Light
1) Suppose you are in a dark room. Can you see objects in the room? Can
you see objects outside the room? Explain.
Answer: When we are in a dark room then we cannot see objects in the
room. We can see the objects outside the room, because out of the room the
light is available and the rays of light can enter our eyes after reflection from
the objects.
2) Differentiate between regular and diffused reflection. Does diffused
reflection mean the failure of the laws of reflection?
Regular Reflection Diffused Reflection
(i) The reflected rays are not
(i) All the reflected rays are parallel.
parallel.
(ii) It occurs on a smooth and polished (ii) It occurs on the rough
surface. surface.
(iii) Reflected rays are scattered
(iii) Reflected rays are in one direction.
in different directions.
No, diffuse reflection doesn’t mean the failure of laws of reflection
3) Mention against each of the following whether regular or diffused
reflection will take place when a beam of light strikes. Justify your answer
in each case.
1. Polished wooden table: Regular reflection will take place because the
surface is plane and polished.
2. Chalk powder: Diffused reflection will take place because the
surface is rough.
3. Cardboard surface: Diffused reflection will take place because the
surface is rough.
4. Marble floor with water spread over it:
: Regular reflection will take place because the surface is smooth and
plane.
5. Mirror: Regular reflection will take place because the surface is plane
and polished.
6. Piece of paper: Diffused reflection will take place because the surface is
rough.
4) State the laws of reflection.
Answer: The laws of reflections are:
* First law of reflection: It states that “the angle of incidence is equal
to the angle of reflection”.
* Second law of reflection: It states that “the incident ray, the normal and
the reflected ray, all lie in the same plane”.
5) Explain how you can take care of your eyes.
Answer: We must
Always sit straight while reading or writing.
If advised, use suitable spectacles.
Wash our eyes with clean water frequently.
Do not look at the sun directly.
Always read or write in a proper light.
Eat the food rich in Vitamin A (Carrot, Green vegetables etc)
While reading, there should be a distance of at least 25 cm between the
eyes and the book.
6) What is the angle of incidence of a ray if the reflected ray is at an angle
of 90° to the incident ray?
Answer: If the reflected ray is at the angle of 90o to the incident ray, then the
angle of incidence is 45o.
According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence and the angle of
reflection are equal. Therefore, both the angle of incidence and the angle of
reflection are 90/2 = 45o.
7) How many images of a candle will be formed if it is placed between two
parallel plane mirrors separated by 40 cm?
Answer: Here mirrors are placed parallel, the infinite number of images will
be formed.
8) Two mirrors meet at right angles. A ray of light is incident on one at an
angle of 30° as shown in Fig. 16.19. Draw the reflected ray from the second
mirror.
Answer
9) Describe the construction of a kaleidoscope.
Answer: Kaleidoscope is a device based on the principle of multiple
reflections. It consists of three long and narrow strips of plane mirrors inclined
at an angle of 60° to one another forming prism. This is fitted in a tube. One
end of this tube is closed by a cardboard
cardboard disc having a hole at its centre. To the
other end touching the mirrors plane glass plate is fixed on which broken
pieces of coloured bangles are placed. This end of the tube is closed by a
ground glass plate.
10) Describe an activity to show that the incident ray, the reflected ray and
the normal at the point of incidence lie in the same plane.
Answer: Materials Required: Plane mirror, r, holder, ray box, etc.
Procedure: Fix sheet of white paper, a little beyond the edge of the board. Place
a plane mirror strip vertically to the paper using a stand. Throw light from a ray
box on the mirror. Look at the reflected ray. Mark the incident ra ray, normal ray
and reflected ray. Fold the paper which is beyond the edge of the board. You
will observe that the reflected ray is not seen in the folded portion of the chart
paper. Now bring the folded portion back to its original position. The reflected
ray
ay of light is again seen on the page.
Conclusion:: The sheet on the board can be considered as a plane. The incident
ray, the reflected ray, the normal at the point of incidence lie in the same plane.
Incident ray, reflected ray and normal at the point of
of incidence lie in the same
plane.
