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Maths Assignment Unit 3

The document outlines a statistics assignment focusing on hypothesis testing using chi-square tests. It presents two parts: the first tests whether barking deer forage in proportion to land availability, concluding that they do not, and the second examines the independence of link placement and download behavior, finding a significant dependence. Both tests reject their null hypotheses based on p-values less than 0.05.

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25 views7 pages

Maths Assignment Unit 3

The document outlines a statistics assignment focusing on hypothesis testing using chi-square tests. It presents two parts: the first tests whether barking deer forage in proportion to land availability, concluding that they do not, and the second examines the independence of link placement and download behavior, finding a significant dependence. Both tests reject their null hypotheses based on p-values less than 0.05.

Uploaded by

seraphmuinde
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATHS ASSIGNMENT

STATISTICS INFERENCE

MATH 1281-01

UNIT3
Part 1: Testing of Hypothesis

(a) Hypotheses

Null Hypothesis (H₀): Barking deer forage in proportion to land availability.

Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): Barking deer do not forage in proportion to land availability.

These hypotheses follow the structure of a chi-square goodness-of-fit test where observed

frequencies are compared to expected ones based on known proportions (Utts & Heckard, 2014).

(b) Type of test to use.

We use a Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test to determine whether the observed frequencies of

foraging sites differ significantly from expected frequencies based on land area distribution (Utts

& Heckard, 2014).

(c) Check assumptions and conditions

Randomization: Sites were selected randomly.

Independence: Each site is a separate observation.

Sample Size and Expected Counts: All expected counts exceed 5, satisfying the conditions for

the chi-square test (JASP Team, 2023).

(d) Conduct the Test

Proportions:
Woods: 4.8% → E = 0.048 × 530 = 25.44

Cultivated Grassplot: 14.7% → E = 77.91

Deciduous Forests: 39.6% → E = 209.88

Other: 40.9% → E = 216.77

Observed:

Woods: 6

Cultivated Grassplot: 18

Deciduous Forests: 71

Other: 435

χ2=∑{(O−E) ^2)/E }

χ2={(6-25.44) ^2 /25.44}+ {(18-77.91) ^2/77.91} +{(71-209.88) ^2/209.88} +{(435-216.77)

^2/216.77}

14.85+46.06+91.94+219.61=372.46

Degrees of Freedom (df) = 4 - 1 = 3

p-value < 0.001 (from JASP output)


Conclusion

Since p < 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis. There is strong evidence that barking deer do not

forage proportionally to habitat availability and instead show foraging preference (Utts &

Heckard, 2014; JASP Team, 2023).

Part 2: Download Link Placement

(a) Actual Counts

Total users = 501

Group Download No Download Total

Position 1 80 105 185

Position 2 74 106 180

Position 3 60 76 136

Total 214 287 501

(b) Hypothesis Test for Independence

Hypotheses:

H₀: Link placement and download behavior are independent.

H₁: Link placement and download behavior are not independent.


Type of Test

A Chi-Square Test of Independence is used here because we are testing for an association

between two categorical variables (Utts & Heckard, 2014).

Observed Table

Download No download Total

Position 1 80 105 185

Position 2 74 106 180

Position 3 60 76 136

Total 214 287 501

Assumptions:

Random assignment of link positions

Independent users

All expected counts ≥ 5

Test Output.

χ² = 8.75

df = 2
p = 0.01215

Conclusion

Since p < 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis. There is statistically significant evidence that

download behavior depends on link placement (JASP Team, 2023)


References

JASP Team. (2023). JASP (Version 0.17.1) [Computer software]. https://jasp-stats.org/

Utts, J. M., & Heckard, R. F. (2014). Mind on statistics (5th ed.). Cengage Learning.

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