A TECHNICAL REPORT ON

STUDENTS’ WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAMME (SWEP)

UNDERTAKEN AT BELLS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,

OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

BY

KELANI KHADIJAT AYOMIPO

2020/9535

OF GROUP ONE

SUBMITTED TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

BELLS UNIVERSITYOF TECHNOLOGY OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE AWARD OF THE BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B. ENG)

DEGREE IN MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

SEPTEMBER 2022.
CERTIFICATION
This is to that KELANI KHADIJAT AYOMIPO with Matriculation number 2020/9535 of the

Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Bells University of

Technology, Ogun State has successfully completed her eight weeks of the Students’ Work

Experience Programme in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Bachelor of

Technology (B. Tech) Degree in MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING.

Supervisor: ENGR. Dele

Signature: ………………………

SWEP COORDINATOR: ENGR. Joseph Oyebanji

Signature: …………………………

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 DEDICATION

This report is dedicated to God Almighty, for his unending grace and protection throughout the

duration of this SWEP programme.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank Almighty Allah for his grace and protection which he showered on me

during this programme. I would not have been able to accomplish so much in this little period I

spent on this programme.

I wish to express my appreciation to my dearest parents and siblings for the support and constant

assistance towards the completion of this programme without any discomfort or complications.

I wish to acknowledge my dearest supervisor in person of ENGR. Dele and the SWEP Chairman,

ENGR. Oyebanji and all other SWEP staffs for their guidance throughout this program.

Lastly, I would like to show my appreciation to Ojiugo, Mariam and my friends and group

members that assisted me and made this programme really fun.

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 ABSTRACT

This technical report entails my student work practice at Bells university of technology, this

training covers a month and three weeks shedding light on the technical skills gained during this

period and how it can be of optimum use to student in building and thriving the nation.

This report has helped majority of students in enhancing their practical aspects while still giving

them a well detailed view of major aspect in their training profession, with this student work

practice programme I can say I have achieved and acquired knowledgeable skill I never saw

myself acquiring.

My student work experience programme was done at The Bells university of technology Otta,

which covered the space of a month and three week, and in this report I gave an overview of my

full experience while training, the knowledge acquired, training skills learnt and how it can be of

major benefit to people interested in majoring in engineering field.

This report covers my whole experience from the very first day to the last day containing all

attained information and acquired knowledge throughout my stay.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Certification………………………………………………………………………….I

Dedication……………………………………………………………………………..II

Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………….III

Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………….IV

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION……………………………………………….

1.1 BACKGROUND OF REPORT…………………………………

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT……………………………………..

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES……………………………………..

1.4 JUSTIFICATION OF THE REPORT………………………….

CHAPTER TWO: WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAM

2.1 Overview of the orientation …………………………………………

2.2 Paint production and application………………………………………..

2.3 Production of interlocking tiles………………………………………

2.4 Production of waste basket from wire

mesh………………………………….

2.5 Fundamental of electronics…………………………………………………..

2.6 Power and machine fundamentals…………………………………

2.7 Mechanical workshop machineries………………………………..

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 2.8 Welding and fabrication……………………………………………

2.9 Wood work……………………………………………..

CHAPTER THREE:

3.1 Conclusion…………………………………………….

3.2 Recommendation………………………………………..

References

VI
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF REPORT

SWEP (student work experience programme) as the name implies is a work experience

brought about when it was discovered that student hardly gain enough practical knowledge

during school period with the limited amount of time given. SWEP is a program that

provides students with exposure to engineering tools in several departments, it helps students

become familiar with engineering equipment in various fields, with this program students

gets the opportunity to move round the workshop in different department and attain optimum

knowledge about the equipment.

Their major objective for the SWEP concerning bells university of technology is for the

improvement of the aesthetic appeal for the university’s environment, exposing the students

to the basic activities and tools used in various engineering projects. It also enlightens student

on the important role they play toward the development of the progress of the society, giving

students a hands-on experience in the multiple tasks in the various engineering projects. Also

making students understand the line of thought being followed when handling or

participating in various projects.

The primary mission of SWEP is to seek, capture and categorize student work experience

opportunities and to monitor the work experience progress of students. The goal of the

program is to ensure that educational experience of students will be at or above the national

average for all engineering students. The working definition of student work experience is a

structured, career related experience which the students perform tasks that contribute to their

knowledge of various fields. This programme is designed to give students the right attitude

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 towards work. Student work experience programme is an intensive engineering training

programme designed to equip engineering students with the basic practical knowledge and

orientation needed to produce self – dependent and skillful engineers. The student work

experience programme was designed not only to expose the students to skills acquisition but

also to inculcate in them the development of the right team spirit as well as expose them to

rudimentary expectations for the world of work. SWEP covers all the areas in engineering,

each engineering student is to carry out activities covering all other engineering fields other

than their major.

1.2 Problem Statement

Throughout history, there has and will always be a need for development as the world keeps

on evolving. There has been many notable engineers and inventors who changed the way we live

through their innovation, devices and machines developed and produced by them. Engineering is

more than just finding solutions to problems; it is coming up with ideas and principles to make

the way of living better while being cost effective. Mechatronics Engineering is known to be a

combination of mechanical, electrical, computer and software skill to work with smart

technologies, such as robots, automated guided systems and computer-integrated manufacturing

equipment. It is the design of computer-controlled electromechanical systems.

It is known that all disciplines of engineering need each other in order to work better, hence

the need for mechatronics engineering. This discipline of engineering was created to fill the gap

between mechanical and electrical engineering and as such speaks the language of both

disciplines. The answer to unresolved problems relies on more advances that necessitate the

replacement of human intellect to meet the requirements for superior autonomy in more

indefinite and unstructured environment.

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 The profession of mechatronics is filled with numerous extra ordinary career openings,

individuals attain exceptional rewards and lucrative opportunities while working in this field

with the zeal to excel, mechatronics engineering enthusiasts are responsible for developing

solutions to eradicate technical glitches which generally takes place while working on electronic

devices and automated machines. They design and fabricate electromechanical and robotic

systems, develop mechanical and electromechanical prototypes, assist in designing and

developing advanced test equipment for sensing systems, perform design calculations for

systems, conduct research, analysis and studies, working knowledge of electronic circuits,

knowledge of test equipment. Mechatronics provides an opportunity, not only humanization of

machines but also it changes the mindset and the approach to technological issues and most

importantly teaching new technologies and ways of acquiring knowledge and skills.

In 1985, the department of mechanical engineering at imperial college began research into

medical robots for neurosurgery, in 1991, in a ‘world first’ with the demonstration of robotic

prostrate surgery. This robot was the first to actively remove tissue from a human patient in an

operating theatre. With the expansion of robotic surgery applications, the mechatronics in

medicine laboratory was set up in 1993, as part of the computer aided systems engineering

section, to research and develop mechatronics aids to neurosurgery, magnetic resonance imaging

(IMR) compatible robotics, haptic training systems for surgeons, urological surgery and

orthopedics, high intensity focused ultrasound and blood sampling.

Engineers contribute to the nation’s technological and industrial progress. As nations in the

world are undergoing reformation and the economy is getting modernized consumptions pattern

has expanded and demand is constantly on the increases. There is therefore a growing

consciousness of quality control at every level of production. We have to realize their

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responsibility and play an effective role in tackling today’s complex issues in the nation building.

If a country fails to realize the role of engineers in the nation, then the country will continue to

experience collapsed buildings and bridges, substandard products, failed roads, epileptic power

supply to mention but the few in Nigeria today. Technology is all pervading in today’s world,

hence the learning and development of technological skills is very important. Engineers play a

strong role in the public policy process to provide the right incentives for industry others to move

on sustainable technology for the purpose of economic development that benefits society in a

holistic way now and in future. Therefore, the engineers of 21st century cannot afford to sit back.

1.3 Aims and objectives of student work experience

 Exposing the student to the basic activities and various tools used in all aspect

of engineering practice

 Developing the student innovative and creative abilities and skills relevant to

their programme.

 Engaging the students in manual labor so that they can appreciate the dignity

of labor and also make them engineers and professionals of excellence in the

future.

 Developing in the student a logical mode of thinking and reasoning that

promotes a practical application of acquired theoretical, knowledge in

overcoming technical and professional challenges.

 Training the students on how to acknowledge and appreciate the numerous

professional challenges of their immediate environment and the society at

large and offer solutions, which their knowledge empowerment avails them.

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  Giving the students a hands on experience in the multiple tasks in the various

engineering projects.

 Making the students understand the line of thought being followed when

handling or participating in various projects.

 Enlightening students on the important role they play toward the development

of the progress of society.

The major objective that must be achieved by the end of the programme include:

 Adequate knowledge on the safety measures involved while working on some

engineering equipment at the workshop or on the site.

 Students would be taught all information needed on commercial standard paint

production, and also made to participate in the process under thorough supervision.

 Paint application process would also be done practically by students which involves the

painting of the university structures

 Production and laying of interlocking tiles would be done by the students.

 Student will involve in the production of a solar panel streetlight.

 Students will also be involved in the production of waste basket from wire mesh.

1.3 Justification of the report

The engineer has been, and is, a maker of history, so we also cannot afford to be caught

lagging.The swep program is one that has been set for both the institution and the students to

equally benefit from the initiative. The university stans at a great advantage even whilst hosting

the program, the most obvious being the general renovation of the university compound from

painting o installation of railings and much more.

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The goal of swep programme is to connect the student’s conceptual knowledge with the

demands of the labor market. As undergraduates, it becomes increasingly important to recognize

that everyone has unique talents, strengths and passions. It is noted that the swep progam

benefits both the students and the university in various ways.

The points listed below are some of the opportunities granted below;

 Combine the theoretical knowledge students learn in the classroom with real-world

application of that knowledge.

 The university would have notable alumni to boast about in the future as the experience

would help groom the sudents to be notable engineers.

 It fills the knowledge gap between what students learn in schools and the practical

production skills that employers demand.

 Development and enhancement of personal attributes such as critical thinking, initiative,

creativity and resourceful leadership.

 Promotion of student interaction with prospective employers while they are in training.

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 CHAPTER TWO

ORIENTATION AND WORKSHOP PRACTICALS

2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE ORIENTATION

The first session was an orientation which was used to provide an outlook into the student

work experience program, it also explained more about the protocols that must be adhered to and

the objectives which we aimed to accomplish by the end of the program. The group supervisors

and group leaders of each group was introduced and a guide was given towards how the

technical report and logbook for the program should be written.

2.1.1 SAFETY MEASURES AND PRECAUTION IN MECHANICAL WORKSHOP

A seminar on safety precaution in the workshop was given by ENG Lekan during the orientation

week and by ENG Ajayi during the introduction to the mechanical workshop. They addressed to

the students on the importance of safety and an outline of the safety measures, rules and

regulations that must be followed to ensure that working conditions were as safe as possible.

Safety can simply be described as the condition of keeping oneself out of danger or possible

harm. The topic of safety does not only exist in relation to work but in everything we do in our

daily life, there is no area of life where safety is not put into consideration on a daily basis. With

this description we can say that accidents are events that are most times unavoidable making

safety a far more necessary factor to consider.

safety isn’t just a line of thought, but a way of life

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GENERAL SAFETY RULES AND REGULATION

There are so many rules and regulation concerning safety, but some of the general safety

precautions that must be followed includes:

1. Practical jokes and horseplay can be dangerous especially around heavy machinery.

If one feels the urge to play, resist it until after work.

2. If one is unsure how to operate equipment or perform a task ask one’s supervisor.

don’t guess and muddle through. If in doubt ask.

3. Dress properly anything that can catch tin machinery or trip one up is hazardous.

Wear personal protective equipment as required, accessories like watches, necklace,

and ties should be removed as they are potential hazard.

4. Never fail to report accidents, defective equipment and or unsafe conditions.

5. If one has an idea, one believes will reduce accidents, tell one’s supervisor about it.

Set an example by obeying safety rules. Cooperate with your supervisors.

6. All the exit around the workshop should be made free of equipment and tools in

cases of emergency.

7. Ensure that the equipment is turned off properly after usage also if the light goes off

to make it safe for the next user.

8. Eating and drinking isn’t allowed in the workshop.

9. If any injury is sustained report to the workshop supervisor immediately so proper

care can be given to the injured person.

10. Next to sheer carelessness, short cuts are probably the biggest killer of all. To save a

minute or two, one may lose a lifetime. Whatever one is doing, if one is not doing it

safely, one is not doing right!

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SAFETY IN ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP

1. When working at the electrical workshop ensure that all equipment are made out of

contact from wet areas, never touch or try repairing any electrical equipment or circuits

with wet hands.

2. Once done with an equipment ensure that the equipment is unplugged safely while taking

necessary precaution.

3. While working with an installation ensure to install properly and tidy all electrical chord.

4. If you are working on any receptacle at your home then always turn off the mains. It is

also a good idea to put up a sign on the service panel so that nobody turns the main

switch ON by accident.

5. Electrical hazards include exposed energized parts and unguarded electrical equipment

which may become energized immediately. Such equipment always carries signs like

“shock risk”. Always be observant of such signs and follow the safety rules established

by the electrical code followed by the country you’re in.

6. Always use appropriate insulated rubber gloves and goggles while working on any

branch circuit or any other electrical circuit.

7. Never use an aluminum or steel ladder if you are working on any receptacle at height in

your home. An electrical surge will ground you and the whole electric current will pass

through your body. Use a bamboo, wooden or a fiber glass ladder instead.

8. Know the wire code of your country

9. Childproof your outlets against kid.

10. Understanding your switchboard is very important.

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SAFETY RULES IN CONSTRUCTION SITE

1. When you enter the site, make sure you have the PPE you need. It is your last line

of defense should you come into contact with a hazard on site.

2. Each site has its unique hazards and work operations. No two sites are exactly the

same, make sure you know what is happening so that you can work safely.

3. Keep a tidy site. construction work is messy, slips and trips might not seem like a

major problem compared to other high-risk work happening on the site, but don’t

be fooled.

4. Do not put yourself or others at risk, actions speak louder than words. Especially

on construction sites where one wrong move could put you in harm’s way. You

are responsible for your behavior.

5. Make sure your work area is safe, know what is happening around you, be aware.

6. If you notice a problem don’t ignore it, report it to your supervisor.

7. Never tamper with equipment, if somethings not working or doesn’t look right.

Do not try and force something or alter something.

8. Use the right equipment. One tool does not fit all, using the correct tool for the job

will get it done quicker, and mostly importantly safer.

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2.2 PAINT PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION

A session was conducted to introduce another crucial area concerning the set of tasks

which was planned to be accomplished. The topic at hand was paints were manufactured and are

applied.

Definition of paint

Paint is any pigmented liquid, liquefiable, or solid mastic composition that after

application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to

protect, color or protect, color or provide texture to objects. Paint is protective or decorative

coating commonly applied to rigid suspended in a binder or vehicle.

Paint is a substance composed of solid coloring matter suspended in a liquid medium and

applied as a protective or decorative coating to various surfaces or to a canvas or other materials

in producing a work. Paint is typically stored, solid and applied as a liquid but most types dry

into a solid. Most paints are either oil based or water based and each have distinct characteristics

or features.

2.2.1 Functions of Paint

1. It prevents the decay of wood.

2. It prevents corrosion on metal surfaces.

3. It prevents the formation of bacteria and fungi, which are unhygienic and give an ugly

look to the wall.

4. It provides a smooth and attractive surface.

5. It is used to give a decorative effect on the surface.

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 6. It guards the surface against weathering effects of the atmosphere and action by other

liquids, fumes, and gases.

2.2.2 Properties of Paint

1. it should have high hiding power and the required color.

2. It should be able to resist the atmospheric conditions to which it will be put.

3. The film produced by applying the paint on a surface should either be gloss or

matte.

4. The film produced should be washable.

5. It should have the necessary consistency (property to resist permanent change of

shape) for a particular purpose for which the paint is to be used.

2.2.3 Constituents of Paint

forming component of paint, binders include synthetic or natural resins such as acrylics,

alkyds, polyesters, silanes, etc.

Functions of binders

1. Imparts adhesion.

2. It gives gloss to the dry film.

3. Imparts the durability of the painted surface.

4. It improves the flexibility of the paint.

5. Binds pigments, fillers, and additives together.

2. The Pigments: it is a coloring material added to provide color, opacity, film cohesion

and sometimes corrosion inhibition. They are finely grounded inorganic or organic

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 powders that have high reflective index. Some commonly used pigments are white lead,

zinc oxide, carbon black, etc.

3. Solvents: they are also called paint thinners, which reduces the viscosity of the paint to

an extent. Solvents are added to paints in order to make its application easy and smooth.

Some commonly used solvents are petroleum, spirits, turpentine and coal tar

hydrocarbons.

4. Extenders: they are also called fillers. A filler is a substance which can be added to

paints to increase its bulk volume without effecting its useful properties. Commonly used

extenders are gypsum, barite, silica and magnesium silicate.

5. Additives: they are small amount of different chemical substances improving or

modifying the paint properties. Example of additives are; dryers, coalescing agents, def

oamers, emulsifiers, anti-skinning agents, fungicides, biocides and insecticides.

PAINT PRODUCTION PROCESS

For this paint production, alkyd is the binder, it is based on soya beans oil, it is a drying

oil. The pigment is titanium dioxide the best opacities. For solvent we’re using a

combination of petrol and kerosene in the ratio of three parts of kerosene and one part of

petrol, for additive we’re using mixed dryer. Primary dryer acts on the surface (cobalt

naphthenate) the secondary dryer (lead octate) makes it to dry from underneath then to

the surface. Antioch solution is another additive, it helps to prevent oxidation in the paint.

The antioxidant is methyl ethyl ketozine.

In the factory the stages of making paint are:

1. Charging process: where you formulate your paint depending on the need. You should

know the materials you need for the paint you want to make.

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 2. Pigments are in lumps so you need to grind it and reduce the particle size for better

coverage. In the factory we use bits to hasten it but in the practical we use hand for.

Additives like wetting agents are added to fasten the process. In the lab there is an

equipment used to take the particle size, it is called the headman gauge. Stabilizing is that

when the particle size is okay it won’t come back to form frogulation (clumping of the

particles such that it forms hard settlements when put in the can).

3. After that you let down. You transfer it to a pot where you add other additives that can’t

withstand high temperatures. You use stirrer to stir it in a slow manner that won’t

generate heat.

4. Then you add more solvent to have viscosity then the customer buys thinner to bring it to

application viscosity. The thinner used is petrol.

5. After this is the filtering process.

The pigment is 2.5kg for a drum. We use white pigment to produce white. Weight of the binder

is 10kg but we used 12kg to increase the binding effect.

2.2.5 Preparing metals for painting

Adequate surface preparation is a vital prerequisite for ensuring the quality and longevity of

metal coatings. without proper preparation, even the most advanced metal coating technologies

will fail.

1. To properly prepare new metal surfaces, use mineral spirits to remove grease and apply

a rust inhibitive primer before painting. For painted surfaces that are in sound condition,

remove dust with a clean, dry cloth, de-gloss the surface the surface with light sanding,

and wipe with mineral spirits to ensure good adhesion.

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2. If the old paint is in poor condition, you can remove it hand wire brushing, sanding or

scraping. Since these methods are labor intensive and usually fail to deliver the results

expected.

3. When preparing metal for paint, checking for rust is important to make sure that the

paint will adhere properly to the surface. To restore lightly rusted metal surfaces to their

original state, use a brush to clean off loose rust, sand the area, and apply a high quality.

4. Priming is a very important step in preparing metal for paint, especially if the surface

will be exposed to moisture. To select the right primer, the type of metal to be coated

along with the desired appearance, performance requirements, and environmental

conditions should be considered.

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FIG 1. A picture showing me painting. FIG 2. A picture showing the students paint the railings.

FIG 3. A picture showing how the paint was mixed. FIG 4. Paint application with the appropriate PPE and tools.

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2.3 PRODUCTION OF INTERLOCKING TILES

2.3.1 Interlocking stones

Cement blocking tiles and pave blocks are precast solid product made out of cement concrete.

The product is made in various sizes and shapes. Rectangular, square and round blocks of

different dimensions with designs for interlocking of adjacent title blocks. The raw materials

needed for manufacture of the product are cement and aggregates which are available locally in

every part of the country.

2.3.2 Advantages of interlocking stones

1. They are easy to clean and easy to replace.

2. They do not flake expand, they are flexible and permanent.

3. They allow water pass through them easily.

4. They provide good finishing in external works.

2.3.3 Properties of interlocking stones

1. Adequate compressive strength from about 3.5N\mm^2 for soft facing bricks to 1400N\

mm^2 for engineering bricks.

2. Thermal and moisture control

3. Good appearance

4. Frost resistance and fire resistance.

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2.3.4 Process involved in the making of interlocking tiles

Tools used in the production of interlocking stones

1. Moulding plastic

2. Shovel

3. Wheelbarrow

4. Hand trowel

5. Gauge box

6. Iron mould machine

2.3.5 Sizes of bricks manufactured in Nigeria

 225mm * 225mm * 450mm Hollow brick: this is the largest size of brick being

manufactured and is used for foundations and external walls in multi-story buildings.

 225mm * 150mm * 450mm Hollow brick: it is used for general walling and can be used

for both internal and external walls in the building construction.

 The standard solid brick: it is used for the construction of ovens and partition wall.

2.3.6 HOW INTERLOCKING TILES ARE MADE

When planning to make roads and pathways using interlocking tiles, several factors and variables

are put into consideration to ensure that the road is long lasting and effective. Some of these

factors and variables include: bearing capacity, mix ratio, shape of the tile, thickness of the tiles,

workability of the concrete, topography of the road site etc.

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Bearing capacity

Bearing capacity can be defined as the ability of a material to withstand a load without

cracking. In relation to road design, it can be explained as the maximum load that the constructed

road is expected to take. This factor is a very crucial factor to consider because if the road

designed does not meet up with the expected bearing capacity, it is bound to crumble and

collapse.

When designing a road using interlocking tiles, an idea of what the bearing capacity of

that road will be must be established. How that is done is by finding out details whether the road

is going to be used as a major road or minor road and the kind of vehicles that are expected to

take the road. A major road or a road expected to carry heavy vehicles would have a higher

bearing capacity than a minor road or a walkway that is not expected to carry vehicle in the first

place.

Mix ratio

Mix ratio can be defined as the proportions of the constituents of the concrete used in

making the interlocking tiles. This variable is important as this ratio differs depending on the

road it is used on. An example of a mix ratio is 1:2:4.

In this example, the first number represents the ratio of cement measured in head pans (in

the case of cement is 25kg). the second number in the ratio represents the ratio of fine aggregate

in terms head pans (fine aggregate include sand and stone dust). The third number represents the

number of head pans of coarse aggregate e.g granite. Therefore, in the example above, the ratio

1:2:4 show 1 head pan of cement, 2 head pans of fine aggregate and 4 head pans of coarse

aggregate. The use of this ratio is that it helps us to create interlocking tiles of the appropriate

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strength to withstand the predicted bearing capacity of the road. The more aggregate that is

added to the cement, the weaker the concrete is and the lesser its bearing capacity.

Shape and thickness of the interlocking tiles

Another important variable that is determined is the shape and thickness of the

interlocking tiles. Interlocking tiles comes in various thickness and preexisting shapes.

The thickness is measured in millimeters. Examples of thicknesses are 40mm, 60mm,

80mm, etc. the greater the thickness of interlocking tiles, the greater the bearing capacity. i.e.

80mm can withstand more weight than 40mm. for both functional and aesthetic purposes,

interlocking tiles come in various shapes. Examples of these shapes are I-shaped tiles, square

tiles, zenith shaped tiles, hexagon etc.

The factor considered when choosing a shape to be used in a road is the surface area of

the shape. Interlocking tiles with high surface area gives more room for deformation or cracking

when subjected to a load. On the other hand, interlocking tiles with low surface area have less

room to be cracked or deformed.

2.3.7 PROCESS

Interlocking tiles are precast concrete of three major constituents or ingredients for

producing it which are cement, fine aggregate and water. Interlocking tiles is concrete which is

cast on site. It is also known as paving stone and is used for external land scaping.

The process of manufacturing cement concrete is a mixture of cement, aggregate (i.e. sand

and stone dust) and water. Aggregate passing through a 4.7mm on sieve are known as fine

20
aggregate and the aggregate retained on the sieve is known as coarse aggregate. The process of

manufacturing cement concrete paving blocks involves the following steps:

1. Proportioning

2. Mixing

3. Compacting

4. Curing

5. Drying

2.3.8 Procedures of operation

 The moulds are lubricated with grease oil for easy detachment of the moulded interlocks

using a foam

 Further lubrication was done by adding a mixture of cement and water to the mould, the

process is known as slurring.

 The materials used in the production of interlocks (cement, fine aggregate and coarse

aggregates) are measured in the right proportion

 Water was added to the mixture by pouring from the bucket.

 The materials were mixed with water in the measured proportion.

 The mixture of the aggregate was cast into the greased interlock mould and stirred with

the steel rod for uniform distribution.

 The casted moulds were transported to be dried under a shed, preventing the effects of

rain, and smoothened by using hand trowel.

 The apparatus used in the process of interlocking were cleaned and returned to their

rightful positions

 Finally, the interlocks were removed from the moulds the next day after being dried

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2.3.9 Precaution
i. During the oiling the moulds, a small amount of oil was used to prevent oil wastage.

ii. Excess materials were not used to prevent wastage duing the process of interlocking

through accurate measurement.

iii. Oil spillage into the mixture was avoided to allow the mixture to stick together during

solidification.

2.3.9.1 Usage of interlocking tiles

preparation. This includes removing the top soil, filling the road up with filling material (e.g.

sand/stone dust) and compacting the ground is performed with either an automatic compactor or

a handheld compactor. This removes undulations on the road and prepares the ground for the

laying of interlocking paving stones. The lack of proper ground preparations would lead to

rooting, potholes and other defects. Another thing added to roads constructed with interlocking

paving stones is the use of trenches to accommodate for the factor of expansion in the road

design. After this, you install a stable edge restraint to eliminate any lateral movement of the

pavers and sand bedding. Laying of the interlock begins by placing the interlock flat on the sand

bed, working in a forward motion. We start the process at either a 90-degree corner or within the

field by using a pre-set string to guide the straightness of the interlock. Once the interlock field

and borders have been placed, spread a light layer of sand over the pavers and run a vibrating

plate compactor over them to begin the process. Using the vibrating plate compactor, pass over

the sanded pavers two or three times to allow sand to fill the voids between the pavers. Sweep

remaining sand into voids until they are completely filled.

22
FIG 5. A picture of the mould filled with slur. FIG 6. Pictorial image of the mixture of cement, aggregate and

water

FIG 7. Arrangements of the interlocking tiles. FIG 8. Stone dust and bed sand before tiles are laid

23
2.4 PRODUCTION OF WASTE BASKET FROM WIRE MESH

2.4.1 Introduction

The swep committee introduced the production of waste basket from wire mesh and mild steel to

students. The waste baskets are modern contemporary to keep majorly your surrounding and

environment clean. It was introduced majorly for the purpose of reducing the rate at which

plastic and bottles are littered on the school environment.

2.4.2 Overview

They introduced to us that we would be making a waste basket from wire mesh in which the

major aim is to store PET plastics and bottle, well lets just say anything recyclable. We were

given a well detailed structure of what the waste basket looks like. Students were given a task to

redesign the major design given to us stating what they think should be added or removed from

the design, also stating why we should go with their design and the major aim for their design. It

was a very interacting class as we were able to question people’s design.

What I learnt majorly was that when you come up with a design there would always be a

disadvantage or a fall back so it is advisable to ensure that your advantage supersedes the

disadvantage while still considering the satisfaction of human at heart.

Materials used for the production of wire mesh

 mild steel

 wire mesh

 plank

24
  binding wire

Tools used for the production of wire mesh

 Tong

 Earth

 Tape rule

 Hammer

 Plier

 Electrode

 Welding machine

 Cutting machine

2.4.3 Production process

A six feet mild steel rod was bent into a square of 1.5feet per side for e bottom. The side of the

basket is a 4feet rod, the head of the basket is a 4feet rod that was bent into a square of 1feet per

side. The length of the wire mesh is 12feet being divided into 6feet to go round the skeleton of

the basket. The breadth of the wire mesh is 4feet. The second part of the basket is 2feet while the

top is 10cm. The process of making the basket is cutting and fitting, a plier was used for the

cutting of the wire mesh before fitting it to the skeleton of the basket, the metals are being

welded together at the edge to create the skeleton of the basket. And a binding wire is used to

bind the wire mesh to the skeleton which comprises of iron rod.

25
FIG 9. A picture of waste basket made by the students. FIG 10. Skeleton of the waste basket.

FIG 11. Welding machine used to weld the rods together

26
2.5 FUNDAMENTAL OF ELECRONICS

2.5.1 Introduction

The fundamentals of different electrical devices and their principles was lectured to the

students by Engr Mahmood, Engr Dele and Engr Mathew. We were lectured about transformers

and their different types and principles. They went further by giving us thorough explanation on

full wave rectification and the principles of light. We had a lot of practical done where we were

shown the components of a transformer and how to make one, also on full wave rectification and

how to use a breadboard.

2.5.2 Transformers

Transformers are devices that transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another. The

transformer is basically a voltage control device that is used widely in the distribution and

transmission of alternating current power. The idea of a transformer was discussed by Michael

Faraday in 1831. The general purpose of using a transformer is to maintain a balance between

the electricity that was generated at very high voltages and consumption which was done at low

voltages. It cannot work without mutual inductance, it works with the principle of mutual

inductance. The first layer is known as the primary winding while the second layer lamination is

the secondary winding. The windings are the turns of the transformers. When the primary

winding is more than the secondary winding then it is a step-down transformer, when the

secondary winding is more than the primary winding it is a step-up transformer.

27
2.5.3 Subdivision of a Transformer
 Power transformer: it transfers power from one circuit to another. It is used in the

generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. From the power plant to the user

it goes through stages:

16kv / 330kv – substation

330kv / 132kv – substation

33kv / 11kv – industrial

11kv / 0.415kv – domestic

The amount of voltage flowing through it depends on the level of insulation. It means a

static piece of apparatus with two or more windings which by electromagnetic induction,

transforms a system of alternating voltage and current usually of different values and at

the same frequency for the purpose of transmitting electrical power.

 Auto transformers: it is an electrical transformer with only one winding. In an auto

transformer, portions of the same winding act as both the primary winding and secondary

winding sides of the transformer. They are used for motor for motor control centers, for

starters-perhaps like turning on the subs. Used to start pumps or motors, both the primary

and secondary are on the same surface.

 Auxiliary transformers: they are used for lighting purposes, heating the train wagons or

for producing single phase auxiliary for the safety systems supply or the substation’s own

supply. They are instrument transformer they can be current or voltage transformers.

They are used for measurements because you can’t connect some instruments directly to

a machine so you connect them to the instrument transformers. It steps down current but

still displays its actual value.

28
  2.5.4 Principle of Light

A DC motor speed control trainer was used to explain the principle of light. This device

is built around a small permanent magnet. it is designed to bring out the salient features of a

system. It shows to the light fluctuate with respect to the frequency it receives. An attenuator is

an electric device that reduces the power of a fluctuations. The higher the frequency, the more it

seems like it does not fluctuate. At a very low frequency, the fluctuation is very visible.

2.7.3 Full Wave Rectification

Rectification is the conversion of AC to DC current. In the subsequent sentences, the

observations made by the students would be explained duly. The students noted that a capacitor

smoothens a wave form to get a DC current while a diode is a device that sends signals in one

direction. A diode is polarized hence has both a positive and a negative end just like the LED

light. The silver part of the diode is the negative end and the black part is the positive end. The

diodes are connected in specific direction. The negative of diode 1 is connected to the positive of

diode1. The secondary part of the transformer (current source) is connected to the diode point.

The 2-channel digital storage oscilloscope was used to see the different change in the wave form

with and without the capacitor.

2.5.5 Components Used for The Practical

 A transformer

 4 diodes

 A resistor

 A breadboard

 A capacitor

29
  2 channel digital storage oscilloscope

FIG 12. Pictorial representation on a digital storage oscilloscope FIG 13. Speed controller used to explain the principle of light.

FIG 14. A simple diode connection

30
2.6 POWER AND MACHINE FUNDAMENTALS

2.6.1 Operation and production process of an automatic motion sensor solar street light

2.6.2 Introduction

The students were given this project to work on as one of their SWEP projects. A motion

sensor light is an intelligent streetlight system that automatically reduces its output to 20% once

a pedestrian or vehicle has travelled approximately 100 meters away from it while automatically

increasing its output by 80% when it detects the motion of pedestrians and vehicles and filtering

the motion of small animal and breeze. This system was created by Chintan Shah, a management

of technology graduate at TU Delft. With this idea for enhancing energy efficiency on the

university campus, he took first place in a competition in 2010.

2.6.3 Benefits of motion sensor streetlight

 Increases the lifespan of LED lights

 There is lesser pollution and darker sky

 It promotes renewable clean power that is available everyday (solar energy)

 It reduces carbon iv oxide emissions by up to 80%

 It reduces energy consumption

 There is a significant energy saving

2.6.4 Operation technique

The system that detects motion from about 20-100m away from it. It is used to detect the

speed and direction of an incoming object, vehicle and person connected motion sensor

31
streetlight send information to the next light with the command to increase its output. In some

well-advanced motion sensor system, it has the additional functionality like counting of vehicles

and pedestrians.

2.6.5 production process and components

The entire production process was broken down into bits to be easily understood by the

students. The components of the entire system are as follows:

 A comparator

 An LDR sensor (light dependent resistor)

 Casting light

 A relay

 Solar panel

2.6.6 Solar panel and its types

A solar panel can also be called a solar electric panel of photo voltaic. It is an assembly

of photo voltaic cells mounted in a frame work for installation. Solar panels use sunlight as a

source of energy generate direct current electricity. It captures energy from the sun and converts

it to electrical energy.

2.6.7 Solar panel types

There are three types of a solar panel, they are:

 Monocrystalline solar panel: this panel derives its name from a cylindrical silicon ingot

grown from single crystal silicon of high purity in the same way as a semi-conductor.

32
 They are known to have the best efficiency and power capacity out of all types of solar

panels. It ranges from 17% to 20%.

 Polycrystalline solar panel: it can also be called multi-crystalline solar panel, it is a type

of solar panel that consists of several crystals of silicon in a single PV cell. These solar

panels have a surface like a mosaic. They have a square shape and a shining blue hue as

they made up of several polycrystalline silicon.

 Thin-film solar cell: is a second generation solar cell that is made by depositing one or

more thin layers, or thin film of photovoltaic material on a substrate, such as glass, plastic

or metal. It is the type found in calculators. This type of solar panel makes use of energy

from the sun.

It was noted by the students that a solar panel is not to be connected directly to a

battery. This is where the charge controller comes in. A charge controller is a device that

monitors the current that is allowed to get to the terminals of the battery so as the battery

would not get damaged. It is connected between the solar panel and the battery.

2.6.8 LDR sensor

It is also called a photoresistor. It is a light sensitive device most often used to

dictate the presence or absence of light i.e., to measure the amount of light intensity. In

the dark, the resistance of an LDR sensor is vey high, sometimes up to 1 micro-ohms, but

when exposed to light the resistance drops down to a few ohms.

For every comparator, there are five basic things that should be taken into consideration:

 Inverting pin

 Non-inverting pin

33
  Positive input

 Negative input

 Output pin

There are three types of comparators with examples noted below:

1. Single comparator:

i. LM741

ii. TL061

2. Dual comparator: (contains two of a single comparator)

i. LM393

ii. LM356

iii. LM358

3. Tetra comparator: (contains four of a simple comparator)

i. LM324

2.6.9 Principles of a comparator

When a signal getting to the inverting pin is higher than that of the non-inverting pin, the

output is low (i.e., it tends towards the value of the input negative voltage and vice versa.

2.6.9.1 Relay

A relay is a device that are electrically operated switches that open and close the circuits by

receiving electrical signals from outside sources. It opens or closes the contacts to cause the

operation of the other electric control.

34
2.6.9.2 Casting unit

It is used enclose all the devices that makes up the automatic solar street light. It protects the

electrical wiring and other devices from rain, wind etc.

2.6.9.3 Limitations of a motion sensor light

No matter how good a device or idea is there must always be limitations and critiques

regarding it. With respect to the motion sensor streetlight, there was a few critiques I had

regarding the product. Firstly, the security floodlights output bright wide beams that are made to

grab attention. However, if used in a busy area or street where people, cars or animals frequently

pass by, they may become a nuisance. Also, the fact that there is no warning to humans before

turning on which may affect the eye of someone who has light sensitive eye which would result

to headache, or worsening the condition of the person.

It is also to be noted that the luminaires in the street light may burn out due to it being turned

on and off too much. The frequency of this triggers the light receives will determine the lifespan

of the luminaire. Growing up it is a known rule in every home to not play with the light switch so

as not to spoil the bulb. This scenario is almost similar to the motion sensor light except that the

triggers is the switch that turns it on.

2.6.9.4 Solutions to the limitations

In relation to the bright wide beam produced by the motion sensor light, the relay should be

used in such a way that the light would gradually turn on from a dim state to its brightest state.

His would work in such a way that any motion detected from about a hundred meters away from

the light would make the dim light come on and gradually become brighter as the motion gets

closer.

35
 High quality lights and LEDs should be used during initial installation so as not to affect the

life span of the luminaires and bring about extra maintenance cost. The initial cost of the light

should not be cut down so as to gain extra profit for anything worth doing is worth doing

perfectly well.

36
FIG 15. A picture of the digital oscilloscope showing a wave form. FIG 16. A picture showing the connection to obtain a wave form.

FIG 17. Speed controller used to explain he principle of light.

37
2.7 MECHANICAL WORKSHOP MACHINERIES

2.7.1 Lathe machine

A lathe machine is a machine tool that removes the undesired material from a rotating

workpiece in the form of chips with the help of a tool that is traversed across the work and can be

feed deep into the work. It is one of the most versatile and widely used machine tools all over the

world. The lathe machine consists of the following parts:

 Bed

 Headstock

 Tailstock

 Carriage

 Saddle

 Cross slide

 Compound rest

 Apron

 Tool post

 Chuck

 Feed rod

 Lead screw

 Spindle

There are three major parts of the lathe machine which are bed, the headstock and the tailstock

which will be briefly discussed below;

38
 1. The bed: this is the base on which all other parts of the lathe are mounted. The bed is

made from cast iron or nickel cast iron alloy and is supported on broad box section

columns. Its upper surface is either scraped or grounded and the guiding and sliding

surfaces are provided. The bed consists of heavy metal slides running lengthwise with

ways forced upon them. It is rigidly supported by crossed griths.

2. Headstock: the headstock is present on the left end of the bed. The main function of the

headstock is to transmit power to the different parts of the lathe. It supports the main

spindle in the bearing and aligns it properly, it also houses a necessary transmission

mechanism with speed changing levers to obtain different speeds. Accessories mounted

on the headstock spindle are; three jaw shock, four jaw shock magnetic chuck, lathe

center and lathe dog, collect chuck, face plate.

3. Tailstock: the tail stock is a movable casting located opposite to the headstock on the

way of the bed. The basic function of the tailstock is;

i. To support the other end of work when being machined.

ii. To hold a tool for performing operations like drilling, reaming, tapping etc.

It consists of dead centers, the adjusting screws, and the hand wheel. The body of the tailstock is

adjustable on the base which is mounted on the guide ways of the bed and can be moved.

2.7.2 Milling machine

The milling machine is also known as multi-tasking machine which are capable of milling and

turning the materials as well. The machine has got the cutter installed up on it which helps in

removing the material from h surface of the work piece.

Milling process

39
The milling machine involves the following processes or phases of cutting:

1. Milling cutters; there are a lot of cutting tools used in the milling process. The milling

cutters named end mills have specials cutting surfaces on their end surfaces so that they

can be placed onto the work piece by drilling. These also have extended cutting surfaces

on each side for the purpose of peripheral milling. The milling cutters have small cutters

at the end corners. The cutters are made from highly resistant materials that are durable

and produce less friction.

2. Surface finish; any material put through the cutting area of the milling machine gets

regular intervals. The side cutters have got regular ridges on them. The distance between

the ridges depends on the feed rate, the diameter of the cutter and the quantity of cutting

surfaces. These can be significant variations in the height surfaces.

3. Gang milling; this means that more than one two milling cutters are involved in as set up

like the horizontal milling. All the cutters perform a uniform operation or it may also be

possible that the cutter may perform distinct operations. It is an important operation for

producing duplicate parts.

2.7.3 Types of milling machine

i. Vertical milling machine; it has a vertically spindle axis and rotate by staying at the

same axis. The spindle can also be extended and performing functions such as drilling

and cutting.

ii. Horizontal milling machine; it is also the similar cutter but their cutters are placed on

a horizontal arbor. A lot of horizontal mills have got rotary tables that help in milling

in various angles

40
2.7.4 Drilling machine

A drilling machine comes in various forms and sizes, from small held power drills to bench

mounted and floor mounted models. They can perform operations other than drilling such as

counter-sinking, counter boring, reaming and tapping large or small holes. It is a machine used to

produce holes in hard substances. The drill is held in a rotating spindle and is fed into the

workpiece which is usually clamped in a vice resting on the table.

Students were engaged in the process of drilling metals, our major aim was to construct

railings and fix them in certain areas, the full length of the metal was 105 inches and I was

divided with chalk into different lines of 8 inches distance within each other. After this the

drilling process begins on the marked part of the metal. The curved was then fixed into it to get

our railing. Students went further with transferring the railings to the construction location where

the welding of the railings began and then fixed into the hole mounted to the ground.

Materials used

 Metal rod

 Aluminum rod

Tools used

 Universal milling machine

 Measuring tape

 Chalk

 Gauge

 welding machine

 Brush

41
  Mallet

The major advantage of metal railing is majorly for the safety of the student in general especially

at dark times of the day. It also adds to the beautification of the school.

2.8 WELDING AND FABRICATION

Fabrication

Fabrication of metals refers to the building of building metal structures via a variety of processed

such as cutting, bending, profiling, welding and assembling. Metals such as steel, aluminum and

other ferrous and non-ferrous metals are used in the fabrication process. Theses metals are often

procured by the fabricator in their raw form. Then they are cut, bent formed into required shapes

and sizes.

2.8.1 Welding

The prepared metal from the fabrication process is then welded together using a range of

techniques and procedures. Welding processes often arc, which is welding rod and the material

itself. The current created excels a huge amount of heat which is enough to melt the base

material.

Other common welding processes include:

1. Shielded metal arc welding: also known as metals manual metal arc, it is one of the most

common arc welding processes. Using a consumable flux-coated electrode that protects

the weld area from oxidation and contamination.

2. Gas metal arc welding: an automatic or semi-automatic process that uses a continuous

wire feed.

42
3. Gas tungsten: this uses a semi-inert gas mixture in order to provide a welding process

that uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode, an inert semi-inert gas mixture and a

separate filler material.

4. Flux cored arc welding: this uses a wire consisting of a steel electrode surrounding a

power field material. The wire is more expensive than standard solid wires and it can also

generates fumes. However, it permits a high welding speed and great metal penetration

43
FIG 17. A simple connection of a motion sensor light.

44
2.9 WOOD WORK

2.9.1 Introduction

Students were introduced to the process involved with the production of book shelves

from wood. This bookshelf would in turn be used by the lecturers which would aid in upgrading

the school system.

In this production process the wood used are called medium density fiber board and high

density fiber board. As the name implies mdf has a low density and more particles compared to

the hdf. Hdf boards has the tendency to last longer than mdf. It is similar to wood and holds onto

screws. Hdf is water resistant to a large extent compared to mdf boards. Hdf can be used for

places like a kitchen cabinet, office table, bookshelf, shoe racks, pigeon hole, reading tables, etc.

the gripping effect of the screw on hdf is more than that of mdf since the particles tend to give

way after a while.

As an engineer, it is very important to know how to be accurate in measurement and

economic in managing materials to avoid wastage. It is to be noted that from one standard board,

one can obtain two shelves.

Tools used

1. Mallet: it is used to drive in nails.

2. Meter rule: this is used to join line measurements.

3. Screw gun: it is used to drive or loosen nails

4. Tape rule: it is used to take measurement on the plywood.

45
Materials used
 Edge tape: for the aesthetic aspect to make the face beautiful and for the edges to be

smooth for easy touch and safety.

 Evostic gum: to join the edge of the wood and the edge tape together.

 Screw: they are found in different sizes, we have the one quarter and three quarter. They

are used to attach own member to another.

 Nails: it is used to join various parts of the bookshelf

 Brackets: it is at an angle 90, it used for reinforcement and rigidity and support, ridigity

and support and firmness when holding the two sides and the load is beared on it and

resists it.

 Plywood: this is the material assembled together to make a bookshelf.

Production process

 Examine the two sides and if there are any dents let it face inside. Also ensure they are of

the same length. The length is 75 inches, you can remove 3 out of it to give 72. The three

inches, 1inch should be used but 4 dividers are required so 3 is used for easy division.

The removed one will be clearance so as to access the under of the shelf for cleaning and

all. Divide 72 into the number of dividers to be used. Which is 4 giving 18. The gap

between the first and second divider is 18 each. First mark out 3 then use 3 as the starting

point and keep marking out 18.

 Place steel rule across the board and draw out a line across. There are two ways to

position the divider; under the line or above the line. It is preferable to put it above the

line so the divider is placed above and a line is drawn.

46
  Measuring the insides of the lines give 17 inches and 4. The dividers and side having

defects would be placed under. Mount two brackets on all the dividers, for the top you

leave a space.

 After this cutting begins and the screwing of each divided parts. This process continues

until the whole shelf is formed.

Generally, engineering is all about measurements. Its better not to join woods cause it can

collapse. The dividers is the one that divides into chambers. The upright is the ones that holds the

shelf left and right. top is the one on top, back cover is helping the shelf not to let stuffs fall over

and also helps as a binder between the upright. If the breadth of the shell is beyond feet, a

support will be needed which is called bracers. Bracers are used to reinforce in between.

47
FIG 18. The Universal Milling Machine used for the drilling. Ffig 19. A student using the UMM to drill.

48
CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Conclusion

As engineers, we were going to be in a position to change the world not just study it. It

can be said that we have accomplished the purpose of the program by not only aligning us into

the thought of nation building but also assisting in the development of the university’s

environment and providing experience and understanding on how different engineering projects

are planned and managed as well as the thought process involved in those tasks.

I would rate my experience as a worthwhile and my eight weeks duration of the

programme at Bells University of Technology has provided me the opportunity to be familiar

with simple engineering projects from the production of paint to the application of it which was a

very fun experience, we were able to engage ourselves in the processes involved in producing

and laying interlocking tiles. The most interesting part of all these was when I worked at the

electrical department, I learnt a lot about the components of a transformer and how it is made, we

learnt the principle behind a stable light bulb, how full wave rectification works to designing a

circuit for a solar streetlight. We were able to try out different practical aspects and still compete

with each other.

Moving to the mechanical department was also a very nice experience. We were

introduced to designing a waste bin basket and producing it, the fun part for me was when

student were asked to redesign the original design and the experience was educating because I

learnt you can never come up with the best idea and you should always be open to new ideas

when working as a group.

49
 The experience gained during the training was enlightening and impacting. It also

prepares our minds for who we will become, our importance and our roles in society.

Finally, I must congratulate my fellow colleagues and myself zealously participating in

his program. The skills acquired during the course of this training cannot be overemphasized.

3.1 Recommendation

I would recommend that students should be placed in areas more relevant to their field as

this would enable them perform more efficiently as they would be working with things that they

should be more familiar with. It is important that during this crucial state student focus majorly

on their field as this would allow them gain vast knowledge and prepare them for their student

internship work experience program.

Provision of tools and materials for the application of some of the students production should be

made available for faster and easier work for example paint application enough brushes and

roller should be made available. The amount of students in a group is also a lot thereby not

leaving room for the division of work.

3.2 References

(PDF) OFFICIAL SWEP REPORT | Nsikak Udombana - Academia.edu

Students Work Experience Program (SWEP) Report - TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENTS WORK

EXPERIENCE - StuDocu

Strategies for Nation Building (ukessays.com)

SWEP-Conf-2018-A3-1-2fxl3f4.pdf (cpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com)

General Mechanical Workshop Safety Rules (mechanicalguruji.com)

50
Safety Precautions In Mechanical Workshop Pdf – SAFETY (icross.space)

Roles Of Mechanical Engineers In Nation Building [8x4eev6v9843] (idoc.pub)

transformer | Definition, Types, & Facts | Britannica

101 Engineering Quotes from the Minds of Innovators (workflowmax.com)

S.W.E.P REPORT.docx - INTRODUCTION The student Work Experience Program (SWEP) STUDENTS WORK

EXPERIENCE PROGRAM A DETAILED REPORT ON MY LEARNINGS DURING | Course Hero

51