METALS (or) METALLIC ELEMENTS
1. Potassium (K)
2. Sodium (Na)
3. Calcium (Ca)
4. Barium (Ba)
5. Magnesium (Mg)
6. Aluminium (Al)
7. Zinc (Zn)
8. Iron (Fe)
9. Lead (Pb)
10. Copper (Cu)
11. Mercury (Hg)---liquid
12. Silver (Ag)
13. Manganese (Mn)
14. Tin (Sn)
15. Antimony (Sb)
16. Chromium (Cr)
17. Gold (Au)
18. Platinum (Pt)
NON-METALS (or) NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS
1. Sulphur (S)-solid
2. Nitrogen (N)-gas
3. Chlorine (Cl)-gas
4. Bromine (Br)-liquid
5. Iodine (I)-solid
6. Phosphorus (P)-solid
7. Carbon (C)-solid
8. Hydrogen (H)-gas
9. Oxygen (O)-gas
NOBLE GASES
1. Helium (He)
2. Neon (Ne)
3. Argon (Ar)
4. Krypton (Kr)
5. Xenon (Xe)
6. Radon (Rn)
Element - cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
Compound - can be broken down into other substances by chemical means.
Fixed Oxidation Number
K , Na , Ag , H ⟹ +1
Ba , Ca , Mg , Zn ⟹ +2
O ⟹ -2
Al ⟹ +3
Cl , Br , I ⟹ -1
Variable Oxidation Number
Hg , Cu ⟹ +1 , +2
Sn , Pb , C ⟹ +2 , +4
S ⟹ -2 , +4 , +6
Mn ⟹ +2 , +4 , +7
Fe ⟹ +2 , +3
P ⟹ +3 , +5
Cr ⟹ +3 , +6
N ⟹ -3 , +1 , +2 , +3 , +4 , +5
Writing Formula
1st element + 2nd element
= zero
with positive oxidation number with negative oxidation number
(metal or non-metal) (non-metal)
2nd element with negative oxidation number ⟹ Cl , Br , I ⟹ -1 / O , S ⟹ -2 / N⟹-3
Naming Formula
1. Name of 1st element
(a) Fixed oxidation number ⟹ normal
(b) Metal with variable oxidation number(Hg, Cu, Sn, Fe, Pb, Mn, Cr) ⟹ use Roman numerals after
the metal name to indicate its oxidation state in the compound
(c) Non-metal with variable oxidation number (C, S, N, P) ⟹ use Greek prefixes and suffixes to
indicate the number of atoms of each element
Roman numerals ⟹ I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, …
Greek prefixes and suffixes ⟹ mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca, …
2. Name of 2nd element (ending -ide)
Chlorine ─ Cl chloride
Bromine ─ Br bromide
Iodine ─I iodide
Oxygen ─O oxide
Sulfur ─S sulfide
Nitrogen ─N nitride
Acids
No Name Formula Formula Name of acid radical Oxidation
of acid number
radical
1 Hydrochloric acid HCl Cl- Chloride -1
2 Hydrobromic acid HBr Br- Bromide -1
3 Hydriodic acid HI I- Iodide -1
4 Chloric acid HClO3 ClO3- Chlorate -1
5 Bromic acid HBrO3 BrO3- Bromate -1
6 Iodic acid HIO3 IO3- Iodate -1
7 Nitrous acid HNO2 NO2- Nitrite -1
8 Nitric acid HNO3 NO3- Nitrate -1
9 Sulfurous acid H2SO3 HSO3- Hydrogen sulfite -1
SO32- sulfite -2
10 Sulfuric Acid H2SO4 HSO4- Hydrogen sulfate -1
SO42- sulfate -2
11 Phosphorous acid H3PO3 H2PO3- Dihydrogen phosphite -1
HPO32- Hydrogen phosphite -2
PO33- phosphite -3
12 Phosphoric acid H3PO4 H2PO4- Dihydrogen phosphate -1
HPO42- Hydrogen phosphate -2
PO43- phosphate -3
13 Carbonic acid H2CO3 HCO3- Hydrogen carbonate -1
CO32- carbonate -2
14 Methanoic acid HCOOH HCOO- Methanoate -1
15 Ethanoic acid CH3COOH CH3COO- Ethanoate -1
Salt Formula
Metal (or) ammonium + acid radical (or) hydroxide = salt
Ammonia = NH3
Ammonium = NH4+
Hydroxide = OH-
General Equations
1. Metal + acid (dil) → salt + hydrogen
2. Metal oxide + acid (dil) → salt + water
3. Metal hydroxide + acid (dil) → salt + water
4. Metal carbonate + acid (dil) → salt + water + carbon dioxide
