SCIENCE EXERCISE I.
1 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (GRADE 5)
Answer these questions.
1. Why is our digestive system important to us?
Because digestive system helps our body to get nutrients and energy from the food we eat.
2. Why do we have to take care of our small intestines?
Because if we don’t take care of our small intestines, it cannot help us to digest and absorb our
food properly. And we cannot get the nutrients we need to be spread into the blood.
3. What do you think will happen if we don’t have gallbladder?
The bile from the liver cannot be released into the small intestines. The fats cannot be broken
down properly.
4. What do you think if our pancreas cannot function?
It cannot make digestive juice that contains enzyme. The carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
cannot be broken down properly.
Describe what happen when you put food inside your mouth. What changes and what substance
makes the changes?
The food is chewed and become smaller pieces, soggy, and watery. The substance that changes
it is saliva.
5. What is the use of blood?
Blood carries the nutrients into every part of our body.
6. Describe what happens in the large intestines?
The water from the undigested food is removed/the water is absorbed by the large intestines.
7. What organ produce bile? Liver. And what organ receive bile then release it to small intestines?
Gallbladder.
8. What are the functions of liver?
- to filter toxins from the body
- to store vitamins
- to store glycogen for energy
- to break down old red blood cells
- to produce bile and some blood proteins
9. It’s been 5 days since Mrs. Smith is able to excrete her feces in the toilet. What do you think
happened to her and why did it happen?
She got constipation because the food stays too long in her body. The water is absorbed too
much by the body so the feces becomes hard.
10. Lisa bought a street burger while she was enjoying her summer holiday. She ate her burger
without washing her hands. What digestive system disease you think could have happened to her
and why? Elaborate.
Diarrhea, because when the food is dirty, it can contain bacteria and makes the food mmoves too
quickly .
11. What caused diarrhea? Explain.
The muscle moves too quickly so the water doesn’t have enough time to be absorbed by the
body before it comes out.
12. Why do we have to brush our teeth?
We have to keep our teeth clean so it stays healthy and strong to chew and grind our food.
13. Write the functions of the following in our digestive system!
a. teeth: to chew and grind the food.
b. saliva: to make the food softer and easier to swallow.
c. stomach: a place to mix food with enzymes and acid until it becomes a liquid called chyme.
d. pancreas: to make digestive juice that contains enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins.
e. gallbladder: to store the bile and release it to the duodenum.
f. small intestines: to digest and absorb the nutrients and then spread it into the blood.
g. large intestines: to absorb/remove water from the undigested food.
h. rectum: to store feces before it pushes out.
i. anus: an opening where feces come out.
j. villi: a part of small intestines that absorb the nutrients from the digested food.
k. bile: to break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
14. We chewed the food in our mouth into smaller pieces. That is a mechanical digestion.
15. We break down food into its most basic parts, using enzymes, it is called chemical digestion. It
happens in the mouth, stomach, and intestines.
16. Explain the journey of food.
a. Mouth: We take in food into our mouth and then our teeth chew and grind the food into smaller
pieces. The saliva make it softer and easier to swallow. The food becomes soggy and is called
bolus.
b. Swallowing: The food moves down into esophagus / gullet using peristalsis and delivered into
the stomach.
c. Stomach: the food is mixed with enzymes and acid until it becomes liquid called chyme.
d. Small intestines: the nutrients from the food is digested and absorbed by the small intestines,
then into the blood.
e. Large intestines: the undigested food moves down the large intestines and the water is
absorbed.
f. Poop time: the waste materials is stored in the rectum and wait until it is pushed out from the
body by anus.
17. Explain what is:
a. diarrhea: a digestive disease when the stomach muscle moves too quickly and there is not
enough time to absorb the water from the undigested food.
b. constipation: a disease when the food moves to slowly and stays too long in the body, so the
water is too much absorbed. The feces then becomes hard and difficult to come out.
c. dysentery: an infectious disease that is characterized by inflammation in the intestines,
abdominal pain, feces that contains blood and mucus.
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18. How do we take care of our digestive system?
a. Eating healthy food
- fiber, fish, probiotics
- reduce too many fried food that contains fattening materials
b. Aiding digestion
- eat fruits and vegetables
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- drink a lot of water
c. Making sure that the food we eat is safe
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d. Exercise regularly
19. Label these organs in digestive system.
20. Reflection.
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