OFFICE MACHINE HANDOUT

Prepared by : Ephrem Bayulgn

COURSE contents

PART ONE : PRINTER AND SCANNER

Lesson 1: Laser jet printer

1.1 Main parts of laser jet

1.2 Disassembly and Reassembly steps

1.3 Toner cartridge models with compatible printer models

1.4 Problems of laser jet printer

Lesson 2 : Desk jet printer

2.1 Deskjet printer working principle and main parts

2.2 Deskjet printer print quality problems

Lesson 3: Scanner Machine

3.1 Scanner machine concept

3.2 Types of scanner

3.3 Scanner technology

3.4 Prominent features

3.5 Scanner working principle

3.6 Scanning Steps

3.7 How scanning is used?

3.8 Voltage distribution of scanner

3.9 Scanner machine Problems

PART TWO : DIGITAL COPIER

Lesson 4 : Digital copier

4.1 Main parts of digital copier

4.2 How a digital copier work?

4.3 Problem of digital copier

PART THREE: FAX MACHINE AND PROJECTOR

Lesson 5 : Fax Machine

5.1 Fax machine working principle and main parts

5.2 Fax machine problems

Lesson 6 : Projector

6.1 LCD projector

6.1.1 LCD projector working principle

6.1.2 LCD projector Problems

6.1.3 What is an LCD?

6.1.4 Simple facts that should be considered while making an LCD

6.1.5 How LCD used?

6.1.6 Advantage of LCD projector

 6.1.7 Disadvantage of LCD projector

6.1.8 Application of LCD projector

6.2 DLP projector working principle

6.2.1 What is a DLP?

6.2.2 DLP Projector Standard Specs

6.2.3 Factors that influence brightness needs include

6.2.4 DLP Added feature

6.2.5 DLP Types

6.2.6 Traditional DLP

6.2.7 Laser DLP projector

6.2.8 LED DLP projector

PART FOUR : MATERIAL USED FOR MAINTENING OFFICE MACHINE

PART ONE : PRINTER AND SCANNER

Lesson 1: Laser jet printer

Printer Machine :-is a machine used to print data from computer. There are two type of printer
-Laser Jet :- use Powder toner, Has fixing, has better speed, to print use charging of toner.

-Desk Jet :-use ink, has no fixing, has less speed, to make print use heating of ink.
Laser jet printer
1.Exit shaft

2.Fixing unit or Fuser unit

3.Conveyor

4.Power supply board

5.Formater Board

6.Multi feeder Pickup gear

7.laser writer or Beamer

8.Main Motor

9.Fixing driving gears

10.Fan
11.Gear box

12.Casset pick up gear

13.Registration clutch

1.1 Laser jet printer main parts

Laser jet printer has the following six main parts:-

1.laser writter

2.Toner cartirdage

3.Transfer charger

4.Fixing unit

5.Paper feeding path

6.Electrical parts

1. Laser writter:-is used to write data and which has the following main parts: The scanner is responsible
for writing an image to the photo conductive drum. The scanner consists of two components‘ the scanner
motor and a laser PCA. The laser pulses very rapidly while the scanner motor turns. This motor has a mirror
to spread the beam across the paper path. This assembly also has a feedback circuit to inform the DC
Controller that the scanner beam is present when operating. Foreign materials such as dust, dirt, and toner
can build up on the mirrors and cause a light or blurry print. This assembly has a shutter on it to prevent the
beam from exiting the scanner when the top cover is open. If the scanner is not installed properly and the
shutter is closed, you will, in most cases, get a blank does all the timing calculations in its microprocessor.
Sensors all report here. If a connector is not plugged into the controller, you can see where this would cause
problems.
Laser diode:-is used to convert data in the form of laser beam

Lenses:-are used to focus or concentrate the laser beam. There are two types concentrated and focusing
lenses., focusing lens has two sections concave and convex.

Scanner mirror :-Is used to reflect the beam at different angles to focusing lens to deliver the beam to opc.

Scanner motor :- is used to rotate scanner mirror.

Beam detector sensor:- to sens the presence of the beam on the beamer.

Beam deflector mirror :- is a small mirror which has 45 degree to reflect the beam at90 degree.

45 Degree mirror :-is used to reflect straight light to 90 degree that comes from focusing lens.

2.Toner cartridge:- is used to make images and which has the following main parts:
Toner:-is a mixture of iron oxide and carbon. Toner is essentially made of finely ground plastic. Other
ingredients are added that assist in the printing process. Silica keeps the toner particles loose and free flowing
inside the cartridge. Charge control agents, like ground iron, chromium and zinc, help maintain the charge
of the particles.

What’sInsideMyTonerCartridge?
Manufacturers use the same basic formulas when making color toners. More on specific toner ingredients
below:

ModernColorTonerIngredients

Modern color toners contain 85 to 95 percent plastic.This plastic is air milled into a superfine powder.The
image quality produced by your printer is determined by the size of the toner particles. Smaller particles
mean a sharper printed image. Colored toners contain specific pigment for each individual color.

YellowLaserToners:- Pigment yellow 180, composed of benzimidazole.

MagentaLaserToners:-Pigment red 122, composed of 2,9-dimethyl-quinacridone.

CyanLaserToners:-Pigment blue 15:3, composed of copper phthalocyanine.

Black Laser Toners:-Black toners still contain carbon black, as in early cartridge models, combined with
powdered plastic. Carbon black, which is essentially soot, is produced by burning tar or creosote and is a
class II carcinogen. It is carbon black that makes car tires black.

Sleeve(Magnetic cylinder) :- is a permanent magnet used to charge the toner with negative 600volts.

Doctor blade:- is ablade which is used to limit the amount of toner on sleeve(to keep sleeve toner uniform)
Opc(organic photo conductor) or Drum:-is a photo sensitive material when we expose at light which have
conductive property and at dark has insulator property. And which is used to transfer toner image to paper.

Primary Charger (PCR):-is used to charge opc with negative 600volts by rubbing process.

Cleaning blade:-is used to clean opc with every round.

3. Transfer charger :-is used to charge paper with posetive 600volts by using rubbing process.

4.Fixing unit:-is used to fuse the toner with paper. Has the following

main parts
Pressure roller:-is used to push the paper up.

Heater unit(Heat roller) :-has the following four main parts:

1. Thermal switch :-is used to protect over heat or voltage.

2. Heat element :-is used to release heat optimum temperature of (180 degrees)

3.Thermister sensor:-is used to sense the amount of heat of heat element.

4.Fuser film:-is used to transfer a uniform heat to the paper.

5. Paper feeding path :- is a path of paper. Has the following processes:

-Cassette(64-80)GM, (125-580) sheets of paper(1)

-Multifeeder(80-250)GM, (25-100)Sheets of paper(1)

-Opc(Drum) (2)

-Transfer charger(2)

-Heat roller(3)
-Pressure roller(3)

6.Electrical Parts:-is used to control overall activities of the machine.

LV(Low voltage power supply board) :-is used to step down 220volts Ac into three voltages 3.3Vdc, 5v
dc and 24v dc. And Lv is offer 220volt ac to fixing unit. LV board has the following two sections Primary
or Ac power supply and Secondary oe DC power supply.

Ac power supply

The AC power supply is responsible for doing two things. First, it supplies the fuser with the power to create
heat. Once inside the printer, the majority of the power flows to the fuser. The AC power supply is also
responsible for supplying the DC power supply with a clean power source. The AC power supply has a fuse
right after the power goes from the cord to the unit.

This fuse is there to ensure that if a short circuit condition occurs that it prevents the unit from burning the
building down. If this fuse is open or blown be sure to replace it with the same current rating. If the fuse
opens again, you have a problem in the machine that requires replacement of a module.

DC power supply
From the AC power supply, the power goes to the DC power module. You may be wondering why the printer
requires an AC and DC power supply. The reason is that the power comes into the printer as Alternating
Current (DC power). Most electronics and semiconductors use direct Current (AC power) as a power
source.This is the same way a computer power supply works. The DC power supply is responsible for turning
the 120 or 220 volt AC into DC voltages (typical voltages are 24v 5v, and 3.3v ). These voltages are regulated.
With an unregulated power supply, when the current draw increases, the voltage decreases. A regulated
power supply has a constant output, even if the current draw changes or the input voltage changes. There
will come a point when the unit will go into protect mode (such as an over current, or an input voltage too
low situation). Basically, this will shut the unit off until the problem corrects itself. If one of these voltages
is missing, the unit will not operate properly. The 24 volt line is used for motors, fans, and clutches /
solenoids. The 5 volt line is used for sensors and the logic. The 3.3 volt line is used for logic. The DC power
supply feeds voltage to the HVPS , DC Controller, scanner and formatter.

Formatter board:-is used to distribute voltages, to receive data from computer, and to control over all
machine activities.

:-Receive thee volts and use 3.3 for biassing

:-it deliver 5vdc to sensors.

:-24volt is distribute to motors, fan, solinoid, control panel, and HV board.

The formatter is responsible for a few things. Its main function is to interpret data from external inputs and
convert them to a language the !CC can understand. The formatter interfaces with network cards (EIO, MIO),
internal printer hard disks, ROM, RAM, firmware, and font DIMMS. In some of the newer printers, the
formatter can send signals back to the computer to inform it of any important information to the user (such
as a paper jam or out of paper condition).
The HP printer formatter is responsible for relaying printer status information to the control panel, along with
monitoring the input from the control panel. In most machines, the printer can still perform basic functions
without having the printer formatter attached to the machine. This is done by using the engine test button on

the machine.

HV(High Voltage) :-is used to make step up 24volt to 600volts and deliver to toner by sleeve negatively,
Opc by using primary charger negatively, and positively by using transfer to charge paper. The HP Laser
Printer High Voltage Power Supply (HVPS). The HVPS takes the DC voltage and turns it into a high voltage
source of AC and DC power. This voltage gets supplied to the toner cartridge, transfer roller and fuser. It's
used in the toner cartridge to clean and condition the drum. The transfer roller uses another voltage to transfer
the toner from the drum to the paper. The fuser uses a voltage to prevent toner adhesion to the rollers in some
models. One of the voltages is fed through the toner hopper and back to the HVPS to inform the machine
that the toner cartridge is present or low on toner. If the HVPS is not functioning properly, you will have an
imaging problem or false toner condition. In some cases all signs will point to the HVPS as the culprit when
in fact it is a bad contact between the HVPS and the toner cartridge or transfer roller. Corrosion and foreign
particles in the machine can cause intermittent problems with the HVPS.
Dc controller:-is used to distribute Dc volts to different engine parts like Motors, Fans, solinoid, clutch,
sensors, HV and it receives command from Formatter board.
Photo intrruptor sensor:-is a shaft dependent sensor, found overall paper feeding path to send proper paper
movement to Dc controller. Which is made from two diodes LED and PD the light communication bln them
is infrared.

Control pannel :- is used to transfer command signal from user to the machine Formatter board and to
display instructions from machine Formatter board to user.
Main motor :-is a brushless type motor rotation is one direction, which is used to move overall paper feeding
paths. The amount of Main motor determine the speed of the machine, most machine have only one motor
the maximum speed of page print per minute is 35,but machines which have three motors can have the
maximum speed of page print per minute is 71.
Solinoid :- is a coil found at the casset multifeeder, and dupplex unit, which is used to pick the paper once,
to lift casset paper tray, and to reverse the paper direction to print both side.

Fan :--is used to cool Fixing unit , Dupplex unit, Toner cartirdage and separate the paper. A machine can
have many fans. Like rear, front, dupplex… and also they have different errors for example in hp laser jet
P4015, P4014, P4515.
Error Fan Info Fan. Location P.N.

57.01 FN102 R rear RK2- 1992

57.03 FN103 R front RK2- 1989

57.04 FN101 L rear RK2- 1988

57.05 Duplex Fan In Duplexer NA - separately.

57.07 FN301 L front RK2- 1991

Clutch :- is a coil used to synchronize the movement of paper with image formation on opc drum. Which is
called registration clutch.
Solioned:-is a coil used to pick the paper once from casset, multifeeder, dupplix unit….
Summary

1.Charging

2.Exposure

3.Developing

4.Transfer

5.Cleaning

6.Fixing
1.2 Toner cartridge models with compatible printer models

Cartri Size Printer models Extr

dge normal( a
Mode A) page larg
ls print e
(x)
pag
e
prin
t
05A, Mediu HP LaserJet 650
80A m 2300 pro M400,M401,M425, P2030 Series P2033 P2033N 0
P2034 P2034n P2035 P2035N P2036 P2036N P2037

64A Large HP laser jet 4014,4015,4015,P4011 P4012 P4013 P4014 240

10000 P4014DN P4014N P4014nw P4015 P4015DN P4015N 00
P4015TN P4015X P4016A P4017 P4500 Series ...
90A Large HP laser jet 600,601,602,603 240
10000 00
35A, Small HP laser jet m1212, P1002, P1003, P1004, 300
85A 2000 P1005,P1006, P1009. 0

83A Small HP laser jet 1102, Pro: M125, M125a, M125nw, 220
1500 M127fn, M127fw, M201, M201dw, M201n, M225, 0
M225dn, M225w.
49A Mediu HP laser jet 1320, 1160, 1160Le, 1320, 1320n, 1320nw, 600
m 2500 1320t, 1320tn, 3390, and 3392 printers. 0

53A Mediu HP laser jet 2014,2015 HP, M2727nf, M2727nfs MFP. 700
m 3000 0
P2015. P2015D. P2015DN.P2015X.

37A Large Hp laser jet Enterprise M607, M608, M609, M631, 250
11000 M632, M633 ... 00

89A Large HP LaserJet Enterprise M507dn, M507dng; HP LaserJet 100

5000 Enterprise M507n, M507x, MFP M528c, MFP M528dn, 00
MFP M528f, MFP M528z, MFP E52645c, MFP
E52645dn.
26A Mediu HP laser jet pro 402,403,404, MFP M426dw MFP 900
m 3100 M426fdn MFP M426fdw 0
55A Mediu HP laser jet 3014,3015, M525dn/M525f/M525c, 125
m 6000 LaserJet M521dn, M521dw, and HP LaserJet P3015d, 00
P3015dn, P3015n, P3015x.
17A Small16 Hp LaserJet Pro M102a, M102w, MFP M130a, MFP 500
00 M130fn, MFP M130fw, and MFP M130nw printers. 0

51A Mediu HP laser jet 130

m 6500 00
M302 M3027 M302mfp M3035
M3035xs M3027x P3005 P3005d
P3005dn P3005n P3005x

98A Mediu Hp LaserJet 4, 4 Plus., 4m.4m Plus.5,5m, 5n, 5se. 880

m 6800 0

42A Large HP LaserJet 4200 4200DTN 4200DTNS 4200DTNSL 180

10000 4200LN 4200N 4200TN 4300 4300DTN 4300DTNS 00
4300DTNSL 4300N 4300TN 4250
15A Small HP laser jet 1200,1300HP LaserJet 1000, 1200, 1220, 350
2500 3300, 3310, 3320, 3330, and 3380 Printer series 0

12A Small HP LaserJet 1010,1012,1015, 1018.1020,1022n, 230

2000 P3015,3030,3052,M3019f, 3055,3020 All-in-One. 0

81A Large Hp Laser Jet M604,M605,M606,M630,M632 180

10500 00
37A Large11 HP laser jet M608,M609,M631,M632 250
000 00
59A Mediu Hp LaserJet Pro M404n, Pro M404dn, Pro M404dw, 100
m 3000 Pro MFP M428dw, Pro MFP M428fdn, Pro MFP 00
M428fdw, Pro M304a.
87A Mediu Hp LaserJet Enterprise M501n, M506dn, M506x, MFP 180
m M527f, MFP M527dn, FLOW MFP M527c. 00
9000

89A Mediu Hp LaserJet P4011 P4012 P4013 P4014 P4014DN 100

m 5000 P4014N P4014nw P4015 P4015DN P4015N P4015TN 00
P4015X P4016A P4017 P4500 Series ...
27A Mediu Hp LaserJet 4000,4000N, 4000SE, 4000T, 4000TN, 100
m 6000 4050, 4050N, 4050SE. 00

78A Small Hp laser jet M 1560, Pro M1536dnf, M1537dnf, 300

2100 M1538dnf, M1539dnf, P1566, and P1606dn printers. 0

10A, Mediu Hp LaserJet 2300, 2300L, 2300d, 2300dn, 2300dtn, 800

72A, m 6000 2300n. 0
73A,
74A,
76A
11A Mediu Hp LaserJet 2420,2420d.2420dn, 2420n, 2430, 120
m 6000 2430dtn, 2430n, 2430tn. 00

27A Mediu HP LaserJet 4000, 4000N, 4000SE. 4000T, 4000TN, 600

m 5000 4050, 4050N, 4050SE. 0

96A Mediu Hp LaserJet 2100, 2100m, 2100se, 2100tn, 2100xi, 100

m 5000 2200, 2200d. 2200dn. 00

13A Small HP LaserJet 1000 1000W 1005W 1150 1200 1200N 400
2500 1200SE Series 1220 1220SE 1300 1300N 1300T 13 0
28A Mediu Hp laser jet 400
36A/ m 3000 M403/M403dn/M403n/M403d/Pro/MFP/M427/M427d 0
78A/ w/M427fdn/M427f
326/3
28/
337/9
25
Toner
1.3 Steps to Disassembly and Reassembly of A4 size HP Laser Jet
printers, Canon faxes, and Hp laser jet faxes.

# Medium type printers(ppm 30-40): LaserJet

2055/2035/pro400,pro401,2015/1320/pro402.... 409/502.... 509

Disassembly

1.Remove from back left and right cover

2.Remove back cover

3.Remove Top cover

4.Remove Front cover

Reassembly

4-3-2-1

# Large printers (ppm 41-62)-: Hp laser jet

4200/4250/4300/4350/4014/4015/4515/600/601/602/603/604/605/606/607/608/609

Disassembly

1.Remove Top cover

2.Remove Formatter board

3.Remove Left and right cover

4.Remove Back cover

5.Remove Front cover

Reassembly

5-4-3-2-1

# Small printers (ppm 20-28) : Hp laser jet 1005/1102/1018/1020

Disassembly

1.Remove Front cover

2.Remove left and right cover

3.Remove back cover

4.Remove Top cover

Reassembly

4-3-2-1

# Small All in one MFP Fax(ppm 25-30) : Hp laser jet

m1212/m125/m127/m128/m130/m131/m132

: Canon L150/L170/L190

Disassembly

1.Remove left and Right cover

2.Unplug scanner part cables from Formatter board

3.Remove scanner

4.Remove front paper cover

 5.Remove top covers

6.Remove Back cover over

Reassemble

6-5-4-3-2-1

1.4 laser jet printer Problems

There are four types

1. Error codes

2. Print quality

3. Mechanical

4. Electrical and computer related

1.List of Error Codes

If an error occurs in printing, for example if the paper runs out or jams, a troubleshooting message appears
automatically. Take the appropriate action described in the message.

When an error occurs, a message appears on the computer screen and an error code on the LCD. For some
errors, a support code (error number) appears.

-The Alarm lamp lights up and an error code appears.

The ON lamp and Alarm lamp flash alternately and an error code appears.

The error code appears on the LCD one by one.

If the error code is "E03":

Check the error code on the LCD and the support code corresponding with it.

To start of the list, let’s go through the error codes which you can solve by yourself with just a few clicks or
through a power cycle.
 HP Laser Jet Printer Error Codes

If your HP LaserJet printer has stopped working then it will probably also display an error message. These
error messages are there to help you troubleshoot and repair yours LaserJet’s fault. Different models have
slightly different wording for the error, but the troubleshooting tips are generally the same.

Common HP Printer Error Messages

Many HP printer error messages are common amongst the range, both old and new. Many, such as 11 – Paper
Out, may seem fairly self-explanatory but could actually be the result of something else. Here’s our quick
guide to the most common HP printer error codes, what the error codes mean and how to fix them.

E-02 :- Warming Up
Explanation:
This is commonly associated with printer cable or driver problems.

What to do:
Turn off the printer and remove the printer cable (USB or I/O cable), then turn it back on. If the printer
reports "Ready" then first update the driver, and if not resolved then the printer cable. If there is still an error,
there may be a hardware problem.

E-10 - Supplies Memory Error

Explanation:
Your printer has a problem with the toner cartridge chip, which it's unable to read. This is the electronic
information, or e-label, on the print cartridge.

What to do:
First of all try resetting the printer by turning it on and off. If this doesn't work remove and reinstall the
cartridge or replace it. If is still doesn't work then you may have a hardware fault.

E-11 - Paper Out

Explanation:
If your printer isn't out of paper, this probably means there's a problem with the paper tray or paper sensor.

What to do: Make sure your printer is on a completely flat surface. Check the paper trays for any damage
and clean away any toner build up. If not resolved, check the paper sensor or clean the opto-sensor.

E-12 - Open or No EP

Explanation:
If you printer does have toner cartridges installed correctly, this means either a cover is open or you may
have defective cooling fans or PS5 sensors.
What to do:
Check the all toners are installed correctly and that all covers are closed properly. If the problem persists you
may have a hardware problem.

HP Error Code:
E -13 - Paper Jam

Explanation:
Your printer has a paper jam. Paper jams can occur at four stages: pickup, printing, fusing and exit. Modern
HP printers will indicate where the jam has occurred. If using thick paper, check the HP paper guide for your
printer.

What to do:
Either follow the on screen guidance, if available, or methodically check for the paper jam in the customer
accessible areas of the printer. Don't attempt to use hard implements to remove paper at the risk of damage
to the printer and yourself. If the problem persists you may have a hardware failure.
E-14 - No EP Cartridge

Explanation:
Your printer either doesn't have a toner cartridge installed or doesn't recognise one that is.

What to do: Removing and reinstalling the toner cartridge normally resolves the problem.

E-16 - Toner Low

Explanation:
This normally means that your toner cartridge is either low on toner or empty. However it may mean that the
remaining printer toner isn't distributed evenly.

What to do:
Try removing the toner cartridge and gently shaking it to evenly distribute the remaining toner. Once
depleted, replace the cartridge.

E-20 - Memory Overflow

Explanation:
Your print job exceeds the current memory capacity of the printer.

What to do:
You need to reduce the size of your print job. You can try reducing the DPI or unticking the collate option
in the printer driver. You can also try making the document or image more simple. Alternatively you can
install additional memory if available.

E-21 - Print Overrun

Explanation:
Your print job exceeds the current memory capacity of the printer.

What to do:
You need to reduce the size of your print job. You can try reducing the DPI or unticking the collate option
in the printer driver. You can also try making the document or image more simple. Alternatively you can
install additional memory of available.

E-22 - I/O Configuration

Explanation:
There's a communication problem between the printer and the computer.

What to do:
Where possible, try connecting to a different port on the computer. Try another cable and make sure the
computer is turned on and the cable is fully inserted at both ends. If this doesn't help there may be a hardware
issue.

E-24 - Job Memory Full

Explanation:
Too many print jobs have been send to the printer, or the job is too complex for the printer memory to process.

What to do:
You need to reduce the size of your print job. You can try reducing the DPI or unticking the collate option
in the printer driver. You can also try making the document or image more simple. Alternatively you can
install additional memory if available.

E-25 - XXX Memory Full

Explanation:
Too many print jobs have been send to the printer, or job is too complex for the printer memory to process.

What to do:
You need to reduce the size of your print job. You can try reducing the DPI or unticking the collate option
in the printer driver. You can also try making the document or image more simple. Alternatively you can
install additional memory if available.
E-30 - PS Error 16

Explanation:
This is commonly associated with PostScript firmware errors. It may also be triggered by PCL files being
sent while the print is in PS mode or a bad PostScript file.

What to do:
Reseat the PostScript SIMM or replace it. Try printing an alternative PostScript file to rule out a bad file.

E-30.1.1 - Disk Failure

Explanation:
Your printer's hard disk drive has crashed.

What to do:
You can normally resolve this by pressing the SELECT button. If it persists you may have a hardware
problem.

E-40 - Data Transfer Error

Explanation:
The connection between the computer and printer has been broken.

What to do:
Check/replace all cables as required. Ensure that any EIO boards are seated properly. If networked, check to
ensure the IP settings in the printer and driver haven't changed and match. You can sometimes press SELECT
to continue printing however print data may be lost; simply reprint the missing pages.

E-41 - Temporary Print Engine Error

Explanation:
The printer has experienced a temporary printer engine error, which can normally be easily resolved.

What to do:
Turn the printer off at the machine, then the mains and leave for 30 seconds. Turn back on and resend the
print job if necessary.

E-49 - Printer Error or Communication Error

Explanation:
There can be a few causes of this error depending on the model, which tend to be associated with firmware
errors, cable problems or hardware issues.

What to do:
First try turning the print off and on again. If the problem persists try updating the firmware and replacing
the printer communication cables or reseating memory modules. If unresolved then it is most likely a
hardware problem.

E-50.x - Fuser Error

Explanation:
The printer fuser is faulty or the supporting circuits or power are at fault. The additional 50.xnumber
indicates:
50.1 Low temperature. Fuser is failing to warm up.
50.2 Warm up failure. The warm-up period timed out. This could be a power supply or firmware issue.
50.3 High temperature. The main thermistor is too hot. Likely to be a control circuit issue.
50.4 Faulty fuser (or Bad AC line voltage). Moderately likely to be bad mains supply (UPS, generator,
extensions)
50.5 Inconsistent fuser or Wrong type fuser installed. The printer has detected the wrong fuser.
50.6 Open fuser. Fuser heater cut-off. The fuser possibly overheated.
50.7 Fuser pressure release mechanism failure. Fuser drive motor or the pressure release doesn't work
50.8 Lower fuser temperature (sub-thermistor). Secondary thermistor detects a fault
50.9 High fuser temperature (sub-thermistor).
What to do:
These faults typically needed assistance from an experienced HP engineer.

E-51 - Beam Detect Error

Explanation:
On older model this normally indicates the tab on the bottom of the cartridge that opens the laser shutter is
missing/snapped off. On new models it can be a problem with the whole laser scanner unit.

What to do:
If it's an older printer then check to see if the tab is missing and if so replace the toner cartridge. New models
may need the laser scanner assembly replacing.

E-52 - Incorrect Scanner Speed Error

Explanation:
The printer uses a polygon mirror to reflect the laser beam across the imaging unit. This error code and HP
error codes 52.1 and 52.2 indicate a problem with this process.

What to do:
These faults typically needed assistance from an experienced HP engineer.

E-54 - Printer Error Cycle Power

Explanation:
There are many causes for this error code. On some models it means the sealing tape hasn't been removed
from the toner cartridge, which is easily resolved.

What to do:
Check whether tape has been left on the printer cartridges and remove it, if not then this error code typically
requires assistant from a HP engineer.
E-55 - Internal Communication Problem / Controller Error

Explanation:
Most likely a poor connection between the DC controller and the formatter. Either or both may have a fault,
although this can sometimes be attributed to a faulty fusers, laser assemblies, firmware DIMMS or driver
problems.

What to do:
These faults typically needed assistance from an experienced HP engineer.

E-56 - Printer Device Error

Explanation:
This error message can relate to a number of different issues depending upon the model.

What to do:
Try one or more of the following, depending upon your HP printer:
1. Make sure all paper trays are correctly installed
2. Reinstall the stacker or staple/stacker
3. You may be trying to incorrectly print transparencies through the duplex unit
4. You may be trying to print envelopes whilst in duplex mode
5. Check the printer's configuration to ensure it is correct
6. Turn the print off for 30 seconds and turn on again

E-57.xx - Fan Failure / Gears Seized / Memory Card Error

Explanation:
On modern HP printers this code indicates a failure of one or more fans, on older machines gears seized or
memory problems.

What to do:
These faults typically needed assistance from an experienced HP engineer.
E-58.xx Error

Explanation:
There are many causes for this error code, depending upon the model it can mean: environmental sensor
error, memory controller problem, fan problem, power problem or DC controller fault.
What to do:
These faults typically needed assistance from an experienced HP engineer.

E-59 - Motor Error

Explanation:
The printer has a motor error, possibly relating to the main motor, fuser motor, image drum motor or ETC
motor. On older models HP error code 59 relates to memory problems.

What to do:
If you have an older model then reseating or changing the memory may resolve the issue. All new models
typically require assistance from an experienced HP engineer.

E-60.xx

Explanation:
On new printers this relates to a motorised tray lift error. On older models HP error code 60 relates to memory
problems.

What to do:
If you have an older model then reseating or changing the memory may resolve the issue. All new models
with tray lift problems can often be resolved by checking for obstructions such as paperclips or other objects.

E-61 - Formatter , Memory Error

Explanation:
Your printer either has improperly fitted or bad memory SIMMs or a defective formatter board.

What to do:
Try simply reseating the memory chips. If this doesn't work and replacing the chips still doesn't resolve the
problem then you may have to replace the formatter board.

E-62 - Memory Error, Defective Formatter Board

Explanation:
Your printer either has improperly fitted or bad memory SIMMs or a defective formatter board.

What to do:
Try simply reseating the memory chips. If this doesn't work and replacing the chips still doesn't resolve the
problem then you may have to replace the formatter board.

E-63 - Defective Formatter Board

Explanation:
Your printer either has improperly fitted or bad memory Simms or a defective formatter board.

What to do:
Try simply reseating the memory chips. If this doesn't work and replacing the chips still doesn't resolve the
problem then you may have to replace the formatter board.

E-64 - Scan Buffer Error

Explanation:
Depending up your model this can be a number of different things including: defective D.C. controller,
improperly fitted or bad firmware DIMMs or defective formatter board.

What to do:
Turn the printer off at the machine, then the mains and leave for 30 seconds. If the error code still shows, try
reseating the DIMMs and formatter board. If this doesn't solve the problem then replace the DIMMs and then
the formatter board.

E-65 - Scan Buffer Error

Explanation:
Depending up your model this can be a number of different things including: defective D.C. controller,
improperly fitted or bad firmware dimms or defective formatter board.

What to do:
Turn the printer off at the machine, then the mains and leave for 30 seconds. If the error code still shows, try
reseating the dimms and formatter board. If this doesn't solve the problem then replace the dimms and then
the formatter board.

E-66 - External Paper Handling Device Error

Explanation:
This fault means there's a problem with one or more additional paper or envelope trays or finishing units,
such as a staple finisher.
What to do:
Turn the printer off, checking the connections between all the accessories and that they move freely, where
applicable. If this doesn't resolve the problem you may have sensor or board problems that require that
attention of an engineer.

E-67 - Service Printer Error or Memory Error

Explanation:
Depending up your model this can be a number of different things including: a temporary error, defective
paper guide, a break in communication, controller board error or defective SIMMs.

What to do:
Turn off your printer and check that the paper trays are inserted correctly and aren't damage. Check whether
the I/O printer cable is installed correctly and not damaged, perhaps try using a different cable to test. Reseat
any SIMMs or replace if necessary. If a controller board needs replacing you may need an engineer.

E-68 - Error in NVRAM. Service Error NVRAM full

Explanation:
The NVRAM is full, meaning some actions can't be processed.

What to do:
Try resetting the NVRAM. First of all print out a configuration page, you'll need this to re-enter any details.
Now reset by holding down "Reset" or "Cancel Job" for 20 seconds while powered on. Print off a second
configuration page and re-enter any details that are missing. If this doesn't resolve the problem you may need
a new formatter board.

E-69 - Duplexer Error has Occurred

Explanation:
The printer has a problem with duplex unit, this is the unit that enables the printer to print double-sided.

What to do:
Check the duplex unit and reseat and clear any obstructions that may be causing the error. If the error persists
you may need a new duplex unit.

E-70 - Faulty MIO Card or SIMMs or Wrong Cartridge

Explanation:
Either the SIMM or cartridge installed is incompatible with the printer or the MIO card is faulty (older
models).

What to do:
Check the SIMMs or cartridge to ensure they are intended for your machine. Faulty MIO problems are very
rare.

E-71 - Faulty MIO Card or SIMMs or Wrong Cartridge

Explanation:
Either the SIMM or cartridge installed is incompatible with the printer or the MIO card is faulty (older
models).

What to do:
Check the SIMMs or cartridge to ensure they are intended for your machine. Faulty MIO problems are very
rare.

E-72 - Defective Font Cartridge or Formatter Board

Explanation:
Either the font cartridge is defective, or was removed during access, or the formatter board is defective.

What to do:
Turn the printer off and on and see if this resolves the problem. Check the font cartridge is installed correctly.
Replace the font cartridge, if unresolved the formatter board may need replacing.

E-79 - Critical Hardware Error has Occurred

Explanation:
Your printer has a defective accessories of some kind, possibly related to memory, I/O cards or a firmware
issue.

What to do:
Update to the latest firmware to rule out this issue. If unresolved, remove all cards/accessories and replace
one by one to identify what is at fault.

E-80 - Defective Network Card or Formatter Board

Explanation:
Your printer has a defective accessory of some kind, possibly related to memory, I/O cards or a firmware
issue.

What to do:
Updated to the latest firmware to rule out this issue. If unresolved, remove all cards/accessories and replace
one my one to identify what is at fault. If unresolved the formatter board may need replacing.

E-81 - Defective Network Card or Formatter Board

Explanation:
Your printer has a defective accessory of some kind, possibly related to memory, I/O cards or a firmware
issue.

What to do:
Updated to the latest firmware to rule out this issue. If unresolved, remove all cards/accessories and replace
one my one to identify what is at fault. If unresolved the formatter board may need replacing.

E-89 - PostScript ROM Failure

Explanation:
Your PS ROM may be improperly located or have damaged pins, or may be defective.

What to do:
Firstly turn the printer off and on to see if this resolves the problem. If not then check the PS ROM for any
damage and reseat. If the problem remains then you may need to replace the PS ROM.

E-99 - Firmware Upgrade

Explanation:
There has been a flash firmware failure
2.Print quality problems

*White:-Dirt on mirrors and lens (clean).

:-Toner is not charged with connection problem(Clean)

:-High voltage power supply board problem (Replace)

*White stripe:-Dirt on mirrors and lens on laser writer partially(clean)

:-Dirt on transfer charger partially (clean).

:- Worn out of OPC (Replace)

:-Scratch on fused film with circle (Replace)

:-Scratch on pressure roller with circle (Replace).

*Sporting :even:-Scratch on opc once (Replace)

. :-Dirt on Sleeve (Clean)

:- Scratch on sleeve once (Replace)

 :Un- even:-Toner quality problem (Remove and Refill)

*Black:-Full of wasted toner (Remove).

:-Obstacle around wast tanker (Remove).

;-Sleeve problem (Replace)

:-Doctor blade (Replace)

*Black Stripe:-Scratch on opc with circle and cleaning blade problem (Replace both opc and blade).
*Ghosting:-Expired on fuser film, primary charger or pressure roller (Replace one of the three).

*Raster:-Expired on toner ( Remove and Refill).

:-Opc not discharged with connection problem (adjust)

:- Sleeve problem (Replace)

:- High voltage power supply problem (Replace)

*One black line:-lower whipper deformation problem (Replace toner cartridge).

:- Scratch on PCR with circle (Replace)

*Dark:-Opc is not charged with connection problem (adjust).

:-High voltage power supply board problem(Replace)

*Striped print:-splitting of fuser film or worn out of pressure roller (Replace one of the two).

*Page margins shift:-Formatted board problem (Replace).

*Dark with black print or Inver bagroud:-High voltage power supply board problem (Replace)

Mechanical problems

Greater than or equal to two or more paper pick :-worn out of pick up roller (Replace)

:-worn out of separating pad (Adjust)

Symptom

Sound→Gear Brocken→Paper jam→stop operation

Factors

-Misplacement bln gears

-Obstacle bln gears

-Lack of lubrication bln gears

4.Electrical and computer related problems

A. Electrical problems

*Power dead, on immediately off:-Lv or low voltage power supply board problem (Repair).

B. Computer Related problems

*No print :-Driver loading problem (Load)

:-USB data cable problem (Replace)

:-USB port loos connection from Formatted board (Resolder or Replace)

:-Parallel port pin bend (Return) or Remove ( Replace data cable).

:-Computer virus problem

:-Computer set up problem

:-Compatibility problem of computer operating system with printer formatter board port.

Computer os. Printer port

1.Window XP ----------------------- Ps2,VGA, Serial, and parallel

2.window 7(32bits) ---------------------- USB 2.0 and USB 3.0,psrallel

3.Window 8( 32bits or 64bit) ----------- USB 2.0 and USB 3.0

4.window 10 or 11(64bits) --------------- HDMI, USB 2.0 and USB 3.0

*False data print :-Driver problem(Reload)

:-computer over load problem (cancel the previous files)

 :-formatter board stacking problem(Restore →Replace).

Lesson 2: Desk jet Printer

2.1 Desk jet Printer working principle and main parts
A desk jet printer has the following ten main parts

1 .Print head:-is used to print data and has ink cartridges (Cyan , Magenta , yellow ,

Black ), carriage and print head board.

2.Encoder stripe:-is to guide movement of print head
3.Print head sensor:-is to sens the movement of print head.
4.Print head motor:- is to move print head left to right and vice versa.
5.Timing belt :-is to connect print head with print head motor.
6.Paper feeding motor:-is to move paper
7.Disk encoder:-is to guide movement of paper
8.Paper feeding sensor:- is to sens movement of paper
9.Service station motor:- is to clean ink cartridges
10.Electrical part:-is to control overall activities of the machine.
Take input voltage 220volt acto charger or low voltage and make step down and out 32volts dc to logic board
then it take 3.3 and deliver 5 to sensors, control pannel and print head board, and 24 to motors.

2.2 Deskjet Print quality problems

1.white, white strip horizontally, color miss:-ink refilling mechanism(adjust)
:-ink is clogged (hot or suck)
:-print head board problem (Replace)
2.Smudging and Skewing :- lack of periodic servicing (Clean)
3.All LED display :-Logic board problem(Replace)

Lesson 3: Scanner Machine

3.1 Scanner machine concept :- A machine used to convert a hard document to soft signal on computer
display. And also a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages, and
similar sources for computer editing and display. Scanners come in hand-held,feed-in, and flatbed types and
for scanning black-and-white only, or color. Very high resolution scanners are used for scanning for high-
resolution printing, but lower resolution scanners are adequate for capturing images for computer display.
Scanners usually come with software, such as Ad hiobe's Photoshop product, that lets you resize and
otherwise modify a captured image.
3.2 Types of scanner

The four common scanner types are: Flatbed, Sheet-fed, Handheld, and Drum scanners.

Flatbed Scanners

Flatbed scanners are some of the most commonly used scanners as it has both home and office functions.
The way they scan documents is that a mechanism rolls under the document to obtain the image. For
businesses that have a need for high processing abilities, the flatbed scanner can scan any number of
documents with a click of a button.

Sheet-Fed Scanners

Sheet-fed scanners cost between $300 and $800. This type of scanner works like a flatbed scanner except
that the image is fed through the scanner and moves along the beam to be read rather than the beam moving.
This type is not useful for books, but only single sheets.

The aforementioned scanner types are the most common types of scanners used in homes and small offices.

Integrated Scanners

Integrated scanners are becoming one of the most modern types of scanners when it comes to obtaining
images. ATMs feature this type of built-in scanner for check-processing and approval.

These types of scanners are used mainly for capturing a picture and producing at a very high resolution rate.
There are only a few companies that make these scanners, considering the high cost of producing a scanner
such as this. It is considered as a tremendous upgrade to a regular flatbed scanner.

Portable Scanners

Portable scanner are designed to capture text and other data while you are on the go. The scanner is powered
by batteries and once you scan the text, the content is stored on the portable scanner. Once you get home,
you can transfer the content to a computer. Transferring to your computer is done by using a cable or a
wireless connection.
3.3 Scanner technology is everywhere and used in many ways:

Flatbed scanners, also called desktop scanners, are the most versatile and commonly used scanners. In fact,
this article will focus on the technology as it relates to flatbed scanners.

Sheet-fed scanners are similar to flatbed scanners except the document is moved and the scan head is
immobile. A sheet-fed scanner looks a lot like a small portable printer.

Handheld scanners use the same basic technology as a flatbed scanner, but rely on the user to move them
instead of a motorized belt. This type of scanner typically does not provide good image quality. However, it
can be useful for quickly capturing text.

Drum scanners are used by the publishing industry to capture incredibly detailed images. They use a
technology called a photomultiplier tube (PMT). In PMT, the document to be scanned is mounted on a glass
cylinder. At the center of the cylinder is a sensor that splits light bounced from the document into three
beams. Each beam is sent through a color filter into a photomultiplier tube where the light is changed into an
electrical signal.

3.4 Prominent features of a scanner include:

Reliability - Unlike certain forms of data transmission, scanning involves only transfer of hard images to
digital forms. The role of the end-user is limited in case of scanning. And as they are not dependent on two-
way communication, they can also help in storing important information or transmitting important
information.

Efficiency - Modern scanners are built for efficiency and speed. And it comes with ease of use as well as
convenience.

Quality - Scanning ensures the best resolution possible for digital images. Compared to fax machines, which
may find it difficult to reproduce the accurate details, scanners can reproduce images with high resolution
and precisions. They are quite useful for photography and engineering arenas.
Cost saving - One of the biggest advantage of scanning is the replacement of physical files/forms with digital
ones. Along with saving physical space, which has to be used for storage, there are also environmental
benefits by using scanner.

3.5 Scanner working principle

:-has the following main parts and scanning processes

CCFL (Cold cathode florescent lamp) :-is a lamp which is used to expose the document to light.

Mirrors:-are used to reflect the light.

Lens:-is used to focus the reflected light.

CCD (Charge coupled device) :-is used to convert light analogue signal to binary signal

Logic board:-is used to detect colour signal, to send data to computer, and to distribute voltages to different
parts.

Scanner motor:-is a stepper motor which is used to move scanner assembly.

Timing belt:-is used to connect scanner assembly and scanner motor.

Stabilizer bar:-is used to hold the assembly.

3.6 Scanning Steps

CCFL(1)--Document(2)--Mirrors(3)--Lens(4)--CCD(5)--Logic board(6)--Computer(7)

3.7 How scanning is used?

1. The image to be scanned is placed on top of the scanner’s glass plate

2. The computer sends instructions to the logic board about how far the motor is to run and how fast

3. The logic board instructions place the scanning unit into an appropriate position to begin scanning

4. The scanning unit moves across the image to be scanned at a speed designated by the logic board
instruction

5. As the scanning unit moves across the image, a light source shines on the image

6. The light strikes the image, reflects, and is then reflected by a series of mirrors to the scanner lens

7. The light passes through the scanner lens and reaches the CCD sensors

8. CCD sensors measure the amount of light reflected through the image and converts the light to an analog
voltage

9. The analog voltage is changed to digital values by an ADC – analog to digital converter

10. The digital signals from the CCDs are sent to the logic board and transmitted back to the computer

The information is stored in the computer as an electronic file made up of pixels. The group of pixels is
changed into a picture by the TWAIN scanning software.
3.8 Voltage distribution of scanner

220vac is enter to charger and make step down to 12vdc and deliver this volt different parts of the machine
by using logic board and take scanner motor 12vdc, 5 vdc to control panel, sensor and CCD parallely. Then
CCD takes 5vdc to inverter board and makes it step up from 650vac to 1250vac and deliver to CCFL to give
light.

3.9 Scanner Machine Problems

Black, Spotting, Black stripe or light image:-Dirt on mirrors and lens (Clean with lint free cloth).

Restart, Color missed up, Stand by, No scan, and False data scan:-Logic board problem (Replace)

White :-Internal data cable bending problem (Replace)

:-CCD board problem (Replace).

Spaced scanning or E-23 :-Inverter board problem.

Start scan and stop:- Scanner motor or sag of timing belt(Replace one of the two).

Power dead:-charger, power cable, socket outlet, decider... Problem (Check and repair or replace)

Colored stripe :-CCFL problem (Replace scanner assembly)

PART TWO : PHOTOCOPY MACHINE

Lesson 4 : Photocopy machine

A machine used to make similar kinds of original document. Photocopy is a unique process that depends on
chemical, electrical, mechanical and software know-how. The rapid and economical digital printing process
easily produces either one print or hundreds of identical prints in black and white or color. There are two
types.

Heavy duty :- make copy (90-130)pages per minutes, has greater than sixty kilograms, has no fixing, and
use. stencil paper

Light duty :- make copy(7-66)pages per minutes, has less than sixty kilograms, has fixing, and has no stensil
paper.

Light duty copier

There are two types:-

Analogue and Digital

1. Analogue copier :- has only operation of copy

2. Digital Copier :- has operation of copy, print, scan, fax, flash scan and print......

:- has three main parts

A. Scanner
B. Printer
C. Electrical

4.1 Digital copier main parts

1.Scanner part:- is used to convert a hard document to soft signal on computer display.

CIS---→ADC---→Formatter
*CIS(Contact Image sensor) :-is used to expose the document to light and receive the reflected light and
convert it to pixel data

*ADC(Analogue to digital converter) :-is used to convert pixel data to binary data.
*Formatter board :-has memory and receive digital data from ADC and save it on buffer memory.

2 .Printer part:-Is used to print data from computer, Copy, or Receive data from other fax and which has
the following main laser jet printer parts:-
Laser writer

Toner cartirdage:-has two sections Drum unit and Developing unit

Fixing unit (Fuser unit) :-to fuse the toner with paper

Transfer charger:-to charge paper with positive 600volts

DC controlling board: is used to distribute voltages to engine parts and send feedback to formatter board

Low voltage power supply:-is used to deliver regulated dc voltages to dc controller and ac to fixing unit.

High voltage power supply:-is used to charge toner with negative 600volts, paper with positive 600volts,
and opc with negative 600volts.

3. Electrical part:- to control overall activities of the machine. Has low voltage, high voltage, Dc controller,
Formatter, ADC, CS, Control pannel, motors, Fan, Solinoid, Clutches, Sensors, Switches, and Counter.
4.2 How does a digital copier work?

Carlson in 1938 originally called the process electrophotography. Its based on two natural phenomena: that
materials of opposite electrical charges attract and that some materials become better conductors of electricity
when exposed to light. Carlson invented a six-step process to transfer an image from one surface to another
using these phenomena. First, a photoconductive surface is given a positive electrical charge. The
photoconductive surface is then exposed to the image of a document. Because the illuminated sections (the
non-image areas) become more conductive, the charge dissipates in the exposed areas. Negatively charged
powder spread over the surface adheres through electrostatic attraction to the positively charged image areas.
A piece of paper is placed over the powder image and then given a positive charge. The negatively charged
powder is attracted to the paper as it is separated from the photoconductor. Finally, heat fuses the powder
image to the paper, producing a copy of the original image.

Carlsons first image, produced on October 22, 1938, was created with negatively charged yellowish moss
spores (lycopodium) on a sulfur-coated zinc plate that had been positively charged by rubbing it with a
handkerchief. Todays copiers and printers have automated and refined all the steps, moving paper at speeds
of more than 250 feet a minute, digitally creating and exposing images, and producing images in a rainbow
of colors. ADVERTISEMEN

Heres how the process works today:

Charge. Inside every copier and laser printer is a light-sensitive surface called a photoreceptor. It consists of
a thin layer of photoconductive material that is applied to a flexible belt or drum. The photoreceptor is
insulating in the dark, but becomes conducting when it is exposed to light. It is charged in the dark by
applying a high DC voltage to adjacent wires, which produces an intense electric field near the wires that
causes the air molecules to ionize. Ions of the same polarity as the voltage on the wires deposit on the
photoreceptor's surface, creating an electric field across it.

Expose. In a digital copier or printer, the image is exposed on the photoreceptor with a scanning modulated
laser or a light-emitting-diode image bar. In older analog copiers, reflected light from an illuminated image
is projected onto the photoreceptor. In either case, the areas of the photoreceptor exposed to light are
selectively discharged, causing a reduction in the electric field. The darker areas retain their charge.
Develop. Pigmented powder used to develop the image is called toner. Toner particles made of colorant and plastic
resin have precisely controlled electrostatic properties and range from about five to 10 micrometers in diameter. They
are mixed with and charged by magnetized carrier beads that transport them to the development zone. The particles
are charged by the phenomenon of triboelectricity (often referred to as static electricity). The electric field associated
with the charge pattern of the image on the photoreceptor exerts an electrostatic force on the charged toner, which
adheres to the image. A color document is formed by a printer with four separate xerographic units that create and
develop separate cyan, magenta, yellow and black images. The superposition of these powder images produces full-
color documents

Transfer. The powder image is transferred from the photoreceptor onto paper by bringing the paper in contact with
the toner and then applying a charge with polarity opposite to that of the toner. The charge must be strong enough to
overcome the powders adhesion to the photoreceptor. A second precisely controlled charge releases the paper, now
containing the image, from the photoreceptor.

Fuse. In the fusing process, the toner comprising the image is melted and bonded to the paper. This is accomplished
by passing the paper through a pair of rollers. A heated roll melts the toner, which is fused to the paper with the aid of
pressure from the second roll.

Clean. Toner transfer from the photoreceptor to the paper is not 100 percent efficient, and residual toner must be
removed from the photoreceptor before the next print cycle. Most medium- and high-speed copiers and printers
accomplish this with a rotating brush cleaner.

4.3 Problems of digital copier

There are two types which are scanner part and printer part problems :-
1.Scanner part problems
*E-225/202 and Bold stripe Scan, copy, fax:-CIS problem (Replace)
*Scan but has no print, Half scanning, and E-prepare to scan:-ADC problem (Replace).
*E-197,E-196,E-354,E-355,E-731,E-730,E-719,E-602,E-750,E-754,E-755_(Restart, Dark display,
Light display, Ready to download, Update firmware, Download stand by, Bios mode, Canon.. , ----) :-
Formatter board problems(Repair or Replace).
2.Printer part problems
There are three types
➢ Error codes
➢ Print quality
➢ Paper jam
A. Error codes

E-808:-Thermister sensor problem(Reset→Replace→Reset)

E-240:-Dc controller problem(Reset→Replace)
E-019:-Full of wasted toner(Remove)
E-261:-Low voltage secondary components problem(Repair)
:-DC controller stacking problem(Reset or replace)
E-010:-main motor problem (Replace)
E-100/110:-laser writter or beamer problem(Replace)
E-007/014:- Brocken fuser film(Replace)
:- Worn of fuser grease (lubricate)
:- Worn out of pressure roller(Replace)
:- Displacement of fuser rotator(Adjust)
:- Worn out of bushing (Replace)
:- Rotation sensor board problem(Adjust or Replace)
:- Fixing driving motor problem(Replace)
:- Pressure roller driving gear brocken (Replace)
E-030/246/350:-Counter problem (Replace)
E-003/002/000/004:-Insufficient heat on fixing: -
:-decreasing of input voltage less than 180 volts.
:-thermal switch problem (Replace)

:-Heat element problem (Replace)

 E-001:-over heat on fixing due to lv board triac problem, opto coupler or fixing fuse problem(Repair
or Replace)
Load paper:-Dirt on Takt switch (Clean)
:-Takt switch problem (Replace)
Please wait, out of toner, prepare toner, or Mixing toner
:-Toner not properly inserted (adjust)
:-toner low (Refill or Replace then Reset)
E-805:-fan problem(Replace)
Change paper size or load correct paper size :- pick up roller (Clean or Replace)

:-paper path sensor shaft timing problem (Adjust)

:-Casset paper size adjustment problem (Adjust)

Set drum :-Drum unit loos connection (adjust)

:-Developing unit loos connection (adjust
:-HV board problem(Replace)
▪ E-0200000:-The path between the sub hopper and the developing
assembly is clogged with toner.
:-Check the rotation of hopper motor gear. (If rotating, false
detection by the sensor is doubted. Feed the toner to the
developing unit in service mode: CLEAR>ENGIN>TNRINST.)
:-Developing Assembly Toner Sensor (TS1).
:-Sub Hopper Toner Sensor (TS2).
:-DC Controller PCB (PCB) 4).(Replace)

B. Print quality problems

 White:-Dirt on mirrors and lens on beamer(Clean)
:-HV problem (Replace)
White stripe:- Dirt on transfer charger partially(clean)
:- Dirt on mirrors and lens partially of beamer(clean)
:- Scratch on fuser film with circle(Replace)
:- Scratch on pressure roller with circle(Replace)
:-Worn out of OPC (Replace)
Black :- Full of wasted toner(Remove)
:-Sleeve problem (Clean or Replace)
Black stripe :- Scratch on opc with circle(Replace)
:- Cleaning blade problem(Replace)
One black line:-Lower whipper
deformation problem(Replace drum unit)
:- PCR problem (Replace)
Spoting -even:-Scratch of opc once(Replace)
-uneven:-Toner quality problem (Remove→Replace)
-Once:-Dirt on copy glass (Clean)
Ghosting:- Expired on primary charger(Replace)
:- Expired on fuser film (Replace)
:- Pressure roller problem (Replace)

Raster :- Expired of toner (Replace)

:- Opc is not discharged connection problem(Adjust)

. :- Sleeve bearing problem(Replace)

Bold stripe:- worn out of sleeve(Replace)

:- worn out of doctor blade(Replace)
Page margins shift :- Formatter board problem(Replace)
 Invert bagroud, white→light→Normal, Dark :-Hv board problem(Repair or Replace)

C. Paper jam problem

Feeding jam:- Dirt on pick up rollers(clean)
:- Pick up problem(Replace)
clutch problem(Replace)
Registration jam:-Registration clutch problem(Clean or Replace)
Start jam (no James paper) :-paper path sensor problem or loos connection(Replace or adjust)
:- Dc controller problem (Replace)
Print one page →load correct paper or jam:-timing problem on paper feeder like dirt on pick up rollers
and sensor spring loss connection (clean or adjust)

4.4 Service modes for different canon ir copiers

Canon ir 2318/2420
1.Additional function
2.#(Hash)
3. Clear data (ok)
4.All clear or PWD(ok)

Canon ir 1600... 16xx, 2016... 20xx, 2520... 25xx, 3000... 90xx

1.Additional function
2.2
3.8
4. Additional function again
5.Clear(ok)
6.Err or PWD(ok)
Canon ir 2202/2204/2206...22xx
1.Additional function or Home
2.//(Refresh)
3.Andu or Back
4.Additional function or Home
5.Copier(ok)
6.Function(ok)
7.Clear (ok)
8.Err or All clear(ok)

PART THREE : FAX MACHINE AND PROJECTOR

Lesson 5: Fax Machine

5. Fax Machine
A machine used to send or Recieve documents using telephone line
Has three main parts:-
Scanner
Printer
Modum
1.Scanner part:- is used to convert a hard document to soft signal, mainly use ISU (image sensor unit) which
has include LED, PD, CCD and Scanner motor.
2.Printer part :-is used to print data from computer, copying, received and reports. There are two types laser
type and Desk type. Has the same parts and problems what we have discused.
3.Modum parts:- is used to send or receive data using telephone number, there are two cliants Transmitter
Tx and Receiver Rx in bln them they need PSTN(public switch telephone network).

5.1 Fax Machine Problems

There are three types:-

1. Scanner parts problems

*E-225 or 202 (canon), E-13, 22 or 202(HP), bold stripe for copy, scan and send:-image sensor unit
problems(Replace)
*Check document :-jam of original document due to dirt on upper pick up roller(clean) or obstacle on pick
up (Remove)

2. Printer part problems

Has the same problems what we have discussed on laser jet and desk jet problems
Common problems
-Memory full 100% Or Dark display :- Formatted board problem (Replace)

3. Modum part problems

*Tx but not Rx, Rx but not Tx, or neither Tx nor Rx:-line loos connection(adjust)
:-setup problem time, date and line number
:-Modum board problem (Replace)
*Memory full 100% :-Modum board stacking problem (Remove CMOS and return).
*System pause :- modum board problem (Replace).
*Send... Pause... Send:-modum board problem (Replace).

Lesson 6 : Projector

There are two types of projector, which are:-

- Analog:- project plane type hard document for example Transparent paper, one example is overhead
projector

-Digital:-project soft document electronic data from computer. There are different types of projector
LCD,DLP, Laser DLP, and LED DLP.

6.1 LCD Projector

6.1.1 LCD projector working principle

A machine used to project data using projection of light and which has the following main parts and processes

Hg lamp:-is used to project data using of light projection

Main board:-is used to control overall activities of the machine, to distribute voltages, to arrange data(RGB)
in the form of voltage(from 1.5-3.3volts).

Fun:-is used to cool the machine parts like Inverter board, Mercury lamp, Main board, power supply and
projection part.

Dichroyic mirrors :-are used to separate the filtered light into three colors RGB

Vertical polarizer mirror:-is used to pass only vertical light and by blocking horizontal light.

Horizontal polarizer mirrors:-are used to pass only horizontal light and by blocking vertical light to make
matrix form.

Inverter board:-is used to invert DC volt to AC volt and make it step up from(650-1250)V Ac to deliver to
Hg lamp.

Mirrors:-are used used to reflect the light from straight light to 90 degrees.

Lenses :-are used to focus the reflected lights.

Prisom:-is used to combine the three projected RGB data with light to deliver to end lens.

LCD projector Problems

Light image, Dark, Black stripe or spiting:-Dirt on mirrors and lenses(Clean with lint free clothes)

Restart, Standby, No data display only light display, Color missed up:-Main board problems (Replace
with other board).

Blink image :-inverter board problem (Repair or Replace)

Power dead, On imidiatly of.... :-power supply problem (Repair or Replace)

Bold stripe, Invert image:-Prisom problems (Replace).

6.1.2 What is a LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)?

A liquid crystal display or LCD draws its definition from its name itself. It is combination of two states of
matter, the solid and the liquid. LCD uses a liquid crystal to produce a visible image. Liquid crystal displays
are super-thin technology display screen that are generally used in laptop computer screen, TVs, cell phones
and portable video games. LCD’s technologies allow displays to be much thinner when compared to cathode
ray tube (CRT) technology.
Liquid crystal display is composed of several layers which include two polarized panel filters and electrodes.
LCD technology is used for displaying the image in notebook or some other electronic devices like mini
computers. Light is projected from a lens on a layer of liquid crystal. This combination of colored light with
the grayscale image of the crystal (formed as electric current flows through the crystal) forms the colored
image. This image is then displayed on the screen.

An LCD

An LCD is either made up of an active matrix display grid or a passive display grid. Most of the Smartphone’s
with LCD display technology uses active matrix display, but some of the older displays still make use of the
passive display grid designs. Most of the electronic devices mainly depend on liquid crystal display
technology for their display. The liquid has a unique advantage of having low power consumption than the
LED or cathode ray tube.

LCD screen works on the principle of blocking light rather than emitting light. LCD’s requires backlight as
they do not emits light by them. We always use devices which are made up of LCD’s displays which are
replacing the use of cathode ray tube. Cathode ray tube draws more power compared to LCD’s and are also
heavier and bigger.

How LCDs are Constructed?

LCD Layered Diagram

6.1.3 Simple facts that should be considered while making an LCD:

1.The basic structure of LCD should be controlled by changing the applied current.
We must use a polarized light.
2.Liquid crystal should able be to control both of the operation to transmit or can also able to change the
polarized light.
As mentioned above that we need to take two polarized glass pieces filter in the making of the liquid crystal.
The glass which does not have a polarized film on the surface of it must be rubbed with a special polymer
which will create microscopic grooves on the surface of the polarized glass filter. The grooves must be in the
same direction of the polarized film. Now we have to add a coating of pneumatic liquid phase crystal on one
of the polarized filter of the polarized glass. The microscopic channel cause the first layer molecule to align
with filter orientation. When the right angle appears at the first layer piece, we should add a second piece of
glass with the polarized film. The first filter will be naturally polarized as the light strikes it at the starting
stage.

Thus the light travels through each layer and guided on the next with the help of molecule. The molecule
tends to change its plane of vibration of the light in order to match their angle. When the light reaches to the
far end of the liquid crystal substance, it vibrates at the same angle as that of the final layer of the molecule
vibrates. The light is allowed to enter into the device only if the second layer of the polarized glass matches
with the final layer of the molecule.

6.1.4 How LCDs Work?

The principle behind the LCD’s is that when an electrical current is applied to the liquid crystal molecule,
the molecule tends to untwist. This causes the angle of light which is passing through the molecule of the
polarized glass and also cause a change in the angle of the top polarizing filter. As a result a little light is
allowed to pass the polarized glass through a particular area of the LCD. Thus that particular area will become
dark compared to other. The LCD works on the principle of blocking light. While constructing the LCD’s, a
reflected mirror is arranged at the back. An electrode plane is made of indium-tin oxide which is kept on top
and a polarized glass with a polarizing film is also added on the bottom of the device. The complete region
of the LCD has to be enclosed by a common electrode and above it should be the liquid crystal matter.

Next comes to the second piece of glass with an electrode in the form of the rectangle on the bottom and, on
top, another polarizing film. It must be considered that both the pieces are kept at right angles. When there
is no current, the light passes through the front of the LCD it will be reflected by the mirror and bounced
back. As the electrode is connected to a battery the current from it will cause the liquid crystals between
common-plane electrode and the electrode shaped like a rectangle to untwist. Thus the light is blocked from
passing through. That particular rectangular area appears blank.
Advantages of an LCD’s:
-LCD’s consumes less amount of power compared to CRT and LED
-LCD’s are consist of some microwatts for display in comparison to some mill watts for LED’s
-LCDs are of low cost
-Provides excellent contrast
-LCD’s are thinner and lighter when compared to cathode ray tube and LED
Disadvantages of an LCD’s:
-Require additional light sources
-Range of temperature is limited for operation
-Low reliability
-Speed is very low
-LCD’s need an AC drive
Applications of LCD

Liquid crystal technology has major applications in the field of science and engineering as well on electronic
devices.
-Liquid crystal thermometer
-Optical imaging
-The liquid crystal display technique is also applicable in visualization of the radio frequency waves in the
waveguide
-Used in the medical applications
-Few LCD Based Displays
6.2 DLP Projector

6.2.1 DLP projector working principle

Imagine projecting a huge image using millions of tiny, little mirrors. That’s exactly how DLP® projectors
work. The advantage of using so many mirrors is simple. More mirrors, More pixels. The more pixels, the
sharper the image.

By packing millions of mirrors into a tiny space, DLP projectors deliver stunning images. DLP technology is
widely used in education, business and home entertainment. It's even the number one technology in cinema –
used in 85% of all movie theaters.

6.2.2 What is a DLP projector?

DLP stands for “Digital Light Processing.” DLP projectors beam light through a color wheel, reflection mirrors,
then finally a lens. Developed by Texas Instruments®, the DLP chip, aka digital micro mirror device (DMD),
differentiates DLP from LCD projectors.
Each mirror on a DLP chip is about the size of) I a red blood cell. These mirrors (magnified above) manipulate
light to create an image. The mirrors must change position on a microscopic suspension hinge at incredible
speeds. Up to 16 million cycles per second.

Each mirror creates an image in response to video source data. In the “On” position, the mirror reflects light
toward the screen, creating a visible pixel. In the “Off” position, mirrors reflect light away from the projection
lens. This prevents light from traveling onto the screen.

Most DLP projectors use a color wheel. The color wheel spins RGB patterns in front of the light source at high
speeds. DLP projectors use this color technology to deliver cinema-like quality. The beauty of DLP technology
is based on a deep understanding of the human eye.

Every 1/50th of a second, the retina combines the amount of red, blue and green light it sees to produce an image.
A DLP projector very quickly shines red light, then blue light, then green light. It happens so fast, the human eye
thinks it's seeing a distinct image.
What's really happening is that you're seeing pulsating shades of RGB light. The alternating pattern happens so
quickly, your brain puts together a complete image. If time was slowed, you would not see the full image. Instead,
there would just be sequential images of red, green, then blue light!

6.2.3 DLP technology features

DLP technology has been around for over 30 years. In many iterations. Its features include:

-More pixels for sharper images

-Filter-free design for virtually no maintenance

-Maintenance-free design

-saves time and reduces cost

-Smooth, clear, jitter-free images

-Environmentally friendly Laser/LED technology

-Sealed chipset prevents dust spots

-Typically small, lightweight profile

6.2.4 What to Look for in a DLP Projector: Standard Specs

DLP projectors come in a dizzying array of features and price points. Different combinations suit different
applications. Uses range from home entertainment to houses of worship. Portable presentations to lecture halls.
Conference rooms to collaborative classrooms. By knowing how you’re going to use a projector, you’ll be able
to find the projector that’s right for you.
Resolution

Think back to the amazing mirror-laden DLP chip. Each mirror creates one pixel. The total number of mirrors
corresponds to the screen resolution. For example, a 2K DLP projector has about 2.2 million mirrors. A 4K device
about 8.8 million. The greater the resolution, the better the image quality.

*The image contained herein is simulated to reflect an image under different resolution (or scheme) for
demonstration purposes only, and may not be the actual image displayed from the product.

4K DLP projection is set to explode. Ideal for home theater, 4K projectors are engineered with advanced
DLP® 4K Ultra HD chip and XPR technology. In turn, they deliver 8.3 million distinct pixels in 4K UHD (3840
x 2160) resolution.

When comparing 4K projectors some may say they “support” 4K. This is not the same as the ability to reproduce
actual 4K images. DLP projectors must produce the minimum 8 million active pixels required by the Consumer
Technology Association (CTA) to qualify as true UHD projection.

Contrast ratio

Contrast ratio compares the darkest and lightest values a projector can produce. The higher the contrast ratio, the
better the picture quality. DLP projector contrast ratios range from 500:1 to 100,000:1.
Contrast ratio is an important spec for home theater projectors and high-end use. For home theater applications,
look for a contrast ratio in the range of 10,000:1 to 100,000:1. Bigger is better. For large venues, like auditoriums,
go for the best: 100,000:1.

A high contrast ratio is less critical in classrooms and conference rooms, as the benefits are most noticeable in
highly light-controlled, pitch-black rooms. For business and classrooms, look for contrast ratios in the range of
4,000:1 – 30,000:1.

Brightness

Projector brightness is measured by how much light the projector can output, called lumens.The more lumens,
the brighter the projector. Importantly, brighter isn’t always better. Environments don’t always need the brightest
projector to achieve satisfying results. Higher brightness also means higher cost.

6.2.5 Factors that influence brightness needs include:

-Ambient Lighting. Viewing spaces with lots of lighting require higher brightness to deliver a sharp, clear image.
In darkened rooms, like a home theater, lower brightness (but higher contrast ratios) deliver great results. Multi-
purpose spaces do well with mid-range brightness, from 2,000 - 4,000 lumens.
-Room/Screen Size. Larger rooms and screen sizes require brighter images. The higher distribution of light over
an area, the brighter you’ll need a projector to be. The number of people in a room is a helpful guideline for
determining comfortable viewing. Generally, the more people in the room, the larger the ideal screen size.

Projectors can be grouped by ‘ANSI lumen’ output as follows:

• Under 3,000 lumens – Used in low-lighting environments, these projectors require tightly controlled lighting
to eliminate ambient light. Ideal use: home theater.

• 3,000 – 4,000 lumens – This covers the sweet spot of DLP projectors, in terms of value and features. These are
the typical brightness levels used in classrooms, conference rooms and home entertainment rooms where you’re
unable to block out ambient light.

• 4,000+ lumens – Projectors with this level of brightness are appropriate for the largest meeting rooms,
classrooms or multipurpose rooms. DLP projectors in this range produce a crisp, clear image, even on larger
screens. This enables ease of viewing with larger audience sizes. Ratings higher than 4,000+lumens are
considered high brightness projectors and are used in high-end commercial installations.

DLP Projector: Added Features

Select DLP projectors have added features. These enhancing characteristics build upon key specs noted above.
Knowing about these features will determine the DLP projector that’s best for you.
Home Theater Features

Home theater enthusiasts are among those who seek the ultimate in color performance. Cinematic color projector
soffer outstanding home theater experiences by combining the following features to deliver a stunning, cinematic
experience.

Rec. 709 Color Accuracy

Rec. 709 is a stringent international high definition standard for the reproduction of color. Certification with Rec.
709 ensures accurate reproduction of the precise colors of the original content. Rec. 709 projectors deliver movie-
theater-quality color accuracy.

RGBRGB Color Wheel

Standard DLP projectors use 3-segment color wheels. 4-part color wheels add a white segment (to increase
brightness). 6-segment color wheels deliver a wider color range. 6x Speed RGBRGB Color Wheel
projectors boost red, blue, and green hue and saturation. The result: vivid images with smoother color gradients.
ISF Certified Color

The Imaging Science Foundation (ISF) certifies projectors for color reproduction and fidelity. ISF-certified
projectors have day and night modes that deliver optimized color in both bright and dark environments. If needed,
ISF-certified technicians can provide on-site tuning for customized image calibration.

Quality of Life Features

The main benefit of choosing a projector over a TV comes from the ability to create a much larger screen image.
Look for quality of life features that help you adjust that image to perfection.

Lens shift

Lens shift enables DLP projectors to adjust projected images without having to physically move the projector.
Images can be shifted for horizontal and/or vertical adjustment. Projectors with vertical lens shift deliver added
flexibility for challenging professional installations. For home users, lens shift enables easier optimization of
image placement.

Keystone Correction

Keystone correction, or “keystoning,” is a handy way to adjust projected images. It’s a great tool for on-the-go
presenters and portable entertainment projection. Look for horizontal and vertical (HV) keystoning and 4-corner
adjustment features to eliminate crooked and distorted images. Doing so creates perfectly proportioned pictures.
Optical Zoom

Optical zoom enlarges projected images by extending the DLP projector’s lens. This lets users magnify images
without moving the projector. It allows for placement further from the screen without reducing image quality.
The wider the optical zoom, the greater the degree of mounting flexibility. The optical zoom offered on
a professional laser projector delivers outstanding ease of installation.

360-degree Orientation & Portrait Projection

When exhibit designers can install DLP projectors in virtually any position, creativity expands
exponentially. Laser projectors for large venues are an ideal example. Mount it pointing straight down at the floor.
At any angle from floor to ceiling. It can even be mounted upside-down at a 45-degree angle. Need portrait
positioning? No problem.

Special Features

Designed for specific needs, special features will help you make the most of your projector.

Wireless Streaming

Wireless solutions add flexibility, mobility and ease. Hidden compartments house secure HDMI ports to enable
multimedia content streaming. A wireless gateway lets users present directly from their USB drive, or stream
directly from their phone or tablet.
Reduced Input Latency

Measured in milliseconds, DLP projector input latency is the time between video signal arrival at a projector and
display on the screen. It’s also called lag. Lag is inevitable with any digital video processing. Gameplay can be
significantly disrupted. Fortunately, it can be minimized. Gaming projectors feature reduced input latency.

Ambient Light Screen

Laser projectors look best when paired with an ambient light screen. This is done to reduce any effects of ambient
light, and to take full advantage of the incredible images projected by DLP laser technology. Pairing laser
projectors with diffuser screens enhance contrast and eliminate washed out images in ambient light.
6.2.6 DLP Projector Types:
Light Source

DLP projectors are classified by light source and imaging technology. The most expensive use 3-chip processors.
One chip for each primary color: red, green and blue. The newest single-chip DLP projectors offer high-end DLP
projection with a less costly price tag. DLP projectors now use lasers or LEDs to be more efficient,
environmentally friendly and longer lasting. These newer technologies eliminate the need for a spinning color
wheel.

6.2.7 Traditional Lamp-based DLP projectors

Most DLP projectors use traditional lamps. The biggest advantage of lamps is cost, which is lower than any other
option. Lamps typically last 3,000-4,000 hours with standard use, then need to be replaced. Some manufacturers
offer special features to make lamps last longer.

Lamp-based DLP projectors deliver outstanding value while creating big, bold images. They’re popular for home
theater and gaming. The brightness of DLP projectors typically range from 2,000 to 5,000 lumens, creating a
cinema-like experience in darkened rooms.

Lamp-based projectors provide supersized movies and games, for an immersive, theater-like experience. For
gaming, look for DLP projectors with low input latency. Gaming projectors specialize in reduced input latency,
delivering gaming intensity with smooth, delay-free images.
6.2.8 Laser DLP projectors

At the higher end of the cost continuum, laser-based DLP projectors offer many advantages. Laser light
encapsulates the need to be both very bright and consistently bright. At all times.(Projection lamps slowly dim
across their lifespan).

Brighter than other options, laser projectors can be counted on to deliver vibrant and visible images. Even in well-
lit spaces. This makes them wildly popular in conference rooms, classrooms, auditoriums and houses of worship.

Because of their lengthy lifespan, between 20,000-30,000 hours, they’re a great choice for high-end ceiling-mount
applications. Laser DLP projectors deliver instant on/off capability and minimal maintenance. They’re even
energy efficient and mercury-free for eco-friendly disposal.
6.2.9 Laser projectors

:-are packed with features for big screen, big venue applications. 5,000 lumens blaze brightly through ambient
light in large boardrooms, conference halls, and auditoriums. Numerous high-end features ease install and
management.

For education environments, short-throw laser projectors feature long life, low maintenance and great TCO. Like
a sealed optical engine and waveform air filter. Horizontal/vertical keystoning. Network management capabilities.
Laser DLP projectors should deliver 20,000 to 30,000 hours of maintenance-free use for a low total cost of
ownership (TCO).

Presentation projectors are ideal for business environments. Look for a higher lumens count if you’re going to be
using a projector in well-lit areas. Also look for ultra-short throw ratios, HV keystoning and 4-corner adjustment
features. If you’ve gone wireless, examine features that facilitate wireless streaming.
6.2.10 LED DLP projectors

These DLP projectors use LEDs (light-emitting diodes) to produce light. LEDs are like tiny light bulbs. But
they’re powered by an electrical circuit and illuminated by a flow of electrons. Because there’s no filament, LEDs
last much longer than traditional projector lamps. They stay cooler, don’t need a fan and use much less
electricity. LED projectors start up in an instant, for wait-free viewing. LED technology is also mercury-free.

LEDs can be designed into much smaller projectors. This makes them great as portable projectors. Ultra-portable
projectors are great examples of what LEDs can do. The advanced, solid-state LED light source can last for over
30,000 hours of eco-friendly, mercury-free use. It consumes less than half the power of a typical LCD TV. Modern
designs make it easy to relocate them to any venue.
DLP Projector Specialty Categories

Due to enhanced design quality, DLP projectors encompass more value than ever before. Specialty projectors fit
a wide range of use cases to fit your needs.

Networkable

Many DLP projector applications benefit from features that offer easier management and
maintenance. Networkable projector solutions reduce the time and cost burden of managing multiple projectors
across multiple locations. Connected to a wireless or wired local area network, these DLP projectors can be used
across any sized installation. Then remotely operated and monitored. This centralized control adds efficiency,
reduces costs and lowers overall TCO.

Short Throw

With all projectors, images get bigger the further they are from the screen. The space needed between projector
and screen to create the same size image, however, is variable. This distance, called “throw ratio,” depends on the
projector’s lens.
Imagine an 80” projection screen. Most projectors will need to be at least 7-8 feet from the screen. Short throw
projectors only need 3-3.5 feet. Ultra-short throw projectors can be placed even closer, 2-2.5 feet from the screen.
If you’re short on space, short throw is the way to go.

Short throw and ultra-short throw DLP projectors make it easy to create big, stunning images in small spaces.
They eliminate the long streams of light and shadow created by projectors placed further away from the screen.
Short-throw projectors have ratios between 0.6-0.8. Ultra-short throw ratios are anything <0.5.

Interactive

Like the PS750HDare one of the fastest growing display categories.

Interactive technology improves collaboration in both classroom and business meetings .The interactive
whiteboard module transforms short-throw projectors into interactive projection solutions. Advanced laser curtain
technology provides intuitive multi-touch capability for up to 10 users. Annotation software enables users to
simultaneously write and draw on projected images, including documents and web pages.
Materials used for maintaining office machines

1.Screw driver (Philips and flat) -chrom vandium, Total, Inc-co, Finder….

2.Set screw driver (36 sets) -Baku, Total…

3.Blower(hand fan)(600w+, 16000rpm, 16A, 240v~ or 250v~, 6 speeds, 3m+) -Total, In-co, Makita, Bosch,
Black &Decker….

4.Sodering iron(60w+) -Total, JYD…..

5.Sucker(Small)

6.Lead(100g+, 08-1.5 mm²) -Baku, JYD

7.Long noth-Finder, Total, Luxtop

8.Alchol

9.Lint free cloth

10.Digital multimeter(Auto range ) -Mastech, Total, Fluck…

11.Cutter(6 blades) – Total, Finder…

12.Pinssa (with cutter) -Total, Finder…

13.Grease, Motor oil…

14.Picker

15.Brush