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Engineering Mathematics II
(GET 210)
Engr. Onoriode Avbenake
Course administrator
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this topic, students should be able to;
Recognize the transformation equation in the form
w = f(z) = u(x, y) + jv(x, y)
Illustrate the image of a point in the complex z-plane
under a complex mapping onto the w-plane
Map a straight line in the z-plane onto the w-plane
under the transformation w = f(z)
Identify complex mappings that form translations,
magnifications, rotations and their combinations
Derive the Cauchy–Riemann equations and apply them
to find the derivative of a regular function
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Analytical Functions of Complex
Variable
Analytic functions involve an extension of the calculus
to complex functions, and they find applications
throughout all of engineering and science
Examples of direct applications are to be found in two-
dimensional problems in elasticity, fluid mechanics, and
electrostatics, and such functions also contribute
indirectly to many other applications through their use
with the Laplace and Fourier transforms
Analytic Functions of Complex Variable
The requirement that the derivative of a complex
function be independent of the way the defining
complex limit is evaluated (i.e. the limiting operation in
the definition of a derivative of a complex function
should be independent of the direction in which it is
evaluated) leads directly to the Cauchy–Riemann
equations
These equations provide a condition that ensures that a
function of a complex variable is analytic, and both the
real and imaginary parts of an analytic function are
shown to be harmonic functions
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Analytic Functions of Complex Variable (Mapping &
Transformation
For a function of a single real variable f(x) we can construct
the graph of the function by plotting points against two
mutually perpendicular Cartesian axes
Meanwhile, for a function of a single complex variable
𝑤 = 𝑓 𝑧 = 𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑖𝑣 𝑥, 𝑦
we have four real variables; x, y, u and v
Hence, we cannot plot f(z) against a single set of axes
Analytic Functions of Complex Variable (Mapping &
Transformation
Example 1
If 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 and 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 2
Given 𝑧 = 4 + 𝑖3
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Analytic Functions of Complex Variable (Mapping &
Transformation
Solution
Accordingly, values of z are plotted on one
plane and the corresponding values of f(z) are plotted on
another plane
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Analytic Functions of Complex Variable (Mapping &
Transformation
Excerpts from the above example;
z (where z = x + iy) and w (where w = u + iv) are two
complex variables related by the equation w = f(z)
Any other point in the z-plane will similarly be
transformed into a corresponding point in the w-plane,
the resulting position P’ depending on
the initial position of P
the relationship w = f(z), called the transformation
equation or transformation function
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Analytic Functions of Complex Variable (Mapping &
Transformation
In summary;
The transformation of P in the z-plane onto P’ in the w-
plane is said to be a mapping of P onto P’ under the
transformation w = f(z) and P’ is sometimes referred to as
the image of P
Analytic Functions of Complex Variable (Mapping &
Transformation
Example 2
Determine the image of the point P, 𝑧 = 3 + 𝑖2 on the w-plane
under the transformation 𝑤 = 3𝑧 + 2 − 𝑖
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Analytic Functions of Complex Variable (Mapping &
Transformation
Solution
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Analytic Functions of Complex Variable (Mapping &
Transformation
Example 3
Map the points A 𝑧 = −2 + 𝑖 and B 𝑧 = 3 + 𝑖4 onto the w-
plane under the transformation 𝑤 = 𝑖2𝑧 + 3 and illustrate the
transformation on a diagram
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Analytic Functions of Complex Variable (Mapping &
Transformation
Solution
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