Section 2

Sampling and Testing

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
2 Sampling and Testing.............................................................................................................................. 2-1
2.1 Process Control and Routine Testing .............................................................................................. 2-1
2.1.2 Routine Tests and Inspection by the Engineer......................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Test Methods ................................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.3 Laboratory Equipment...................................................................................................................... 2-5
2.3.1 Preamble................................................................................................................................... 2-5
2.4 Sampling and Testing Frequency .................................................................................................. 2-11

TABLES
Table 2-1: General Testing Equipment........................................................................................................... 2-6
TABLE 2-2: SOIL TESTING EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................... 2-8
Table 2-3: Aggregate Testing Equipment....................................................................................................... 2-9
Table 2-4: Bituminous Test Equipment .......................................................................................................... 2-9
Table 2-5: Portland Cement Concrete Test Equipment ............................................................................... 2-11
Table 2-6: Minimum Sampling and Test schedule ....................................................................................... 2-12
Table 2-7: Minimum Sampling and Test schedule ....................................................................................... 2-13
Table 2-8: Minimum Sampling and Test schedule ....................................................................................... 2-14
Table 2-9: Minimum Sampling and Test schedule ....................................................................................... 2-15
Table 2-10: Minimum Sampling and Test schedule ..................................................................................... 2-17
Table 2-11: Minimum Sampling and Test schedule ..................................................................................... 2-19
Table 2-12: Minimum Sampling and Test schedule ..................................................................................... 2-22

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2 SAMPLING AND TESTING

2.1 Process Control and Routine Testing
For the purposes of this Manual tests are defined as follows:
(a) Ordinary tests are tests which are constantly conducted by the Contractor on a regular
basis,
for which no specified pay items have been provided, and which include the following, inter alia:
(i) Tests for determining the properties of all natural materials such as, inter alia, sand, stone, water,
soil and gravel, inter alia, provided by the contractor for use in the works.
(ii) Tests on processed natural materials such as aggregate for concrete, asphalt and seals,
purchased or produced on the site by the, Contractor.
(iii) Tests for determining the properties of products such as concrete and asphalt, etc, produced
specially for use on the works by the Contractor, or purchased from commercial producers or
sub-contractors.
(iv) Tests on completed elements of construction such as fills, pavement layers, concrete structures,
etc, for establishing compliance with the specified properties.
(b) Special tests are tests which have to be conducted by the Contractor only at the specific
request of the Engineer, and include the following:
(i) Tests on commercial products such as cement, lime, paint, bituminous products, pipes, valves,
cranes and bridge bearings etc.
(ii) The requirements are specified as a whole or in part by reference being made to the
specifications of a standards organisation such as those given under Clause 2.3.
(iii) Special tests on structures or elements of structures to determine their efficacy, for the payment
of which clear provision has been made in the specifications and the schedule of quantities.
(iv) Any test requested by the Engineer purely for purposes of acceptance control. Such tests,
however, will not be classified as a special test if the test is requested because the Contractor
has neglected to conduct sufficient or proper tests in terms of Division 800, Sub-Clause 801.06
and with a view to submitting the result to the Engineer for his approval of completed work or
materials.
Payment will be made under the pay items of 802.5 only in regard to special tests. Payment for
ordinary tests shall be included in the rates tendered by the Contractor for the items of work to
which the ordinary tests relate.

2.1.2 Routine Tests and Inspection by the Engineer

The Engineer will inspect and test materials and completed work at regular intervals for compliance
with the specified requirements and, where applicable, the various judgement plans specified will be
applied. The testing frequencies and sample and lot sizes for routine testing shall as given under
Sub-Clause 802.3.3-Minimum Sampling and Test Schedule.
Any further testing deemed necessary shall be entirely at the Engineer's discretion.
All sections of completed work shall be submitted to the Engineer for routine inspection and testing,
and the contractor shall not cover up or construct any work on top of sections of completed work
before being advised by the Engineer of the outcome of his testing and inspection.
The Contractor shall make arrangements for the submission of work for testing in a manner which
will afford the Engineer reasonable opportunity for inspecting and testing the work, but in any event
the Engineer will consider not less than twenty four hours to be reasonable.
For continuous concrete and asphalt-production processes, the Engineer may order the Contractor
to augment the control system by introducing a system of process control for monitoring the various
properties to be controlled. The specific system used shall be subject to the Engineer's approval, and
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the attention of the Contractor is drawn to Sub-Clause 102.5 The Contractor shall take immediate
steps to rectify any deviation from the specified requirements indicated by his process-control
system, and the Engineer shall have the right to inspect and be given all details of tests and testing
procedures in order to satisfy himself that the contractor is implementing an adequate process-
control system.

2.2 Test Methods

Where National or International Standards for materials or equipment are referred to in this specification, the
test methods referred to therein shall be used.

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AACRA
Test Test Numbers Description of the Tests
Number

Recommended Test Methods For Soils and Stabilisation

S-1 AASHTO T 87 Dry Preparation of Disturbed Soil and Soil-Aggregate Samples
S-2 AASHTO T 146 Wet preparation of Disturbed Soil Samples for Test
S-3 ASTM D 2216 Laboratory Determination of Moisture Content of Soils.
S-4 AASHTO T 27 Sieve Analysis of fine and Coarse Aggregates
S-5 AASHTO T 88 Particle Size Analysis of Soils
S-6 AASHTO T 11 Amount of Material Finer 75 µm Sieve in Aggregate
S-7 AASHTO T 100 Specific Gravity of Soils
S-8 AASHTO T 90 Determining The Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soil
S-9 AASHTO T 89 Determining the Liquid Limit of Soils
S-10 AASHTO M 145 The Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway
Construction Purposes
S-11 AASHTO T 180 Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54 kg Rammer and a
457 mm Drop
S-12 AASHTO T 193 The California Bearing Ratio
S-13 ASTM D 2049 Relative Density of cohesion-less soils
S-14 AASHTO T 191 Density of Soil In-place by the Sand Cone Method
S-15 AASHTO T 224 Correction for Coarse Particles in the Soil Compaction Test
S-16 AASHTO T 217 Determination of Moisture in Soils by means of a Calcium Carbide
Gas pressure Moisture Tester
S-17 AASHTO T 238 & T 239 Density and Moisture Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate In-Place by
Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)
S-18 AASHTO T 306 Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings.
S-19 AASHTO T 206 Penetration Test and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
S- 20 AASHTO T 207 Thin walled Tube Sampling of Soils
S-21 AASHTO T 225 Diamond Drilling for Site Investigation
S-22 AASHTO T 223 Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive Soil
S-23 AASHTO T 258 Determining Expansive Soils and Remedial Actions
S-24 AASHTO T 208 Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil
S-25 AASHTO T 216 One Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils
S-26 AASHTO T 226 Triaxial Compressive Strength of Undrained Rock Core Specimens
Without Pore Pressure Measurement
S-27 AASHTO T 234 Strength Parameters of Soils by Triaxial Compression
S-28 AASHTO 236 Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions
S-29 AASHTO T 235 Bearing Capacity of Soil for Static Load on Spread Footings
S-30 AASHTO T 252 Measurements of Pore Pressure in Soils
S-31 AASHTO T 254 Installing, Monitoring and Processing Data for the Travelling Type
Slope Inclinometer
S-32 AASHTO T 221 Repetitive Static Plate Load Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement
Components, for Use in Evaluation and Design of Highway Pavements.
S-33 AASHTO T 256 Pavement Deflection Measurements
S-34 AASHTO T 215 Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head)

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AACRA
Test Test Numbers Description of the Tests
Number

S-35 ASTM D 3441 Deep, Quasi-Static, Cone and Friction-Cone Penetration Test of Soils

Recommended Test Methods For Aggregates

1 AASHTO T 112 Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Natural Aggregates

2 AASHTO T 113 Lightweight Pieces in Aggregate Moisture Induced Damage
3 AASHTO T96 Resistance to Abrasion of Small Size Coarse Aggregate
4 AASHTO T 104 Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulphate or
Magnesium Sulphate.
5 AASHTO T 27 Sieve Analysis for Course and Fine Aggregates
6. AASHTO T 21 Organic Impurities in fine Aggregates for Concrete.
7. AASHTO T71 Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Strength of Mortar
Aggregates by Washing.
8 AASHTO T11 Material Finer Than 75µm(No.200) sieve in Mineral Aggregates by
washing
9 AASHTO T 19 Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate
10 AASHTO T 84 Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine
Aggregate
11 AASHTO Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse
T 85 Aggregates
12 AASHTO T 142 Surface Moisture in Fine Aggregates
13 AASHTO T 248 Reducing Field Samples of Aggregate to Testing
size
14 AASHTO T 255 Total Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying
15 AASHTO T2 Sampling Aggregates
16 AASHTO T 176 Plastic Fines in Graded Aggregates and Soils by
use of Sand Equivalent Test
17 AASHTO T 165 Effect of Water on Cohesion of Compacted
Bituminous Mixtures
18 AASHTO T 283 Resistance of Compacted Bituminous Mixture to
Moisture Induced Damage

Recommended Test Methods For Bituminous Materials

1 AASHTO T40 Sampling Of Bituminous Material

2 AASHTO T 44 Solubility Of Bituminous Materials
3 AASHTO T 47 Loss on Heating of Oil and Asphaltic compound
4 AASHTO T 48 Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Cup
5 AASHTO T 49 Penetration of Bituminous Materials
6 AASHTO T 50 Float Test for Bituminous Materials

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2.3 Laboratory Equipment

2.3.1 Preamble
The quality control of materials used in roadway construction projects requires the use of specialised test
equipment and laboratories, which shall be equipped with the necessary test equipment to control the
materials to be used on the project.
The following listing of both general and specific test equipment is given as a check list of required items and
is keyed to the type of construction control expected on a project similar to which would be undertaken by
the AACRA. The equipment listed and the number of individual item is considered a minimum requirement.
This list is organised to present firstly those items of general testing, which every laboratory would be
expected to have. They are items that are used in a number of different test areas. Following the list of
general testing equipment are lists of additional test equipment required in specific areas of control testing,
including the soils analysis of the Addis Ababa area. Compaction, aggregate quality, bituminous materials
and Portland cement concrete testing is also included.
In addition to the items listed it is expected that a project laboratory will also have available copies of the
latest AASHTO, ASTM and BS specifications and test procedures, with necessary papers and drawing
materials, as well as such rudimentary tools as hammers, saws, pliers, screwdrivers, gloves etc.

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Table 2-1: General Testing Equipment

Number
Description Remarks
Required
2 Set of standard ISO sieves, 203 mm diameter, to include the following
sieve sizes complete with pan and cover:
75 mm 12.5 mm 0.60 mm
63 mm 9.5 mm 0.425 mm
50 mm 4.75 mm 0.30 mm
37.5 mm 2.36 mm 0.18 mm
25.0 mm 2.00 mm 0.15 mm
19.0 mm 1.18 mm 75 µm
Set of standard ISO sieves, 305 mm diameter to include the following range.
1 75 mm 12.5 mm
63 mm 9.5 mm
50 mm 4.75 mm
37.5 mm Pan and cover
25 mm
19 mm
1 Motorized, Dynamic sieve shaker for 203 mm (8 in.) sieve
1 Timer for Motorized sieve shaker
1 Brass Wire Brush
1 Stiff Bristle Brush
2 Small Paint Brush
1 Sample Splitter, coarse
1 Quartering Canvas 2 m x 2 m (approximately)
2 Laboratory Oven, 500x500x500 mm minimum volume, 110 °C minimum.
2 Hot Plate, 150 mm square, 400 °C
1 Platform Scale, 115 kg capacity, sensitivity + 50 g
1 Balance, Class E,
2 Balance, Class D,
1 Balance, Class B,
1 Stop watch, 60 minutes, graduated in one fifth second increments
2 Calculator, scientific
4 Thermometer, general lab, 0-200°C, + 0.5°C
6 Pans, metal, 500x300x100 mm (approx.)
2 Drying Pans, 600x900x100 mm (approx.)
3(Ca) Beaker, glass, 250 ml, 50 ml, 1000 ml, capacity

24(Ca) Metal Tin with lids, 150 ml and 75 ml Capacity

1(Ca) Metal straight edge, 300 mm and 1 m with bevelled edge
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Number
Description Remarks
Required
1 Micrometer Callipers, 25 mm
2(Ca) Volumetric flask, 500 ml and 1000 ml
1 Desiccators, 200 mm (minimum) diameter
1 Aspirator
1 Testing Machine, 1375 kN, (140,211 kg.force) capacity
12 Metal Cans, 4 litre (approx.) with lids
48 Sample Sacks, Canvas, 50 kg. capacity
2 Wash bottle, 1000 ml complete
2 Graduated Cylinder, 100 ml capacity
2 Tamping Rod, 16 mm dia. x 610 mm
3 Thermometer, armoured, 250°C
20 Distilled Water, 1 litre bottle
10 Standard weights, 25.0 kg.
1 Callipers 40 mm opening
4 Mixing bowls, stainless steel, 1½ to 2½ litre
2(Ca) Tongs, Beakers and Crucibles
2 Scoop, grain
2 Shovel, square
2 Brush bench
2 Bucket, 12 litre (approximately)
2(Ca) Trowel, large and small
3 Spoons, heavy mixing
2 Ruler, folding or retractable, 1 m.
1 Rubber Mallet, Approximately 1 kg.
1 Micro test Gauge (for galvanized coating)
1 Filler Gauge, 0.25 mm

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Table 2-2: Soil Testing Equipment

Number
Description Remark
required
1 Mortar, porcelain, 200 mm diameter, with rubber-cover pestle
1 Stirring apparatus
1 Hydrometer, 152 mm long
2 Graduated cylinder, 1000 ml
1 Water Bath, thermostatically controlled
1 Porcelain dish, 115 mm diameter (approximately) with handle
1 Liquid limit device complete
1 Spatula, 75 mm long x 20 mm wide (approximately) with handle
1 Vibrating table
1 Mould, metal cylindrical, 2,830 ml capacity ( mould to be accompanied by guide
sleeves, base plates, surcharge mass, dial indicators, calibration bar and pouring
device)
1 Mould, metal cylindrical, 14,160 ml capacity (mould to be accompanied by guide
sleeves, base plates, surcharge mass, dial indicators, calibration bar and pouring
device)
1 Hoist, 136 kg capacity (minimum)
2 Pycnometer jar with top, 500 ml capacity
2 Pycnometer jar with top, 100 ml capacity
4 Mould, Proctor
1 Hammer, Proctor, 4.54 kg. with 457 mm drop
1 Sample Extruder
3 Mould, CBR, with plate, collar, penetration piston and expansion measuring device
1 Water Tank, 1 x 2 x 1 m (approx.)
4 Sand Cone Density Apparatus
1 Speedy Moisture Tester, Complete (Optional)
1 Nuclear Moisture Density Gauge (Optional)

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Table 2-3: Aggregate Testing Equipment

Number Description Remark

required
1 Sand Equivalent Test Set, complete
4 Graduated Sand Equivalent , plastic cylinders
1 Sand Equivalent Shaker, manual or mechanical
12 Stock Solution, Sand Equivalent Shaker
1 Unit Mass Measure, 30 litre capacity, with glass cover plate
1 Set, Organic Impurities Test
1 Sank Moisture Test Mould and Tamper
1 Wire Mesh Basket, 3.5 litre volume (approximately)
1 Los Angeles Abrasion Machine
1 Sieve, 203 mm diameter 4.75 mm mesh
1 Glazed porcelain cork, 20 litre (approximately)
1 Pycnometer, glass
1 Aggregate Accelerated Polishing Machine (when Specified)
1 British Portable Pendulum Tester (when specified)

Table 2-4: Bituminous Test Equipment

Number Description Remarks

Required
48 Sample Can, 1 litre, with screw caps
6 Marshall Specimen Mould Assembly
1 Marshall Specimen Extractor
1 Marshall Compaction Hammer
1 Marshall Specimen Mould Holder
1 Marshall Breaking Head
1 Marshall Ring Dynamometer Assembly
1 Marshall Flow meter
1 Mechanical Mixing Apparatus
1 Water Bath, thermostatically controlled to 60° + 1° C
6 Glass Plates, 150 x 150 x 0.5 mm
1 Bituminous Extraction Apparatus, complete
1 Specific Gravity Apparatus for compacted bituminous mixtures.
1 Laboratory Oven, 500 x 500 x 500 mm (approximately), to 200° C
48 Sample Box, 300 x 300 x 100 mm, card board
3 Mixing pan, rounded corners, 500 ml capacity
3 Glass Pycnometer with top, 1000 ml capacity
2 Specific gravity bottle, 24 to 30 ml capacity

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Number Description Remarks

Required
2 Thermometer, -8 to 32°C, ASTM E1 No. 63C
1 Test Set for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
1 pH Meter
1 Core Drilling Apparatus with bits
6 101.6 mm Compression Moulds with top and bottom plungers

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Table 2-5: Portland Cement Concrete Test Equipment

Number
Description Remarks
Required
12 Cylinder Moulds, 150 x 300 mm reusable
2 Slump Cone, complete
1 Air Meter, complete
1 Cylinder Capping equipment
2 Concrete Capping Compound, 23 kg bag
1 Mixing Pan, heavy gauge metal, 100 litre (approximately)
1 Core Drilling Apparatus
2 Evaporating Dish, 200 ml capacity
1 pH Meter
1 Conductivity Meter
1 Unit Mass Measure, 0.014 m3 with cover plate
1 Tube Sampler
1 Melting Pot for cylinder capping compound
2 Cube Moulds, Set of Three, 50 x 50x 50 mm
1 Tamper, 13 x 25 x 150 mm
1 Chace Air Indicator
1 Quality of Water Test Set
1 Schmidt Concrete test hammer
1 Vicat Apparatus
1 Steel Straightedge, 460 m,m
1 Curing Tank, with temperature control
1 Gilmore Apparatus
1 No. 325 Sieve
1 Mechanical Mixer for PCC pestles and mortars

2.4 Sampling and Testing Frequency

The following Table 2.7 contains the recommended sampling and testing frequencies for different materials
and works.

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Table 2-6: Minimum Sampling and Test schedule

Test Frequencies Sample Size and Location
General Project
Test Quality/Source Project Control Check Quality/Source
Specification Control/Check
50 kg. sample from
Roadway and
One per source or borrow pit or road way
Borrow Classification - - -
Material type excavation for source
Excavation
approval
California Bearing
“ - - -
Ratio (CBR)
Moisture Density
“ - - Use same sample -
or Relative
“ - - “ -
Density
In place,
Moisture Density
See Road way and One per layer per immediately prior to
Embankment or Relative
Borrow Excavation - - 50,000 m2 placement of next
Density
layer
One per layer per “
Field Density “
50,000 m2 “
One per
One per 50,000
5,000 m2 of 50 kg. sample from
Sub-grade Classification “ m2 of completed -
completed sub- roadway
sub-grade
grade
One per 5,000
California Bearing
“ - m2of completed - Use same sample
Ratio (CBR)
sub-grade
Moisture Density See Road way and One per layer per
- - “
Borrow Excavation 20,000 m2
In place,
One per layer immediately prior to
Field Density “ “ -
per 2,000 m2 the placement of
another layer.
One per source or Certificates of
Lime treated
Source Approval combination of guarantee for - - -
sub-grade
sources lime
Moisture Density “ - - - Same as sub grade.
One per layer One per layer per In place after final
Field Density - -
per 2,000 m2 20,000 m2 compacting
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Table 2-7: Minimum Sampling and Test schedule

Test Frequencies Sample Size and Location
General Project
Test Quality/Source Project Control Check Quality/Source
Specification Control/Check
See roadway
One per layer per
Back fill for Classification and borrow
5,000 m2 - - -
Structures excavation

Moisture Density “ - - - -
In place
One per layer per One per layer immediately prior
Field Density - -
2,000 m2- per 20,000 m2 to placement of
next layer
Untreated Granular One per source One per Seventy five (75) kg. Thirty five (35) kg
Sieve Analysis One per 1,000 m3
Sub-base and Base 10,000m3 sample from pit or from central mix
courses crusher plant.
Use same sample
Plasticity Index “ “ “ Use same sample
“
Loss by Abrasion “ - “ “
“
Moisture Density “ - “ “
California Bearing
“ - “ “ “
Ratio (CBR)
In place
One per layer
One per layer per immediately prior
Field Density - per 20,000 m2 -
2000 m2 to placement of
next layer
One per completed
Thickness “ - - In place
2,000 m2
One per Use same sample
Fractured Faces One per sources - Use same sample
10,000m3
Thin and Elongated
“ “ - “ “
pieces
Soundness - - “ “ “

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Table 2-8: Minimum Sampling and Test schedule

Test Frequencies Sample Size and Location
General Project
Test Quality/Source Project Control Check Quality/Source
Specification Control/Check
One per 1,000 Seventy five kg. Thirty five (35) kg.
Aggregate for One per source
m3 One per 10,000 m3 sample from pit or sample from central
cement treated Sieve Analysis
crusher mix plant
Base Course
One per 5,000
Plasticity Index “ One per 10,000m3 Use same sample Use same sample
m3
Loss by Abrasion - “ “ “ “
Soluble Sulphates
“ - One per 50,000 m3 “ “
and Chlorides
Cement for Cement Five (5) kg. of Five (5) kg. of
Certificates of One per 50,000 m3
treated Base Quality “ sample from several sample from several
Guarantee of base course
Courses bags or silo bags or silo
Water for Cement
One litre sample One litre sample
Treated Base Quality “ - “
from source from source
Courses
Aggregates for One per source or Use same sample
Mix Verification One per 5,000m3 Use same sample
cement treated combination of -
Base Courses sources
Moisture Density “ - “ “ “
One per layer
Field Density - - -
per 20,000 m2 “
One per layer
Thickness - - - In place
per 2,000 m2
Certificates of
Asphalt Cement Quality - - - -
Guarantee
One per plant per One litre sample
Penetration - “ -
production week from plant line
Liquid Asphalts Quality - “ _ _

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Table 2-9: Minimum Sampling and Test schedule

Test Frequencies Sample Size and Location
General Project
Test Quality/Source Project Control Check Quality/Source
Specification Control/Check
Aggregates for Sieve Analysis One per source One per production One per production Fifty (50) Twenty-five (25)
Bituminous Surface day week kilogram sample kilogram sample
Treatments and form crusher from stockpile
Seal Coats or pit

Flakiness Index “ - “ Use same Use same sample

sample
Loss by Abrasion “ - “ Fifty (50) Fifty (50) kilogram
kilogram sample from
sample from crusher
crusher or pit
or pit
Soundness “ - - Use same -
sample
Stripping “ - - “ -
Aggregates for Sieve Analysis One per source One per week during - Twenty-five (25) Twenty-five (25)
Sand Sub-base production and kilogram kilogram sample
Courses and Open stockpiling sample from stockpile
Graded Sub-base
Course (Stockpiled)
Liquid Limit (3) One per source One per week during One per week from Use same Use same sample
production and the cold feed during Sample
stockpiling mix production

Plasticity Index (3) “ “ “ “ “

Sand Equivalent “ “ “ “ “
(3)
Loss by Abrasion “ “ “ “ “
Stripping “ “ “ “ “

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Minimum Sampling and Test schedule

Test Frequencies Sample Size and Location
General Project
Test Quality/Source Project Control Check Quality/Source
Specification Control/Check
One set per
(cont.)
week from the
Aggregates for One set per plant per Ten (10) kilogram sample
Sieve Analysis cold feed
Bituminous Sand - production day - from each bin
during mix
Sub-base Courses
production
and Open Graded
Sub-base Course Marshall Mix Fifty (50)
(Hot Bins) Design One per source kilogram plus
- - -
Bituminous Sand ten (10) litres
Sub-base Courses asphalt cement
Marshall
One per plant per Ten(10) kilogram sample
Stability - - -
production day from plant
One per plant Fifteen (15) kilogram
One per source
Effect of Water - per production - sample from plant
week
Extracted One per 500 cubic One per 5,000 Ten (10) kilogram sample
Asphalt Content - metres (not less than one cubic metres - from roadway behind
per production day) paver
Gradation of
“ Use same sample
Extracted - “ -
Aggregate
one per 1000 cubic
Thickness Roadway
- metres (not less than one - -
per production day
One per 1000 cubic
Field Density metres (not less than one - - Use roadway sample
per production day

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Table 2-10: Minimum Sampling and Test schedule

Test Frequencies Sample Size and Location
General Project
Test Quality/Source Project Control Check Quality/Source
Specification Control/Check
Aggregates for Twenty-five (25)
One per week Twenty-five (25)
Bituminous Sieve Analysis One per source kilogram sample
- during production kilogram sample from
Base from pit or crusher
and stockpiling pit or crusher
Course
One per week
Fractured Faces One per source Use same sample Use same sample
(Stockpiled) - during production
and stockpiling
Sand Equivalent One per week One per week from
Use same sample Use same sample
(3) One per source during production the cold feed during
and stockpiling mix production
Plasticity Index (3) One per source “ “ “ “
Soundness - - “ “
“
One per week
Loss by Abrasion “ - during production “ “
and stockpiling
Thin and Elongated
“ - “ “ “
Pieces
Aggregates for Ten (10) kilogram
Stripping “ - - -
Bituminous sample from bins
Base Course Sieve Analysis One set per plan Ten (100 kilogram
- - -
(Hot Bins) per production day sample from each bin
One per 500 Five (5) kilogram
Sieve Analysis - - -
tonnes of filler sample
Five (50) kilogram
Marshall Mix
One per Source each size aggregate
Design - - -
and ten (100 litres
asphalt cement

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Minimum Sampling and Test schedule

Test Frequencies Sample Size and Location
General Project
Test Quality/Source Project Control Check Quality/Source
Specification Control/Check
(Cont.)
Fifteen (15) kilogram
Aggregates for One per plant per
Marshall Stability - - - sample from roadway
Bituminous Base production day
behind pavers
Course(Hot Bins)
One per 500 cubic
Gradation of metres (not less than One per 5,000
Use same sample
Extracted - one per production cubic metres -
Aggregate day)

One core per 1,000

Thickness Roadway
- square metres of - -
completed course
One core per 1,000
square metres of Use roadway sample
Field Density - - -
each layer

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SOIL AND MATERIAL MANUAL

Table 2-11: Minimum Sampling and Test schedule

Test Frequencies Sample Size and Location
General Project
Test Quality/Source Project Control Check Quality/Source
Specification Control/Check
Fifty (50) kilogram Twenty-five(25)
One per 1,000 cubic One per 10, 000
Coarse Aggregate Sieve Analysis One per source sample from kilogram sample
metres of concrete cubic metres of
for Concrete source from stockpile
concrete
Use same sample
Loss by Abrasion “ - “ Use same sample
“
Soundness “ - “ “
“
Friable Particles “ - “ “
Specific Gravity and
Absorption “ - “ “ “

Soft Fragments and

Shale “ - “ “ “

Thin and Elongated

“ - “ “ “
Pieces
Soluble Sulphates
and Chlorides “ - “ “ “

Moisture One per production

- “ “ “
day

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SOIL AND MATERIAL MANUAL

Minimum Sampling and Test schedule

Test Frequencies Sample Size and Location
General Project
Test Quality/Source Project Control Check Quality/Source
Specification Control/Check
Sieve Analysis One per 10,000 Twenty-five (25)
(cont.) One per source One per 1,000 cubic Five (5)
(including Fineness cubic metres of kilogram sample
Fine Aggregate metres of concrete kilogram sample
Modulus) concrete from stockpile
for Concrete From stockpile
One per 10,000 Use same
Soundness One per source - Use same sample
cubic metres of sample
concrete
Friable Particles “ - “ “ “
Organic Impurities “ - “
Sand Equivalent “ - “
Moisture
“ One per production day -
One per 10,000
Soluble Sulphates “ - cubic metres of
concrete
Water for
One(1) litre
Portland Quality One (1) litre sample
“ - “ sample
Cement Concrete from source
from source
Five (5)
Five(5) kilogram
Portland Quality Certificates of kilogram sample
One per source “ sample from several
Cement Guarantee from several
bags or silo
bags or silo
One test per shipment Use same
Time of Set (Vicat) - - -
sample

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SOIL AND MATERIAL MANUAL

Minimum Sampling and Test schedule

Test Frequencies Sample Size and Location
General Project
Test Quality/Source Project Control Check Quality/Source
Specification Control/Check
(cont.)
One per mix _ Two Hundred (200)
Portland Mix Design _ -
design kilogram sample of
Cement
aggregate
Concrete
One set of cylinders Three (3)
Compressive One set of One set of cylinders Three (3)
per 50 cubic metres. cylinders from
Strength cylinders per per 500 cubic metres cylinders from
Not less than one per mixer or truck
mix design mixer or truck
production day
0.1 cubic metre _
Air Content See mix design _
“ from mixer or truck

Unit
“
Weight/Cement “ “ -
Factor
One test per 20 cubic 0.05 cubic metre
Slump “ -
metres from mixer or truck
Mortar Same requirements a cement, fine aggregate, and water for concrete.
One sample for each
Certificates of size bar for each 50 One 1.5 metre
Reinforcing Steel Quality _ _
Guarantee tons or fraction of bar each size
that size

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Table 2-12: Minimum Sampling and Test schedule

Test Frequencies Sample Size and Location
General Project
Test Quality/source Project Control Check Quality/Source
Specification Control/Check
Section 5.04 One sample from each One 2-metre strand
Quality _ Certificates of Guarantee _
Prestressing Steel spool each spool
Section 6.09 Certificates of Guarantee One sample from each Ten (10) litre sample
Quality _ _
Paint lot from project storage

Section 6.10
One sample from each Ten (10) litre sample
Thermoplastic Quality _ Certificates of Guarantee _
lot from project storage
Traffic Markings
All other Manufacturer’s certifications and/or test reports covering all material. Additional tests or samples may be ordered by
Manufactured The Engineer.
Items
All other
Contractor Sampling and testing as ordered by the Engineer and required by the specifications.
produced materials
Notes: 1) Not required unless the test is specifically included in the specifications.
2) If the Contractor is not required to furnish facilities to perform test, they may be performed in an independent laboratory approved by the AACRA.
3) If lime is added, acceptance samples shall be taken after the addition of the slurry but before the drier. In this case, minimum acceptance sampling frequency shall be one
per production day.
4) Physical tests required on all samples. Chemical tests required on occasional samples selected by the Engineer.
5) If used for roadway structural improvement, additional design testing will be required.

Section 2 – Sampling and Testing FINAL – November 2004

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