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Class8 Rational Numbers Notes

Rational numbers are defined as numbers that can be expressed in the form p/q, where p and q are integers and q is not zero. Key properties include closure under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, as well as the existence of identity and inverse elements. The document also covers standard form, comparison, operations, and representation on a number line.

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74 views3 pages

Class8 Rational Numbers Notes

Rational numbers are defined as numbers that can be expressed in the form p/q, where p and q are integers and q is not zero. Key properties include closure under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, as well as the existence of identity and inverse elements. The document also covers standard form, comparison, operations, and representation on a number line.

Uploaded by

veerahagare
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Class 8 Maths - Rational Numbers

1. DEFINITION:

A rational number is a number that can be expressed in the form p/q, where p and q are integers

and q != 0.

Examples: 1/2, -3/4, 5, 0, -7 etc.

2. PROPERTIES OF RATIONAL NUMBERS:

(i) Closure:

- Rational numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication.

e.g., 2/3 + 3/4 = 17/12 (rational)

(ii) Commutative Property:

- Addition and multiplication are commutative.

a + b = b + a, a × b = b × a

(iii) Associative Property:

- Addition and multiplication are associative.

(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

(iv) Existence of Identity:

- Additive identity is 0: a + 0 = a

- Multiplicative identity is 1: a × 1 = a
(v) Existence of Inverse:

- Additive inverse of a is -a.

- Multiplicative inverse of a is 1/a, if a != 0.

(vi) Distributive Property:

- a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c

3. STANDARD FORM:

- A rational number is said to be in standard form when the numerator and denominator have no

common factor (except 1), and the denominator is positive.

4. COMPARISON OF RATIONAL NUMBERS:

- Convert rational numbers to like denominators and compare numerators.

5. ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION:

- Convert to like denominators and then perform operation.

6. MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION:

- Multiply numerators and denominators directly.

- For division, multiply by the reciprocal of the divisor.

7. REPRESENTATION ON NUMBER LINE:

- Mark rational numbers on number line by dividing units accordingly.

8. IMPORTANT NOTES:

- Every integer is a rational number.


- Every natural number is a rational number.

- Every rational number is not an integer.

EXAMPLES:

1. Is 4 a rational number?

Yes, 4 = 4/1

2. Find additive inverse of -7/9

Answer: 7/9

3. Multiply: (-3/5) × (10/9)

Answer: -30/45 = -2/3

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