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D and F Block Elements Notes

The document provides detailed notes on D and F block elements in the periodic table, highlighting their positions, electronic configurations, and key characteristics. D-block elements (transition metals) exhibit variable oxidation states, colored ions, and catalytic properties, while F-block elements (inner transition metals) include lanthanides and actinides with distinct properties such as radioactivity and specific uses. The document also outlines trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, and density for both blocks.

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15 views2 pages

D and F Block Elements Notes

The document provides detailed notes on D and F block elements in the periodic table, highlighting their positions, electronic configurations, and key characteristics. D-block elements (transition metals) exhibit variable oxidation states, colored ions, and catalytic properties, while F-block elements (inner transition metals) include lanthanides and actinides with distinct properties such as radioactivity and specific uses. The document also outlines trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, and density for both blocks.

Uploaded by

rdx33441639
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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D and F Block Elements - Detailed Notes

D-Block Elements

D-BLOCK ELEMENTS (Transition Elements)

Position: Groups 3 to 12 in the periodic table.

General electronic configuration: (n-1)d1-10 ns0-2

Characteristics:

- Variable oxidation states (e.g., Fe2+, Fe3+)

- Colored ions (due to d-d transitions)

- Catalytic properties (e.g., Fe in Haber process)

- Magnetic properties (paramagnetic if unpaired electrons)

- Complex formation due to high charge/small size

- High melting/boiling points, good conductors

Trends:

- Atomic radius: decreases across a period

- Ionization energy: increases slightly across a period

- Density: high
D and F Block Elements - Detailed Notes

F-Block Elements

F-BLOCK ELEMENTS (Inner Transition Elements)

Position: Below the main periodic table.

Includes: Lanthanides (4f) and Actinides (5f)

General configuration: (n-2)f1-14 (n-1)d0-1 ns2

Lanthanides:

- Common oxidation state: +3

- Lanthanide contraction (decreasing radius)

- Colored ions, paramagnetism, limited complex formation

- Uses: polishing agents, magnets, alloys

Actinides:

- Variable oxidation states (+3 to +6)

- All radioactive, form complexes, show color and magnetism

- Uses: nuclear energy (U, Th, Pu)

Comparison with D-block:

- F-block fills f-orbitals; D-block fills d-orbitals

- F-block has more radioactive elements

- D-block forms more stable complexes

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