Date: 1st September

Class: XI | Subject: Informatics Practices (IP)

Chapter 5: Flow of Control
Topic: The if-elif Statement in Python

🎯 Learning Objectives
• Understand the purpose of multi-conditional logic in Python using if-elif.
• Learn syntax and flow of decision-making structures.
• Apply if-elif for real-world programming scenarios like grading, menu selection, etc.

🧠 Key Concepts Recap

Statement Part Description

if Evaluates the first condition; runs block if True
elif Short for "else if"; checks next condition if previous if or elif was False
else Catches any case not handled by if or elif (optional)
Indentation Vital for defining which statements belong to which condition
Flow Control Python evaluates conditions top-down until one matches

🛠 Learning Activities

1. Grading System Program

• Students write a Python program to assign grades based on marks using if, elif, and
else.
• Example:
2. marks = int(input("Enter marks: "))
3. if marks >= 90:
4. print("Grade: A")
5. elif marks >= 80:
6. print("Grade: B")
7. elif marks >= 70:
8. print("Grade: C")
9. else:
print("Grade: D")

10. Menu Selection Project

• Display options (1. Print 2. Save 3. Exit).
• Students use if-elif-else to respond to user input and run matching command.
11. Code Debug Challenge
• Teacher gives a buggy script with incorrect indentation and logic.
• Students correct the flow and explain how elif improves clarity.
 12. Interactive Quiz Builder
• Students build a short quiz where answers trigger different responses using if-elif.

💬 Q&A Discussion

Question Model Answer

It stands for "else if" and checks another condition after
What does elif mean in Python?
if.
Why use if-elif over multiple if It improves efficiency and avoids checking unnecessary
statements? conditions.
No, but it’s useful to catch cases not covered by any
Is the else block mandatory?
condition.
What happens if multiple conditions are
Only the first True condition’s block will run.
True?
How does indentation affect control It defines which statements belong to which condition
flow? block.

📚 Homework Assignment
• Write a Python program that takes a number and checks:

 If it's positive → print “Positive”

 If it's negative → print “Negative”
 If it’s zero → print “Zero”
• Use if-elif-else and submit your code with a flowchart sketch.

Date: 2nd September

Class: XI | Subject: Informatics Practices (IP)
Chapter 5: Flow of Control
Topic: The Nested if Statement in Python

🎯 Learning Objectives
• Understand the concept and structure of nested if statements.
• Learn how multi-level condition checking works in a program.
• Apply nested if to real-world logic, such as decision trees and category filters.

🧠 Key Concepts Recap

Concept Description
Nested if An if statement placed inside another if to check further conditions
Indentation Crucial for defining nested blocks correctly
Logical Flow Outer condition is checked first; inner block runs only if outer is True
Efficiency Helps narrow down choices based on layered decision-making

🛠 Learning Activities

1. Age & Eligibility Checker

• Students write a Python program:
2. age = int(input("Enter age: "))
3. if age >= 18:
4. nationality = input("Are you Indian (yes/no)? ")
5. if nationality.lower() == "yes":
6. print("Eligible to vote.")
7. else:
8. print("Not eligible due to nationality.")
9. else:
print("Not eligible due to age.")

10. Menu Filter System

• Students create a program where main option selection triggers sub-options using
nested if.
11. Debug the Nest
• Teacher provides a code with incorrect indentation or missing blocks.
• Students fix logic and explain the structure.
12. Scenario Sort Game
• Students receive cards with logic puzzles (e.g., “Student has more than 80 marks and
plays football”)
• They design matching nested if structures on paper or Python IDE.
💬 Q&A Discussion

Question Model Answer

It’s an if condition placed inside another to allow deeper
What is a nested if statement?
decision layers.
Why is indentation important in
It tells Python which block belongs to which condition.
nested if?
Can we use multiple levels of nested Yes, but deeper nesting should be used carefully to
if? maintain readability.
How does control flow in nested if Python checks outer if, then inner only if the outer
structures? condition is true.
What’s a real-life example of nested
Checking age first, then checking qualifications for a job.
decisions?

📚 Homework Assignment
• Write a Python program that checks if a number is positive.

 If positive, check if it's even.

 If negative, print “Negative number”.
• Use nested if statements and submit the code with a diagram of your logic flow.

Date: 4th September

Class: XI | Subject: Informatics Practices (IP)
Chapter 5: Flow of Control
Topic: Repetition of Tasks – A Necessity in Programming

🎯 Learning Objectives
• Understand why repeating tasks is vital in programming.
• Explore situations that require iteration, such as data processing and automation.
• Identify the limitations of manual repetition versus programming constructs.
• Introduce looping as a solution to repetitive actions.

🧠 Key Concepts Recap

Concept Description
Task Repetition Performing the same operation multiple times
Manual Repetition Writing similar statements again and again, which is inefficient
Automation Through Using programming structures to repeat tasks efficiently (preview of
Loops for/while)
Programs must handle multiple operations without writing each one
Scalability
manually

🛠 Learning Activities

1. Manual vs. Programmatic Comparison

• Write 5 print statements manually:
2. print("Hello")
3. print("Hello")
... (x5)

• Then preview using loops:

for i in range(5):
print("Hello")

• Discuss why looping is more efficient.

4. Classroom Scenario Game

• Pose a task: “Greet 50 students one by one.”
• Ask how long it would take manually vs. with a loop.
• Students brainstorm where repetition occurs in school systems.
 5. Daily Routine Mapping
• Ask students to list any task they do repeatedly every day.
• Connect real-life repetition to programming logic.
6. Loop Teaser Preview
• Share simple loop syntax as an introduction to the next topic:
7. for i in range(1, 11):
print(i)

💬 Q&A Discussion

Question Model Answer

Why do programmers need Many tasks, like calculations or printouts, need to be done
repetition? multiple times.
What’s the problem with manual
It’s time-consuming, error-prone, and not scalable.
repetition?
What concept helps solve repetitive
Loops, like for and while, repeat tasks efficiently.
coding?
How does repetition affect program Automation reduces clutter and makes code cleaner and
clarity? easier to maintain.
Is repetition used in real-world Yes—data analysis, web page updates, billing systems, and
applications? games use loops.

📚 Homework Assignment
• Write five manual print statements repeating a message.

Date: 6th September

Class: XI | Subject: Informatics Practices (IP)
Chapter 5: Flow of Control
Topic: The range() Function in Python

🎯 Learning Objectives
• Understand the purpose and structure of Python’s range() function.
• Learn how range() supports looping and iteration.
• Explore different forms of range() using start, stop, and step parameters.
• Practice using range() with for loops in real-world scenarios.

🧠 Key Concepts Recap

Syntax Description Example

range(stop) Generates values from 0 to stop-1 range(5) → 0,1,2,3,4
range(start, stop) Generates values from start to stop-1 range(2,6) → 2,3,4,5
range(start, stop, range(1,10,2) →
step) Generates values with specified interval
1,3,5,7,9
Commonly used to control the number of
Used with for for i in range(3):
loop iterations

🛠 Learning Activities

1. Range Explorer Drill

• Write three loops:
2. for i in range(5):
3. print(i)
4.
5. for i in range(3, 8):
6. print(i)
7.
8. for i in range(10, 1, -2):
print(i)

• Discuss how parameters change output.

9. Number Pattern Builder

• Use range() to print even numbers from 2 to 20.
• Extend activity by reversing the range to count down.
10. Loop Design Challenge
• Students receive tasks like “Print table of 7” or “Display squares of numbers from 1 to
 5”.
• They use range() in for loops to complete them.
11. Decode the Logic Puzzle
• Teacher gives output: 2 4 6 8
• Students guess and write the range() logic that produced it.

💬 Q&A Discussion

Question Model Answer

What does range(5) return? A sequence of numbers: 0 to 4
How can we generate even numbers using
By using range(2, 21, 2)
range()?
Can range() be used to count backward? Yes, with a negative step like range(10, 0, -1)
Why is range() used with loops? It helps control how many times a loop repeats
Yes, but it produces an empty sequence as start
Is range(1,1) valid? What’s its output?
equals stop

📚 Homework Assignment
• Write Python code using range() to:

1. Print numbers from 1 to 10

Date: 23rd September

Class: XI | Subject: Informatics Practices (IP)
Chapter 5: Flow of Control
Topic: Iteration/Looping Statements in Python

🎯 Learning Objectives
• Recognize the importance of repetition in problem-solving and programming
• Understand different looping constructs: for and while
• Learn syntax and use cases of for and while loops
• Apply loops to automate repetitive tasks in Python

🧠 Key Concepts Recap

Loop
Description Syntax Example
Type
Repeats a block for a definite number of times
for loop for i in range(5): print(i)
using iterables or range()
while loop Repeats as long as a condition remains True while i < 5: print(i); i += 1
Loop Uses break, continue, and pass to modify break exits loop early; continue
Control flow skips to next iteration

🛠 Learning Activities

1. Loop Creation Workshop

• Write two programs:
a) Display numbers from 1 to 10 using a for loop
b) Display numbers until user enters a negative value using a while loop
2. Loop Comparison Lab
• Students design the same task using both for and while, then compare strengths
• Example task: Print even numbers from 2 to 20
3. Control Flow Puzzle
• Introduce break and continue through small challenges:
E.g., Skip printing 5 from a series 1 to 10 using continue
4. Live Use Case Brainstorm
• Ask students: "Where do you see loops in real life?"
• Match with programming analogies like vending machines, billing counters, or repeated
alerts

💬 Q&A Discussion
 Question Model Answer
A loop repeats a set of instructions until a condition is
What is a loop in Python?
met or range ends
What is the difference between for for is used when the number of repetitions is known;
and while loops? while depends on conditions
What does the break statement do? It exits the loop before completing all iterations
Why are loops important in They make programs efficient by avoiding repetitive
programming? manual code
Yes, you can place one loop inside another to handle
Can loops be nested?
multi-level repetition

📚 Homework Assignment
• Write Python code using:

1. A for loop to display multiplication table of 7

2. A while loop to print numbers from 1 to 10

Date: 25th September

Class: XI | Subject: Informatics Practices (IP)

Chapter 5: Flow of Control
Topic: The for Loop in Python
🎯 Learning Objectives
• Grasp the concept of iteration and how for loops simplify repetitive tasks.
• Understand the role of sequences (range, lists, strings) in for loops.
• Apply for loops to practical programming scenarios such as counting, pattern printing, and
data processing.

🧠 Key Concepts Recap

Concept Description Example

Repeats a block of code for each item in a
for loop for i in range(5): print(i)
sequence
Generates a sequence of numbers for loop
range() range(1, 6) → 1,2,3,4,5
iteration
A group of items (list, tuple, string) that can be for char in 'Hello':
Sequence print(char)
looped over
The indented block of code that gets executed
Loop Body
each iteration

🛠 Learning Activities

1. Number Loop Starter

• Students write:
2. for i in range(1, 6):
print("Step", i)

• Discuss how output changes with different range values.

3. List Loop Game

• Use:
4. fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Mango']
5. for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)

• Let students create their own list and loop through it.

6. Pattern Challenge
• Display star patterns using:
7. for i in range(1, 6):
print('*' * i)

• Extend by printing inverted or pyramid patterns.

 8. For Loop Debug Race
• Give faulty loop codes with missing colons or wrong indentation.
• Teams fix errors and explain correct syntax.

💬 Q&A Discussion

Question Model Answer

What is a for loop used for? It automates repetition over a sequence of elements.
Can for loops run over strings? Yes, each character in a string can be looped through.
What does range(3, 8) produce? A sequence: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Why is indentation important in
It defines which statements are part of the loop body.
loops?
Can you use for with lists and Yes, for loops can iterate over any iterable like lists, tuples,
tuples? strings.

📚 Homework Assignment
• Write Python code using for loops to:

1. Print numbers from 1 to 10

2. Display the table of 5

Date: 26th September

Class: XI | Subject: Informatics Practices (IP)

Chapter 5: Flow of Control
Topic: The while Loop in Python
🎯 Learning Objectives
• Understand the role of while loops in executing repetitive tasks based on a condition
• Grasp the difference between condition-controlled and count-controlled loops
• Practice writing while loops with variables, input statements, and counters
• Learn how to avoid infinite loops through proper condition handling

🧠 Key Concepts Recap

Concept Description Example

while loop Repeats code block while condition is True while x < 5:
A logical expression that must be True to continue
Condition x != 0 or i <= 10
looping
Counter Tracks loop progress and should be updated inside i += 1
Variable loop
Occurs when condition never becomes False; must while True: (with no
Infinite Loop
be avoided exit)
Termination Loop ends when the condition becomes False

🛠 Learning Activities

1. Simple Counting Loop

• Students write:
2. i = 1
3. while i <= 5:
4. print(i)
i += 1

5. User-Controlled Input Loop

• Ask user to enter numbers until they type -1 to stop:
6. num = int(input("Enter a number (-1 to stop): "))
7. while num != -1:
8. print("You entered:", num)
num = int(input("Enter next number: "))

9. Loop Debug Activity

• Provide buggy loops with missing counter updates or faulty conditions.
• Students correct and explain their changes.
10. Real-Life Loop Scenario Discussion
• Brainstorm examples like ATM PIN entry, sensor readings, or school attendance until
conditions change.
💬 Q&A Discussion

Question Model Answer

It runs a block of code repeatedly as long as the
What is a while loop in Python?
condition is True.
What happens if the condition never The loop runs infinitely, causing logical or runtime
becomes False? errors.
How does a while loop differ from a for while is condition-controlled; for is typically
loop? count-controlled.
Why should you update a variable inside a
To change the condition and avoid infinite loops.
while loop?
Yes, but it needs a break condition to stop
Is a while True: loop valid?
execution safely.

📚 Homework Assignment
• Write Python code using while loop to:

1. Print even numbers from 2 to 20

Date: 27th September

Class: XI | Subject: Informatics Practices (IP)

Chapter 6: List Manipulation in Python
Topic: Introduction to Lists
🎯 Learning Objectives
• Understand what a list is and why it’s useful in Python programming
• Learn how to create, access, and modify lists
• Recognize Python list characteristics: ordered, mutable, and heterogeneous
• Introduce basic list operations for storing and manipulating data collections

🧠 Key Concepts Recap

Concept Description Example

A collection of items enclosed in square fruits = ['apple', 'mango',
List 'pear']
brackets []
Indexing Position of items; starts from 0 in Python fruits[0] gives 'apple'
Mutable Lists can be modified after creation fruits[1] = 'banana'
Heterogeneous Lists can hold different data types [10, 'text', 3.14]
Nested List A list inside another list [[1, 2], [3, 4]]

🛠 Learning Activities

1. List Maker Activity

• Students list 5 favorite items (e.g., colors, subjects) and store them in a Python list
• Practice accessing 1st and last item using index and negative indexing
2. Data Type Mix-Up
• Teacher displays a list with mixed types and asks students to identify each item’s type
• Discuss when mixed-type lists might be useful
3. Memory Challenge Game
• Students get a list like ['pen', 'pencil', 'eraser']
• Recreate the list by memory and modify the 2nd item using Python
4. Nested List Puzzle
• Students analyze a nested list and access inner elements using double indexing

💬 Q&A Discussion

Question Model Answer

What is a list in Python? A list is a collection of values stored in square brackets.
Can lists hold different data types? Yes, lists can be heterogeneous.
How does Python access list items? Using index numbers starting from 0
Are Python lists mutable? Yes, items in a list can be changed.
What is a nested list? A list inside another list
📚 Homework Assignment
• Create a list called subjects with 5 subject names