Class 9 – French Lesson 2: Complete
Notes
📘 GRAMMAR (La Grammaire)
✅ Le verbe ÊTRE (to be)
Definition:
Être means 'to be'. It is one of the most important verbs in French and is used to
describe people, professions, emotions, and states.
Conjugation of Être:
Je suis – I am
Tu es – You are (informal)
Il/Elle/On est – He/She/One is
Nous sommes – We are
Vous êtes – You are (formal/plural)
Ils/Elles sont – They are
Examples:
1. Je suis étudiant. (I am a student.)
2. Elle est gentille. (She is kind.)
3. Nous sommes en classe. (We are in class.)
✅ Les adjectifs possessifs (Possessive Adjectives)
Definition:
Possessive adjectives show ownership. In English, they are: my, your, his, her, etc. In
French, they change according to the gender and number of the noun.
Mon (my – masculine) / Ma (my – feminine) / Mes (my – plural)
Ton (your – masculine) / Ta (your – feminine) / Tes (your – plural)
Son (his/her – masculine) / Sa (his/her – feminine) / Ses (his/her – plural)
Notre (our – singular) / Nos (our – plural)
Votre (your – formal/plural) / Vos (your – plural)
Leur (their – singular) / Leurs (their – plural)
Examples:
1. C’est mon livre. (It’s my book.)
2. Ta sœur est belle. (Your sister is beautiful.)
3. Leurs enfants sont adorables. (Their children are adorable.)
✅ Les adjectifs démonstratifs (Demonstrative Adjectives)
Definition:
Demonstrative adjectives point out specific things or people. In English, they are: this,
that, these, those.
Forms:
Ce – masculine singular (before consonant) → ce garçon (this boy)
Cet – masculine singular (before vowel) → cet homme (this man)
Cette – feminine singular → cette fille (this girl)
Ces – plural (masculine & feminine) → ces livres (these books)
Examples:
1. Ce stylo est rouge. (This pen is red.)
2. Cet avion est grand. (This plane is big.)
3. Ces enfants sont joyeux. (These children are happy.)
✅ Les verbes en -IR (2nd group verbs)
Definition:
These are regular verbs that end in -IR in the infinitive form. Their conjugation follows a
regular pattern.
Conjugation of FINIR (to finish):
Je finis – I finish
Tu finis – You finish
Il/Elle/On finit – He/She/One finishes
Nous finissons – We finish
Vous finissez – You finish
Ils/Elles finissent – They finish
Examples:
1. Je finis mes devoirs. (I finish my homework.)
2. Nous finissons à 4h. (We finish at 4 PM.)
3. Ils finissent le projet. (They finish the project.)
✅ Les prépositions (Prepositions)
Definition:
Prepositions are words used before nouns to show location, direction, time, or
relationship.
à – to, at
dans – in
sur – on
sous – under
devant – in front of
derrière – behind
entre – between
avec – with
sans – without
chez – at someone’s place
Examples:
1. Le livre est sur la table. (The book is on the table.)
2. Il est entre la porte et la fenêtre. (He is between the door and the window.)
3. Je vais chez mon ami. (I’m going to my friend’s place.)
