Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

Hints & Solutions

EXERCISE - 1 6. Atomic No. 56
Electronic configuration : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
PART - I 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2.

h k PART - II
1. 1 = = ,
2mq (100) 10 1 V2 200 2
1. = = = .
h k h k 2 V1 50 1
2 = = , 3 = =
2mq(81) 9 2mq(49) 7
h
k k 2. = = 1.33 × 10–3 Å
– mv
3 − 2   20
=  7 9 =
1 k 63
For an  particle,  =
0.101
  3. Å.
 10  V

2. (a) n = 3 ,  = 1  3p (b) n = 5 ,  = 2  5d 4. An electron has particle and wave nature both.

(c) n = 4 ,  = 1  4p (d) n = 2 ,  = 0  2s h 1
5. = 
mv m
(e) n = 4 ,  = 2  4d h
6. K.E. = eV  =
h
2meV
3. Orbital angular momentum = ( + 1) h
2  = 2meV

For 4s orbital,  = 0
2r 2  0.529 Å
 Angular momentum = 0 (0 + 1)
h
= 0. 8. 2r = n = =
2 n 1

For 3p orbital,  = 1 9. X .P 

h
4
h h
Angular momentum = 1 (1 + 1) = . h
2 2 m(X .V) =  m = 0.099 Kg
4
For 4th orbit,
h
Angular momentum =
nh
=
4h
=
2h
. 10. X .P 
2 2  4
X→ 0  P → 
4. (i)  = 0  m = 0 (m  1) 11. For 4 orbital electrons, n = 4
(iii) n = 1  = 0 (  2)  = 3 (because )
(vi) s = + 1/2 or – 1/2 (s  0) m = + 3, + 2, + 1, 0, –1, –2, –3 s = + 1/2.
12. 24Cr → 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d5, 4s1
5. (i) 26Fe3+ : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5
  = 1,  = 1,  = 2
It contains 5 unpaired electrons n=5
(we know for p,  = 1 and for d,  = 2).
n 5
 Total spin = ± =± For  = 1, total number of electrons = 12
2 2
Magnetic moment = n(n + 2) For  = 2, total number of electron = 5.

= 5(5 + 2) = 35 BM. 13. The electron have n + l higher value have hegher
energy.
(ii) 29Cu+ : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 n+l=3+0=3
It contains 0 unpaired electron n+l=3+1=4
 Total spin = 0. n+l=3+2=5 (highest energy)
 Spin magnetic Moment = 0. n+l=4+0=4
14. Following Aufbau principle for filling electrons.

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 Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

15. n = 5 2. The value of  (azimuthal quantum number) for s

Possible subshell are
-electron is equal to zero.
 5s, 5p, 5d, 5f, 5g
h
 Total number of orbital Orbital angular momentum = ( + 1) .
= 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 25 2
Substituting the value of l for s-electron =
16. Cl17– : [Ne] 3s2 3p6. h
Last electron enters 3p orbital. 0(0 + 1) . =0
2
  = 1 and m = 1, 0, –1.
4. An orbital can have maximum 2 electrons.
17. Number of radial nodes = n –  – 1 = 1, n = 3.
5. = 3(3 + 2) = 3.87 BM
  = 1.
Orbital angular momentum 6. d7 : 3 unpaired electrons.
h h n 3
= ( + 1) = 2 .  Total spin = ± =± .
2 2 2 2
18. Cl17 : [Ne] 3s2 3p5.
Unpaired electron is in 3p orbital.
 n = 3,  = 1, m = 1, 0, – 1. 7.
1
19. Only Spin quantum number (s) is not derived So, electrons with spin quantum number = –
2
from Schrodinger wave equation.
will be 1 + 3 + 5 = 9.
20. n = 4, m = – 3
 only possible value of  is 3. 8. Ni Atomic No : 28
Ni : [Ar] 3d8 4a2 ; Ni2+ [Ar] 3d8 4s0
 Orbital angular momentum
h 2 3h 3 h
= ( + 1) = = .
2 2  No. of unpairecd electron = 2
h = 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d6, 4s2
21. Orbital angular momentum = ( + 1) = 0. 9. 26Fe
2 Fe++= 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d6
  = 0 (s orbital). The number of d -electrons retained in Fe2+ = 6.
10. Sc (21) – 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1
22. Magnetic moment = n (n + 2) = 24 B.M.
 No. of unpaired electron = 4. 11. X23 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2.
X26 : 1s2 2s22p63s23p63d64s2. No. of electron with  = 2 are 3 (3d3).
To get 4 unpaired electrons, outermost
configuration will be 3d6. EXERCISE - 2
 No. of electrons lost = 2 (from 4s2).
 n = 2. PART - I
Mn2+ h
23. has the maximum number of unpaired 1. = = 0.4  10–33 cm
electrons (5) andtherefore has maximum mv
moment.
h 6.63  10−34  1000
24. Cu : 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1. 2. = = = 11.05 × 10–34 =
 Cu2+ : 1s22s22p63s23p63d9 or [Ar]3d9. mv 60  10
1.105 ×10–33 metres.
25. Zn2+ : [Ar] 3d10 (0 unpaired electrons).
Fe2+ : [Ar] 3d6 (4 unpaired electrons) maximum. h 6.63  10 –34
Ni3+ : [Ar] 3d7 (3 unpaired electrons). 3. As  = = = 3.97
mv 1.67  10 –27  1  103
Cu+ : [Ar] 3d10 (0 unpaired electrons).
× 10–10 M = 0.397 × 10–9 M = ~ 0.40 nm.
PART - III h
4. De-broglie wavelength (for particles) =
1. Number of radial nodes = n –  – 1 2m KE
number of angular nodes =  As temperature is same, KE is same. So,
total nodes = n – 1 1
  .
Ans. a = 4 ; b = 2 ; c = 3 ; d = 1 m
Hence db (electron) > db (neutron)
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 Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

h  Total numbers of electrons in any orbit =

5. x × P = =n−1
4
x × [mv] =
h  2(2 + 1) .
4 =0

600  0.005 14. Spin quantum number does not comes from
v = = 0.03
100 Schrodinger equation.
6.6  10–34 1 1
So x [9.1 × 10–31 × 0.03] = s = + and – have been assigned arbitrarily.
4  3.14 2 2
6.6  10 –34 15. For 1s, 3s, 3d and 2p orbital,  = 0, 0, 2, 1
x = = 1.92 × 10–3M.
4  3.14  9.1  0.03  10 –31 respectively.
h Orbital angular momentum = ( + 1) .
6. p.x =
4 16. After np orbital, (n + 1) s orbital is filled.
6.62  10−34
 x = = 5.27 × 10–30 m. 17. I : For n = 5, lmin = 0.
4  3.14  1 10−5  Orbital angular momentum
h = ( + 1) = 0.(False)
7. x . p   v = 3.499  10–24 ms–1
4 II : Outermost electronic configuration = 3s1 or
3s2.
h  possible atomic number = 11or 12 (False).
8. x.v =
4 m III : Mn25 = [Ar] 3d5 4s2.
6.6  10–34  5 unpaired electrons.
v = 5
4  3.14  25  10−5  Total spin = ± (False).
 v = 2.1 × 10–18 ms–1 2
IV : Inert gases have no unpaired electrons.
9. According to Heisenberg's uncertainity principle  spin magnetic moment = 0 (True).
h
x × p = 18. For principle quantum number n
4
 = 0 to (n – 1) and m = – to  including zero.
h
x × (m.v) =
4 19. Factual
h
 x = 20. The electron having same principle quantum
4 m.v number and azimuthal quantum number will be
0.001 the same energy in absence of magnetic and
where, v = × 300 = 3 × 10–3 ms–1
100 electric field.
6.63  10−34 (iv) n = 3, l = 2, m =1
 x = (v) n = 3, l = 2, m = 0
4  3.14  9.1  10−31  3  10−3 have same n and l value.
= 1.29 × 10–2m.
21. For hydrogen the energy order of orbital is
10. s orbital is spherical so non-directional.
1s < 2s = 2p < 3s = 3p = 3d < 4s = 4p = 4d = 4
11. The lobes of dxy orbital are at an angle of 45º 22. 28Ni → [Ar]3d8 4s2
3d 4s 4p
with X and Y axis. So along the lobes, angular
probability distribution is maximum.
Number of unpaired electrons (n) = 2
12. The lobes of dx2 − y2 orbital are alligned along X
 = n(n + 2) = 2(2 + 2) = 8  2.84
and Y axis. Therefore the probability of finding
the electron is maximum along x and y-axis. 23. (a) 4p (b) 4s (c) 3d (d) 3p
13. Total number of electrons in an orbital = 2 (2 Acc. to (n + ) rule, increasing order of energy

+1). (d) < (b) < (c) < (a)

24. Z = 37.
The value of  varies from 0 to n – 1. Rb is in fifth period.
[Kr]5s1 is its configuration.
1 1
So n = 5, l = 0, m = 0, s = + or –
2 2

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 Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

so the combinations are 2p, 3s. So 8 electrons.

PART - II
5. n(n + 2) = 4.9
h h h
1. = = = .  No. of unpaired electrons, n = 4.
mv 2mKE 2mqV 2 5
25Mn : [Ar]4s 3d
When v, KE and V are same, as m increasing,  For having 4 unpaired electrons, a Mn atom
decreases. e > p >  (if v, KE and V are should lose 3 electrons (2 from 4s and 1 from
same). 3d).
 a = +3.
2. n = 4, m = 2
Value of  = 0 to (n – 1) but m = 2. PART - IV
  = 2 or 3 only 1. Number of values of  = total number of
Value of s may be +1/2 or – 1/2. subshells = n.
3. n(n + 2) = 1.732 Value of  = 0, 1, 2 ........ (n – 1).
Number of unpaired electrons, n = 1.  = 2  m = –2, –1, 0, +1, +2 (5 values)
2 5
25X : [Ar] 4s 3d
m = – to +  through zero.
For having one unpaired electron, 6 electrons are
to be removed (2 from 4s & 4 from 3d). 2. Multiply Angular part and Radial part of 1s
 Y = 6. orbital and square this.
h
4. Spin angular momentum S = s(s + 1) . 3. For s-orbital probability of finding an electron is
2 same at all angles at specific radius.
1 3 h
s=  S= × . 4. Two unpaired electrons present in carbon atom
2 2 2 are in different orbitals. So they have different
5. (A) 24Cr : [Ar]3d54s1 magnetic quantum number.
(B) m = –  to +  through zero. 5. Electronic configuration of Zn2+ ion is 1s2 2s2 2p6
(C) 47Ag : 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s14d10. 3s2 3p6 3d10 so no electron in 4s orbital.
Since only one unpaired electron is present.
 23 electrons have spin of one type and 24 of h 1 1  h
6. s (s + 1) = +1
the opposite type. 2 2  2  2
6. 8O : [He] 2s22p4 ; 16S : [Ne] 3s23p4 3 h h
= = 0.866
7. Only (A) and (B) arrangements follow Hund's 2 2 2
rule.
7. For lower state (S1)
8. (B) If the electronic configuration of 6C is written
No. of radial node = 1 = n –  – 1
as 1s6, then Pauli exclusion principle has been
violated. Put n = 2 and  = 0 (as higher state S2 has n = 3)
1 1 So, it would be 2s (for S1 state)
(D) The + and – values of spin quantum
2 2
number denote two quantum mechanical spin  32 
states, which have no classical analogue. 8. Energy of state S1 = – 13.6   eV/atom
 22 
PART - III 9
= (energy of H-atom in ground state)
2. (2 – Zr)2 = 0 4
Zr = 2 = 2.25 (energy of H-atom in ground state).
2 2
r= = = 1Å 9. For state S2
z 2
No. of radial node = 1 = n –  – 1 .......
3. dxy, dyz, dxz (eq.-1)
The lobes of dxy orbital are at an angle of 45º Energy of S2 state = energy of e– in lowest state
with X and Y axis. So along the lobes, angular of H-atom
probability distribution is maximum similarly for = – 13.6 eV/atom
dyz & dxz.
 32 
4. Cr : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5 = – 13.6   eV/atom
n+=3  n2 

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 Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

n = 3.
put in equation (1)  = 1

n,,m (r)
so, orbital  3p (for S2 state).
10. Cu+ ⎯→ 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d10
Fe+3 ⎯→ 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d5
r
Cr+3 ⎯→ 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d3 a0
Co+3 ⎯→ 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d6
Cu+ ion have maximum number of full filled
orbital 6. For 1s orbital  should be independent of , also
Number of electrons related to  = 2 are 10 it does not contain any radial node.
E1 E1 3E
Number of electrons related to  + m = 0 are 12 – – 1
E 4 – E2 3  36 27
11. Cr+3 ⎯→ 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d3 = 16 4 = 16 = =
E6 – E 2 E1 E1
–
8E
– 1
8  16 32
Number of electrons related to n +  = 5 are 3 36 4 36
Magnetic moment u = n(n + 2) B.M. PART - II
= 35 = 15 B.M. 1. 2r = n
12. Co+3 ⎯→ 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d6 n2
2a0 = n
Number of unpaired e– = 4 Z
Number of electrons related to n +  = 5 are 6. n2
2a0 = n1.5 a0
Z
EXERCISE - 3 n 1.5 3
= = = 0.75
Z 2 4
PART - I
2. From n +  rule the increasing order of energies
1. n = 4, m = 1, –1
of electrons will be IV < II < III < I
Hence can be = 3, 2, 1
i.e. Hf ; 2 orbitals
Hd ; 2 orbitals 3. By the graph since 2 is not zero at r = 0 it must
Hp ; 2 orbitals be s orbital
1 also n –  –1 = 1
Hence total of 6 orbitals, and we want m s = – ,
2 n=2(  = 0)
that is only one kind of spin. So, 6 electrons. it is 2s orbital
2. Energy order of orbitals of H is decided by only 4. (r) is probability density of an electron and it is
principle quantum number (n) while energy order maximum at a & c.
of H– is decided by (n + ) rule :
5. Energies of the orbitals in the same subshell
Electronic configuration of ‘H–’ is - 1s2 its Energy decrease with increase in the atomic number
order is decided by n+ rule. E2s(H) > E2s(Li) > E2s(Na) > E2s(K)
H– = 1s22s02p0
Its 2nd excited state is 2p and degenery 2p is ‘3’ 7. 2r = n
n2
3. For 1s electron in H-atom, plot of radial 2 × a0 = n
Z
probability function (4r2R2) V/s r is as shown :
42
2 2 2 × a0 = 4
4r R 1
 = 8 a0

8. For n = 4 possible values of  = 0, 1, 2, 3 only  =

r 2 &  = 3 can have m = –2.
4. s-orbital is non directional so wave function will So possible subshells are 2.
be independent of cos 
9. From the following 2 function graph (2 =
5. For 2s orbital no. of radial nodes = n –– 1 = 1 probability density)
2 can be zero for 3p orbital other than infinity.

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 Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
= 2→m = –2, –1, 0, +1, +2
 = 3→m = –3, –2, –1, 0, +1, +2, +3
 = 4→m = –4, –3, –2, 0, +1,+2, +3, +4

15. n = 4 possible value of  = 0, 1, 2, 3

As m = –3 so only possible value of  is 3
For  = 3 m = –3, –2, –1, 0, +1, +2, +3
23p
Radial node = [n –  – 1] = 4 – 3 – 1 = 0

16. Angular nodes =  = 0

Radial nodes = (n – – 1) = 2
=n–0–1=2
10.  = h n=3
2m (qV ) So orbital is 3s.

 Li3 + m P qP 1 1 17. Ga = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p1
= =  Ga+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2
P mLi3 + qLi3 + 8 .3 3
Azimuthal Quantum number () for valence shell
1 1
= = = 0.2 = 2 × 10–1 electron is 0.
24.9 5
12 .3
so x = 2 18.  =
v
11. From NCERT v = 40 × 103
12.3 12 .3
12. Angular node =  = 2 = =
40  10 3 2  10 2
Radial node = (n –  – 1) = 2
= 0.0615 Å = 6.15 × 10–12 m
=n–2–1=2 Ans. 6
n=5
So orbital is 5d. 19. 23V = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2

13. From Heisenberg’s principle of uncertainty 20. x.p =

h
h 4
(x) (p) = (S unit) (P = mV) h
4 x.mV = .
4
10 5 6.62  10 −34
x × × 90 × = v = 5 × 106 ×
0.02
1000 100 22
4 100
7 v → 1000 m/s
Or x = 1.17 × 10–33 h 6.63  10–34
Or = x × 10–33 x = =
Ans. 1 4  m. V 4  3.14  9.1 10− 31  1000 m / s
= 5.8 × 10–8 s = 58 × 10–9 s
14. n = 5 & m= +2

21. 32Ge = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p2
  0 0 1 0 1 2 0 1

m ( )
0 0 –1 0 + 1 0 –1 0 + 1 –2 –1 0 +1 + 2 0 –1 0
So in Ge (Z = 32) in its ground state electronic configuration has 7 completely filled orbitals with m l = 0

11
 Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

22. Eu (Z = 63) = [54Xe] 4f7 6s2 34. Energies of the orbitals in the same subshell
Eu+2 (Z = 63) = [54Xe] 4f7 decrease with increase in the atomic number
(Zeff).
23. Zn+ = |Ar|18 3d10 4S1 For example, energy of 2s orbital of hydrogen atom is
For last e– : n  m s greater than that of 2s orbital of lithium and that
1 of lithium is greater than that of sodium and so
4 0 0  on, that is,E2s(H) >E2s (Li) > E2s(Na) > E2s(K).
2
Ans. 0 35. Energy depends on (n + ) so correct order  3d
24. 3+ = 3d5 4s0
26Fe > 4s > 3p > 3s
3+ = 3d6 4s0
27Co
24Cr
3+ = 3d3 4s0 36. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

25Mn 3+ = 3d4 4s0
x × Px 
M+3 = [18Ar] 3d5 4s0 4
M = [18Ar] 3d6 4s2 
 2a0 × mvx = (minimum)
so Z for M = 26 and M is Fe. 4
 1 1
25. The orbitals with similar values of n &  but with  vx = × ×
4 2a0 m
different value of m are degenerate.
6.63 × 10 –34
(Orbitals with same values of n +  are =
4 × 3.14 × 2 × 52.9 × 10 –12 × 9.1 × 10 – 31
degenerate orbitals) = 548273 ms–1 = 548.273 kms–1 = 548 kms–1
26. 4d orbital
37. Greater the value of (n + ) greater is energy.
Angular nodes =  = 2
Radial nodes = (n –  – 1) = 4 – 2 – 1 = 1 38. Cs+1 =
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6
27. According to Heisenberg uncertainty Total number of s-electrons = 10
Principle 39. px, py, pz, dx2 – y2 & d32 orbital (eg) are axial
b
x × P  orbitals
4 z
6.62  10−34
 10–7 × m.V =
4  3.14
6.62  10−34
2px
 10–7 × m × 2.4 × 10–24 =
4  3.14 (1) (2)
M = 0.2196 × 10–3 Kg = 21.96 × 10–5 kg x
Ans = 22
y
28. For possible set of quantum number.
n > , m = – to + (including zero).

29. Value of  for a given nth orbit is equal to 0, 1,

2,… (n - 1) (3) (4)
For  = 5 total number of orbital is (2 + 1) = 11

30. Total number of nodes are (n – 1).

31. Pt (Z = 78) = [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
32. 2S orbital has one radial node (n – l – 1 = 2 – 0 –
1 = 1). ( (r ) = 0) at one point.
2

33. The value of n & can not be equal. (5)

For any value of n, possible values of are 0 to n
–1.

27
 Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

40. Maximum no. of election in given shell is given 42. In multi electronic species energy is decided on
as 2n2, n = principal quantum no. or shell no. the basis of (n + l) rule. So increasing order of
Here, n = 4, then maximum no. of electron will be energy is
= 2  (4)2 = 32 e– 3d > 4s > 3p > 3s
41. At node 2s2 = 0 43. Number of radial node = (n--1)
2s = 0
orbital number of radial node = (n--1)
 r 
So, 2 −  =0 (i) 7s (7-0-1) = 6
 a0 
 (ii) 7p (7-1-1) = 5
r0 (iii) 8s (8-0-1) = 7
2– =0 (iv) 8d (8-2-1) = 5
a0
(v) 6s (6-0-1) = 5
r0
2–  r0 = 2a0
a0

44. p has 1 angular node & d has 2 angular node

P P P
1s 2s 2s

45. Orbital angular momentum for 3s orbital = 0

46.
4s 4p 4d 4f
Subshell
No. of electrons with +½ 1 3 5 7
47. Same energy orbitals are degenerate orbital
z2
In hydrogen atom 3p and 3d orbital have same energy because for H-atom En = – 13.6 × eV , energy
n2
depends on only n.

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