted lives.

- Neglected - True

118. Popular-_________ children are nice and 130. kids whose parents get divorced are
have good social skills. themselves more likely to divorce as adults.

- Prosocial - True

131. A primary factor influencing the way that

children adjust to divorce appears to be the way
119. Popular-_____ children gain popularity by
the custodial parent adjusts to the divorce.
acting tough or spreading rumors
- True
- Antisocial

120. Rejected-_________ children are

ostracized because they are antagonistic

- Aggressive

121. Rejected-_________ children are shy and

withdrawn and are easy targets

- Withdrawn

122. Unwanted, aggressive behavior that

involves a real or perceived power

- Bullying

123) Cyberbullying is particularly difficult to

address because it:

- All of the above

124. ____________ are at particular risk for

being bullied.

- All of the above

125. bullies are commonly portrayed as having

low self-esteem.

- True
Chapter 06 ⏐ Adolescence

1. growth proceeds from the extremities toward 13. girls experience puberty is the same across
the torso. This is referred to as: racial, ethnic, and cultural groups.

- Distalproximal development - True

2. Your textbook defines puberty as: 14. For girls, early puberty is associated with:

- A period of rapid growth and sexual maturation - All of the above

3. Puberty begins about two years earlier in girls 15. Boys who mature early are likely to
than in boys. experience difficulty in peer relationships.

- True - False

4. __________ sexual characteristics are 16. Brain maturation during adolescence

changes in the reproductive organs. involves:

- Primary - All of the above

5. __________ sexual characteristics are visible 17. The changes that occur in adolescents’
physical changes brains allow the brain to:

- Secondary - All of the above

6. The term “menarche” refers to: 18. The limbic system:

- The first menstrual period - Regulates emotion and reward

7. The term “spermarche” refers to: 19. control of impulses, organization, planning,
and making good decisions.
- The first ejaculation of semen
- Corpus callosum

8. Women are born with all of their eggs already

produced, not all will mature. 20. The prefrontal cortex does not fully develop
until our mid-20s.
- True
- True

9. Males produce their sperm on a cycle.

21. can result in risky behavior, poor decision
- True making, and weak emotional

- Limbic system and prefrontal cortex

10. The skin condition caused by overactive
sebaceous glands is:

- Acne 22. In decision-making, adolescents tend to

focus more on rewards than on risks.

- True
11. According to your book, boys are more likely
than girls to develop acne because of:

- Higher levels of testosterone 23. _____________ is a naturally occurring

chemical involved in reward circuits.

- Dopamine
12. girls today are experiencing puberty at
younger ages than in previous generations.

- True
24. a naturally occurring chemical which 35. has parents of adolescents with anorexia
facilitates bonding nervosa be actively involved

- Oxytocin - Maudsley

25. In general, it appears that most adolescents 36. helps people with eating disorders by
do not get enough sleep. identifying distorted thinking patterns

- True - Cognitive-behavioral therapy

26. To support adolescents’ later sleeping 37. “abstract” to refer to principles such as
schedule, school not begin any earlier than: freedom and morality, we mean that:

- 8:30 a.m. - They have no physical reference

27. As adolescents go through puberty, their 38. Developing hypotheses based on what might
circadian rhythms change. logically occur is called:

- Both A and B - Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

28. Teenage birth rates in the United States are 39. Adolescents demonstrate hypothetical-
higher than most developed countries. deductive reasoning instead of solving
- True - Trial and error

29. Parental involvement and guidance to factor 40. If A > B and B > C, then A > C. This
in preventing teen pregnancy. relationship is called:
- True - Transitivity

30. Adolescent mothers are: 41. Which of the following illustrates the principle
- All of the above of transitivity?

B. If A > B and B > C, then A > C

31. Eating disorders do not appear to have a

biological or genetic component. 42. Piaget have been incorrect in believing that
B. False everyone eventually attained the ability to use
formal operations.

- True
32. Aaliyah has recurrent episodes of binge
eating followed by a “purge” using laxatives.

- Bulimia nervosa 43. The heightened self-focus that many

adolescents experience is called:

- Egocentrism
33. Thomas restricts his food intake because he
has an intense fear of gaining weight

- Anorexia nervosa 44. belief that those around them are as

concerned and focused on their appearance

- Invisible audience
34. Health consequences of eating disorders
include:
45. The adolescent’s belief that belief that one is
- All of the above
unique and special is called:

- Personal fable
46. Thinking about one’s thoughts and feelings 57. The percentage of 16- to 24-year-olds who
is called: are not enrolled in school and do not have high
school credentials
- Introspection
- Status dropout rate

47. Approaching problems at a level that is too

complex and failing because the tasks are too 58. U.S. the dropout rate among high school
simple students was ________ in 2013.

- Pseudostupidity - 7%

48. When people pretend to be what they are 59. which of the following groups has the highest
not, this is called: high school dropout rate?

- Hypocrisy - Hispanic

49. Insisting upon high standards of behavior is 60. teenagers who work more than 20 hours a
called: week are at risk for:

- Idealism - All of the above

50. Self-regulation, or the ability to control

impulses, is especially likely to fail when: 61. Which of the following statistics about
- The environment is unstimulating teenage drivers is FALSE?

- Fatal crashes involving alcohol use are higher

among
51. Inductive reasoning can be defined as:

- Using specific observations, or specific

comments from those in authority 62. the teen’s understanding of self is often full
of contradictions.

- True
52. Deductive reasoning can be defined as:

- Proposing specific conclusions based on a

general overarching principle 63. Feeling competent is associated with high
self-esteem. NOT one of those areas?

- Academic performance
53. more likely to produce accurate results,
inductive reasoning or deductive reasoning?

- Deductive, assuming that the premises on 64. The term “psychological moratorium” means
which it is that:

- Teenagers put on hold commitment to an

identity while exploring the options
54. The notion that humans have two distinct
networks (intuitive and analytic)

- Dual-process 65. Erikson believed that the primary

psychosocial task of adolescence was:

- Establishing an identity
55. In the dual-process model, ___________ is
automatic, unconscious, and fast

- Intuitive 66. Marcia’s theory of identity formation, identity

diffusion is a status who:

- Have neither explored the options, nor made a

56. In the dual-process model, ___________ is commitment to an identity
deliberate, conscious, and rational.

- Analytic

67. Marcia’s theory of identity formation, identity

achievement is a status that
- After exploration have made a commitment - Bicultural identity

68. According to Marcia’s theory of identity 79. In general, parents tend to be more
formation, identity moratorium is a status controlling of sons than daughters.

- Are actively exploring in an attempt to establish - False

an

80. conflicts teenagers and their parents appear

69. According to Marcia’s theory of identity to center around issues of control.
formation, identity foreclosure is a
- True
- Have made a commitment to an identity
without having explored the options
81. spend time together in a “birds of a feather
flock together” way.
70. Arjun course searching and settling sit.
C. Homophily
- Identity achievement

82. Sometimes peers reinforce problem

71. Ammon doesn’t pay much attention to behavior by laughing
political sit.
- Deviant peer contagion
- Identity diffusion

83. Cliques are:

72. Rhiannon has many different career
- Groups of individuals who interact frequently
interests. she hasn’t yet found one sit.

- Identity moratorium
84. Cliques are:

- Groups characterized more by shared

73. Wei plans to vote the same way her parents
reputations or images than actual interactions
do sit.
behaviors
- Identity foreclosure

85. Dating serves many purposes for teens,

74. Determining our own ethnic identity involves: including:

- All of the above - All of the above

75. someone who has given little thought to their 86. the same-sex peer groups that were
ethnic heritage and possibly adopted the common during childhood expand into mixed-
ethnicity of parents or relatives. sex peer groups, and romantic relationships
often form in the context of these mixed-sex
- Unexamined ethnic identity
peer groups.

A. True

Chapter 07 ⏐ Emerging and Early Adulthood

76. someone who has immersed themselves in
their ethnic culture is in the stage of:
1) The period between the late teens and early
- Ethnic identity search
twenties (roughly ages 18-25) is called:

- Emerging adulthood
77. The term “MAMA cycling” refers to:

- Moving back and forth between moratorium

and achievement
2) Emerging adults change jobs, relationships,
and residences more frequently than other age
78. Seeing ourselves as part of both the ethnic groups.
minority group and larger society is
- Instability
3) Emerging adulthood is often a time of 12) who are more likely to live with their parents,
optimism because many of our dreams have yet young men or young women?
to be tested.
- Young men
- Possibilities

13) the rates of men living at home vs with a

4) Emerging adults are likely to answer “yes and partner were similar to each other until
no” to the question of whether or not they fully
- 1940
feel like adults.

- Feeling in-between
14) discrepancy in rates of young adults
(regardless of gender) living at home vs with a
5) Emerging adults realize that they have few partner occurred in
obligations to others and that this is the time
- 1960
where they can do what they want.

- Self-focus
15) By 2014, more adults were living in their
parents’ homes than were living with a spouse or
6) Emerging adults often spend a lot of time partner.
thinking about their career choices and ideas
- All of the above
about intimate relationships, setting the
foundation for adulthood.

- Identity exploration 16) People in their mid-twenties to mid-forties

are considered to be in:

- Early adulthood
7) Emerging adulthood looks the same in all
countries, regardless of culture.

- False 17) Many adults in their early twenties are at the

peak of their physiological development in terms
of muscle strength, reaction time, sensory
8) Compared to many other regions, emerging abilities, and cardiac functioning.
adulthood seems to be particularly prolonged in
- True
Europe.

- Widely available government support for things

like education and housing 18) Many changes that we associate with the
aging process begin around age:

- 30
9) Compared to people from other backgrounds,
emerging adults with an Asian background are
more likely to
19) Aging-related changes that begin in our 30s
- Being able to financially support their parents commonly include:

- All of the above

10) Compared to Europe, Asian cultures
traditionally place a heavier emphasis on
20) Aging-related changes that begin in our 30s
- Collectivism
- All of the above

21) __ is expressed as weight in kilograms

divided by height in meters squared.
11) Due to changes in economic and social - Body mass index
conditions, marriage and parenthood are no
longer universally considered as the important
markers of adulthood in Western cultures.
22) A person with a body mass index (BMI) of
- True 30.0-39.9 will be classified as:
- Obese - 6 weeks

23) more American adults were classified as 33) Emerging adults (18 to 25) are the largest
obese in 2015 than in 2003-2004. abusers of prescription opioid pain relievers

- 5.9% - True

24) Obesity most likely results from complex 34) emerging adults died from a prescription
interactions among the environment and multiple drug overdose, _______ times
genes.
- Four
- True

35) College students tend to smoke less (both

25) Which of the following is NOT one of the top marijuana and tobacco) than same-age peers
five causes of death in young adults? who are not in college.

- Diabetes - True

26) alcohol-impaired driving fatalities accounted 36) refers to physical or physiological differences
for __ of overall driving fatalities. between males, females, and intersex persons

- 31% b) Sex

27) The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and 37) refers to social or cultural distinctions
Alcoholism defines binge drinking as having associated with physical or physiological
alcohol concentration level of at differences between males, females, and
intersex persons.
- 0.08 g/dL
- Gender

28) College students aged 18-22 are

significantly more likely to have consumed 38) Scholars regard gender as a ________, it
alcohol within the previous month does not exist naturally, but is instead a concept

- True - Social construct

29) Consequences of college drinking are likely 39) Characteristics of _______ will not vary
to include: significantly between different human societies,
but characteristics of ________ may vary greatly
- All of the above
between different

- Sex, gender
30) College students view perpetrators who
were drinking as less responsible, and victims
who were drinking as more responsible for the 40) __________ is a person's sense of self as a
assaults. member of a particular gender.

- True - Gender identity

41) identify with a role that corresponds to the

sex assigned to them at birth are:
31) Factors that affect college students’
consumption of alcohol include: c) Cisgender

- All of the above

42) Individuals who identify with a role that is

different from their biological sex are:
32) In terms of college students’ involvement
with alcohol, the first _________ of freshman a) Transgender
year are an especially susceptible time for
students.
43) Which culture sometimes uses the term 53) The hormone oxytocin:
“two-spirit” to describe gender-variant individuals
- Is released during sexual intercourse when an
in their communities?
orgasm is achieved
d) indigenous North American

54) Follicle-stimulating hormone:

44) A transvestite is a person who dresses and
- Is responsible for ovulation in females and
acts in a style associated with another sex, but
stimulates sperm production in males
does not identify with that role.

- True
55) The hormone vasopressin:

- Is involved in the male arousal phase

45) refers to society's concept of how men and
women are expected to act and behave.

- Gender role 56) The luteinizing hormone:

- Triggers the release of a mature egg in females

during the process of ovulation
46) Sexual motivation, often referred to as
________, is a person's overall sexual drive

- Libido 57) In women, estrogen tends to ________ the

motivation to engage in sexual behavior.

- Increase
47) Kinsey’s model of the sexual response, the
_______ phase is in which the intrinsic (inner)
motivation to pursue sex arises.
58) progesterone tends to ________ the
- Resolution motivation to engage in sexual behavior.

- Decrease
48) In Kinsey’s model of the sexual response
cycle, the_______ phase is which sexual
excitement occurs with increased heart rate 59) Women and men tend to reach their sexual
peak at different ages.
- Excitement
- True

49) In Kinsey’s model of the sexual response

cycle, the _______ phase is the phase in which 60) prevent transmission of sexually transmitted
there is the release of tension. infections is to practice safe sex and avoid direct
contact of skin or fluids
- Plateau
- True

50) In Kinsey’s model of the sexual response

cycle, the _______ period is the unaroused state 61) female sexuality, can be both empowering
before the cycle begins again. and problematic.

- Resolution - True

51) small area at the base of the brain consisting 62) is their emotional and sexual attraction to a
of several groups of nerve-cell particular sex or gender.

- Hypothalamus - Sexual orientation thing

52) the following structures synthesizes and 63) Sexual orientation appears to occur along a
secretes the hormone melatonin? continuum rather than being a dichotomous
variable.
- Pineal gland
a) True
64) People who are pansexual are: - False

- Attracted to all sexes and genders

75) The rate of college attainment has grown

more slowly in the United States than in a
65) A society that supports heterosexuality as
number of other nations in recent years.
the norm is called:
- The high cost of college education
- Heteronormative

76) College education appears to be associated

66) Internalized homophobia occurs when:
with:
- People with same-sex attractions internalize, or
- All of the above
believe, society's negative views and/or hatred
of themselves

77) According to your textbook, children are

likely to select careers based on:
67) More research needs to be done to examine
the experiences of LGBT individuals who are - What appears glamorous or exciting
nonwhite.

- True
78) Millennials are more likely to report wanting
a career that:

68) LGBT people who are nonwhite may face - Gives them a sense of purpose and engages
homophobic attitudes from people in their them
racial/ethnic group as well

- True
79) The term “NEET” refers to someone who:

- Is not in education, employment, or training

69) Research has shown that gay, lesbian, and
bisexual teenagers are at a higher risk of
depression and suicide due to: 80) According to Table 7.2 on page 253, in the
United States, NEETs are more likely to
- All of the above
- All of the above

70) Adolescents tend to think in ________,

meaning that things are assumed to be solely 81) Jobs that have been traditionally held by
one way or another women tend to have lower:
- Dichotomies - All of the above

71) the ability to bring together salient aspects of 82) Sexism or gender discrimination is prejudice
two opposing viewpoints or positions. based on a person's sex or gender. Extreme
sexism may foster:
- Dialectical thought
- All of the above

72) According to your book, postformal thought

involves: 83) _____________ involves discriminatory
practices, statements, or actions, based on a
- All of the above
person's sex, that occur in the workplace.

- Occupational sexism
73) Which of the following statements about
postformal thought is FALSE?
84) The Council of Economic Advisors (2015)
- Everyone develops the ability to reason
found that women are paid approximately
abstractly
________ of what men earn.

- 75%
74) Approximately half of 18-to-24-year-olds are
enrolled in college.
85) having an easy temperament in infancy grow 95) which an adult worries about whether their
up to be well-adjusted adults. partner really loves them is called:

- True - Attachment-related anxiety

86) defined as the innate characteristics of the 96) The extent to which an adult feels they can
infant, including mood, activity level, open up to, trust, and depend on others

- Temperament - Attachment-related avoidance

87) The term “epigenesis” refers to: 97) Maggie is trusting of her partner and does
not feel that she has to worry about the status of
- How environmental factors are thought to
their relationship.
change gene expression by switching genes on
and off - Secure

88) defined as a person’s characteristic manner 98) Bai is in a relationship but does not fully trust
of thinking, feeling, behaving her partner and thus does not share her dreams,
goals, and fears with them.
- Personality
- Dismissing-avoidant

89) in the Five-Factor Model of personality is

associated with curiosity and an appreciation for 99) Larry is very jealous and worries that his
a variety of experiences? partner does not love him as much as he loves
his partner.
- Openness to experience
- Preoccupied

90) Five-Factor Model of personality is a

tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, 100) Raul wants close relationships, but does
and aim for achievement? not feel comfortable getting emotionally close to
others.
- Conscientiousness
- Fearful-avoidant

91) Five-Factor Model of personality is

associated with a tendency to be compassionate 101) NOT one of the adult attachment styles in
and cooperative? Hazan and Shaver’s model?

- Agreeableness c) Disorganized

92) Five-Factor Model of personality is 102) Maggie is trusting of her partner and does
associated with a tendency to experience not feel that she has to worry about the status of
negative emotions? their relationship. In Hazan and Shaver.

- Neuroticism -Secure

103) Bai is in a relationship but does not fully

trust her partner and thus does not share her
93) Five-Factor Model of personality is
dreams, goals, and fears with them. In Hazan
associated with a tendency to seek out
and Shaver.
stimulation and the company of others?
- Avoidant
- Extraversion

104) Larry is worried that his partner does not

94) which of the following personality traits tends
love him as much as he loves his partner. In
to increase with age?
Hazan and Shaver’s
- Conscientiousness
- Anxious-ambivalent
105) The dimensions of attachment in 115) friendships shared by women, and the
Bartholomew’s theory are: topics of the interactions that occur, tend to differ
from those shared by men.
- Avoidance and anxiety
- True

106) Adults with secure attachment styles tend

to attract romantic partners who also have 116) NOT one of the three main components of
secure attachment styles. love described in Sternberg’s triarchic theory of
love?
- Secure people are more likely to be attracted
to other secure people - Proximity

107) Early attachment styles with parents 117) In Sternberg’s triarchic theory of love, the
appear to influence the attachment styles people ability to share feelings, personal thoughts and
develop as adults. psychological closeness

- True - Intimacy

108) Both sibling and parent relationships must 118) In Sternberg’s triarchic theory of love, the
often be reappraised in adulthood. conscious decision to stay together is called:

- True - Commitment

109) According to Erikson’s, intimate 119) In Sternberg’s triarchic theory of love, the
relationships are more difficult if one is still intense, physical attraction partners
struggling with identity.
- Passion
- True

120) Victor had an immediate, intense physical

110) Your book defines “attraction” as:
attraction to Claire when he met her, although
- What makes people like, and even love, each they don’t have a relationship and don’t know
other each other well.

- Infatuation

111) Your book defines “proximity” as: 121) Casey and Ashton spend a lot of time
together, are physically attracted to one another,
- The extent to which people are physically near
and enjoy their closeness, but have not made
us
plans to continue their relationship long-term.

- Romantic love
112) Your book defines “consensual validation”
as:
122) Larry has a strong attraction to Renee and
- Having others like and believe in the same
wants to be in a committed relationship with her
things we do
despite not knowing her well, so his commitment
is premature.

113) Your book defines “mere exposure” as: - Fatuous love

- The tendency to prefer stimuli including people 123) Elizabeth and Stephanie share a lot of
that we have seen more frequently personal information with each other, but are not
physically attracted to each other and do not see
their relationship as a long-term deal.
114) The tendency to communicate frequently, - Liking
without fear of reprisal, and in an accepting and
empathetic manner

- Self-disclosure 124) Alan and Louis have been together for over
20 years. They share details of their lives with
each other and are still attracted to each other
after all this time.
- Consummate love - All of the above

125) Ramesh and Gita are in a committed 136) marriage has declined during the last
relationship and love and respect each other, but several decades, with the biggest drops in
there is no physical attraction. marriage mostly in poorer countries.

- Companionate love - False

126) Leonard and Brenda are married they’re 137) indicate the groups we should marry within
only staying together for the sake of the children. and those we should not marry in.

- Empty love - Endogamy

127) According to your book, young adults are 138) Marriage between people who share social
likely to stay single due to: characteristics is called:

- All of the above - Homogamy

128) evidence that traditional forms of dating 139) more and more young couples are
have shifted to more casual _______ involve choosing their partners, even in nations where
uncommitted sexual encounters. arranged marriages are still norm.
- True
- Hookups
140) Gottman identified four predictors of marital
harmony. Which of the following is NOT one of
129) Relationships that involve friends having them?
casual sex without commitment are
- Fidelity
- Friends with benefits

141) Gottman’s of marital harmony is the

130) men demonstrate a greater permissiveness strongest sign that a relationship is destined to
regarding casual sex fail?

- True - Stonewalling

131) Potential negative consequences of 142) When the relationship is generally positive,
hookups include: this can help the overall relationship in times of
conflict.
- All of the above
- Accumulated positive deposits

132) Smith and Anderson, _______ of adults

reported using online dating. 143) in _ women have been severely physically
abused by an intimate partner.
- 27%
- 1 in 4

133) Online dating sites and social network

sites: 144) Women who experience intimate partner
violence often are subjected to different patterns
- All of the above of violence than men

- True
134) Compared to in-person, online
communication:
145) less likely than women to experience these
- All of the above things, men may still experience forms of
intimate partner abuse

- True
135) The rise of cohabitation in Western cultures
has been attributed to:
146) Compared to previous generations, today’s
parents are more likely to be:

- All of the above

147) Not only do parents affect their children,

children influence their parents.

- Bidirectional

148) Parenting behaviors and beliefs may be

influenced by:

- All of the above