Welcome
Science 9
NAME THE
ORGAN
SYSTEM!
INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM
This includes the skin,
hair, and nails, and it
acts as a protective
barrier against the
external environment.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
The brain, spinal cord,
and nerves form this
system, which is
responsible for
communication and
coordination
throughout the body.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
This system breaks down food and absorbs
nutrients.
ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
This system includes
glands that produce
hormones, which
regulate various bodily
functions.
MUSCULAR AND SKELETAL
SYSTEM
Facilitate movement,
maintain posture, and
generate heat.
Provides support,
protection, and enables
movement.
RESPIRATORY AND
CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS,
WORKING WITH OTHER
ORGAN SYSTEMS
MELC
Explain how the respiratory and
circulatory systems work together to
transport nutrients, gases, and other
molecules to and from the different parts
of the body.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify the different parts of the respiratory
and circulatory systems.
2. Explain the mechanism on how the
respiratory and circulatory systems work
together to transport nutrients, gases, and
molecules to and from the different parts of
the body.
3. Appreciate the importance of respiratory
and circulatory systems in our body.
Respiratory system Its main
function is to facilitate gas
exchange, taking in oxygen and
releasing carbon dioxide.
Breathing is the physical act of
inhaling (taking in oxygen) and
exhaling (releasing carbon
dioxide).
Respiration is using the oxygen in
the air to release energy.
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
1. NOSE AND NASAL CAVITY/PASSAGES
Air normally enters the respiratory system through
the nostrils. These lead into hollow spaces in the
nose called the nasal passages.
Nasal passages filter, moisten, and warm the air
that enters the body.
NOSE AND NASAL
CAVITY/PASSAGES
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
2. Mouth
An alternative pathway for air intake.
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
3. Pharynx (Throat)
A passageway for both air and food, connecting
the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx.
4. Larynx (Voice Box)
It is made mainly of cartilage. It houses the vocal
cords and directs air into the trachea. To prevent
choking during swallowing, food and liquids are
blocked from entering the opening of the larynx by
the epiglottis.
PHARYNX
AND
LARYNX
EPIGLOTTIS
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
5. Trachea (Windpipe)
A tube that carries air from the larynx to the lungs.
6. Bronchi (Bronchial Tubes)
The trachea divides into two main bronchi, one for
each lung and branch in a treelike fashion into
smaller tubes called bronchial tubes.
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
7. Bronchioles
Smaller branches of the bronchi that lead
to the alveoli.
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
8. Alveoli
The walls of the alveoli are the respiratory
surface. It is through these walls that the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between blood and air takes place.
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
9. Lungs
The primary organs for gas exchange,
containing millions of tiny air sacs called
alveoli.
10. Diaphragm
A muscle below the lungs that helps with
breathing by contracting and relaxing to
change the volume of the chest cavity.
1. NOSE
2. MOUTH
10. PHARYNX
3. LARYNX
6. ALVEOLI
4. TRACHEA
7. BRONCHIOLES
8. BRONCHI
9. LUNGS
5. DIAPHRAGM
TWO PHASES OF BREATHING
1. Inhalation
• Draws air into the lungs.
• This is the active phase of breathing.
• Ribs and lungs expand; diaphragm is
pulled downward.
• Chest cavity becomes larger reducing
the pressure.
TWO PHASES OF BREATHING
1. Exhalation
• Forces air out of the lungs.
• This is the passive phase of breathing.
• Ribs and lungs relaxes; diaphragm
relaxes and moves upward.
• Chest cavity becomes smaller increasing
the pressure.
THE BREATHING MECHANISM
DISEASES OF THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1. Emphysema
Is a condition in which the lungs lose their
elasticity. The walls of the alveoli become
damaged, making the respiratory surface
smaller. Emphysema causes shortness of
breath.
DISEASES OF THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
2. Pneumonia
Is a condition in which the alveoli become
filled with fluid. This prevents the exchange
of gases in the lungs.
DISEASES OF THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
3. Lung Cancer
Is a disease in which tumors form in the
lungs as a result of irregular and
uncontrolled growth cell growth. Many
studies have shown a relationship between
lung cancer and smoking.
Learning Task 2:
Create a poster showing how you
can take care of your respiratory
system.
Circulatory system is
responsible for distributing
materials throughout the
body. Take note that
circulation means
transportation or movement in
circles.
Major Parts of the Circulatory System
1. Blood vessels – carries the blood throughout the body.
• Arteries – carry oxygenated blood away from the
heart to the cells, tissues, and organs of the body.
• Veins – carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.
• Capillaries – the smallest blood vessel in the body,
connecting the smallest arteries to the smallest
veins. The actual site where gases and nutrients are
exchanged.
Major Parts of the Circulatory System
2. Blood – carries the materials
throughout the body.
Major Parts of the Circulatory System
3. Heart – pumps the
blood throughout the
body.
PARTS OF THE HUMAN HEART
Pericardium – a
tough membrane
that covers and
protects the heart.
PARTS OF THE HUMAN HEART
Atria (atrium singular)/Auricles –
The two upper, thin-walled
chambers.
Ventricles – the two lower,
thick-walled chambers.
PARTS OF THE HUMAN HEART
Septum – prevents the
deoxygenated blood found
in the right side of the heart
from mixing with the
oxygenated blood of the left
side.
PARTS OF THE HUMAN HEART
Atrioventricular/A-V valves – they allow
blood to flow only from the atria into the
ventricles.
• Tricuspid valve – located in the right side
of the heart between the right atrium
and right ventricle. It has three flaps.
• Bicuspid/mitral valve – located in the left
side of the heart between the left atrium
and left ventricle. It has two flaps.
PARTS OF THE HUMAN HEART
Semilunar valves - located between the
ventricles and the large arteries leaving the
heart.
• Pulmonary valve - between the right
ventricle and pulmonary artery.
• Aortic valve - between the left ventricle
and aorta.
PARTS OF THE HUMAN HEART
Aorta - the largest artery in the human
body, responsible for carrying oxygen-rich
blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
PARTS OF THE HUMAN HEART
The two largest veins in the human body,
responsible for returning deoxygenated
blood to the heart.
• Superior vena cava (SVC) collects blood
from the upper body (head, neck, arms,
and chest).
• Inferior vena cava (IVC) collects blood
from the lower body (abdomen, pelvis,
legs, and feet).
PARTS OF THE HUMAN HEART
Pulmonary arteries - carry oxygen-poor
blood from the heart to the lungs.
Pulmonary veins - carry oxygen-rich blood
from the lungs back to the heart.
Type of Circulation
1. Pulmonary Circulation – movement of
blood from the heart to the lungs, and
back to the heart.
2. Coronary Circulation – movement of
blood through the tissues of the heart.
3. Systemic Circulation – movement of
blood from the heart to the rest of the
body, excluding the lungs.
LEARNING
TASK 1: Label
the parts of
the heart.
Thank you
