11

Computer
Systems
Servicing NC II
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
POST and BIOS
Computer Systems Servicing NC II – Grade 11
Quarter 1- Module 3: POST and BIOS

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin
Development Team of the Module

Writer: SHAILAC N. RODELAS

Editors: ANTHONY S. CAPISTRANO, TIII and JOVELYN A. FLORECE, TIII

Reviewers: DR. NIXON SA. OLFINDO, EPS/DARCY GUY Y. MAÑEBO, EPS

Illustrator: SHAILAC N. RODELAS

Layout Artist: SHAILAC N. RODELAS

Computer Systems Servicing NC II - Grade 11
Quarter 1- Module 3: POST and BIOS

I. Introduction
Every computer with a motherboard comprises a special chip referred to as BIOS or ROM
BIOS (Read Only Memory Basic Input/Output System). The BIOS includes instructions on how to
load basic computer hardware. The BIOS also includes a test referred to as POST (Power -On Self-
Test) which safeguards that the computer meets requirements to boot up correctly.

This module will give you an in-depth explanation of their functionalities inside a computer
system.

II. Objectives
Learning Competency: LO 1. Assemble Computer Hardware
• Identify the roles of POST during the startup process (TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-Ia-e-28)
• Determine the problems arising during the POST phase. (TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-Ia-e-28)
• Acquire the steps in entering the BIOS Setup Utility (TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-Ia-e-28)
• Navigate BIOS configuration using the Setup Utility Screen (TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-Ia-e-28)
• Embrace the importance of POST and BIOS in a computer system (TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-Ia-
e-28)
• Apply troubleshooting skills in dealing with BIOS settings (TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-Ia-e-28)

III.
Vocabulary List
For better understanding of the lesson , here is the list of words and their meanings. Read
and understand them carefully.

• Beep Code
sound signals released by a computer to communicate the condition of the computer system
• Basic Input Output System (BIOS)
program a personal computer's microprocessor uses to get the computer system started after
you turn it on.
• Basic Input Output System (BIOS) Setup Utility
setup utility that allows a user to change the BIOS settings of a computer.
• Boot
process of turning on the computer and initializing the system
• Boot Device Priority
BIOS settings allowing a user to select and change the order of the devices inside the computer
• Boot Sequence
primary set of instructions performed by computer as it starts booting

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 • Configuration
arrangement and settings of a computer system
• Confirmation Dialog Box
dialog box that prompts in the screen for the approval of an operation
• Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM)
a programmable read-only memory (PROM) chip that is capable of saving the data even when
the power is off.
• Firmware
computer software that allows a user to control specific settings of a hardware.
• Hotkey/s
a key or set of keys that does a pre- designed purpose in a computer.
• Light Emitting Diode LED
a semiconductor device that releases light once electric current has entered it.
• Operating System (OS)
Handles the hardware, software components and the entire services of a computer system.
• Parameters
a special kind of variable in programming language that is used to pass information between
functions or procedures
• Peripheral Devices
internal or external device directly connected to a computer.
• Power-On Self-Test (POST)
primary set of instructions executed to check the hardware issues of a computer.
• Startup
Also known as boot-up where a computer initializes its hardware and software resources.
• Troubleshooting
Applying different procedures to resolve computer issues
• Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)
a specification that replaced the legacy Basic Input/ Output System (BIOS) firmware interface
originally present in all IBM PC-compatible personal computers
Source: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3725/parameter-param
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface

IV.
Pre-Test
TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Read each sentence carefully. In a ¼ sheet of paper, write TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if otherwise. DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING IN THIS MODULE.

1. BIOS is a firmware that performs hardware initialization during the booting process or the power-on
startup of any computer operating system.

2. The POST or Power- On Self -Test is the last step in the boot sequence of a computer system and
does not perform a major function at any rate.

3. Windows logo key is categorized as hotkey during the startup process allowing a user to get through
the BIOS Setup Utility and configure its settings.

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4. The BIOS operates in lower Windows versions and relies only to a specific operating system.

5. If a computer system is having an internal hardware problem, error messages are expected to display
in the startup process.

V.
Learning Activities

Learning Activity 1. The K Challenge: A Self-Check ✓

In the previous modules, you have been given a prior scheme of how a computer works. What’s
more is that you are now knowledgeable about the various computer types and the existing operating
systems to run them. Furthermore, you were able to acquaint yourself with the peripheral devices used
for manipulating the computer system.

This time, you are about to jump to a new series of learning tasks. As you go on to the extensive
and wider scope of computer systems, you need to acquire the concepts of POST and BIOS. In order
to do so, let me take you to the first task.

Mechanics of the Activity:

You are provided with a table having two columns namely “YES, I KNOW!” and “WHAT I
WANT TO KNOW!”
In the left column, write the things you already know about Basic Input Output System
(BIOS) and Power On Self- Test (POST)
In the right column, write the things you want to know about BIOS and POST.
Copy the table in your data notebook and write your answers in each column.

YES, I K NOW!
WHAT I WANT TO K NOW!

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

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 Learning Activity 2. Think About It! : A Photo Reflection

The previous task allowed you to write the things you already know and those you want to
know about the concepts of BIOS and POST. This time, you will be given another task to assess how
far you understand BIOS and POST. In order to do so, let me take you to the second activity you need
to complete.

Mechanics of the Activity:

You are given four photos for this activity. These photos depict the BIOS and POST functions
of a computer system.
By looking at these photos, construct a meaning, description or functionalities that you may
directly associate to them.
Your answers may be written in a bulleted outline, tabular, phrasal or sentence form. Write as
many as you can provided that you are able to explain your thoughts very well.
You may write your answers in a separate sheet or in your data notebook.

Source : intrepid software. (n.d.). Normal PC Boot Process [Illustration]. Source : Learn Computer Science .BIOS. (2016, September 8). [Photograph].
Intrepid Software. https://intrepidsoftware.com/know-the-importance-of- Learn Computer Science. https://www.learncomputerscienceonline.com/bios/
following-proper-booting-sequence/

Source: Wikimedia Commons. (2018, May 11). File:POST2.png [Screenshot]. Source : Oracle and/or its affiliates. Intel and AMD-based BIOS Setup Utility
Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:POST2.png screen [Screenshot]. Oracle. https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19530-01/html/835-
0797/nh2ug.cehfbjhj.html

Learning Activity 3. WORD LINK: The Brainteaser Activity

The previous task gave you a chance to explore your own description of BIOS and POST using
pictures only. You were able to construct meaning and definition associated to those given pictures.

This time, you will be given another task highlighting terms which you may encounter in the
following pages. Now, let me take you to the third activity.

Mechanics of the Activity:

Below are three circles with jumbled letters inside. The jumbled letters refer to some essential
terminologies related to BIOS and POST.
Copy them in your data notebook including the boxes and lines below.

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 Arrange these letters to come up with the correct answer.
If you think you got the correct term, write it inside the small boxes provided.
Think of a single word synonymous to the term you found.
Write the synonym in the lines found below the small boxes.

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 |The Power - On Self -Test (POST)|
POST, short for Power On Self-Test, is the
initial set of diagnostic tests performed by the
computer right after it's powered on, with the intent
to check for any hardware related issues. When
power is turned on, POST (Power-On Self-Test) is
the diagnostic testing sequence that a computer's
basic input/output system runs to determine if the
computer keyboard, random access memory, disk
drives, and other hardware are working correctly.
(Fisher, 2020).
Figure 1. Power-on Self-Test
Source : LogosRated. (2016, August 26). Phoenix Software Logo [Screenshot].
LogosRated. https://logosrated.net/phoenix-software-logo/ Did You
 The Roles of POST in the Startup Process  Know?

Computers aren't the

✓ A Power On Self -Test is the first step of the boot sequence. It doesn't only devices that run
matter if you've just restarted your computer or if you've just powered a POST. Some
it on for the first time in days; the POST is going to run, regardless. appliances, medical
✓ POST doesn't rely on any specific operating system. In fact, there equipment, and other
doesn't even need to be an OS installed on a hard drive for the POST to devices also run very
run. This is because the test is handled by the system's BIOS, not any similar self-tests after
installed software. being powered. on.
✓ A Power On Self-Test checks that basic system devices are present and
working properly, like the keyboard and other peripheral devices,
and other hardware elements like the processor, storage devices,
and memory.
✓ The computer will continue to boot after the POST but only if it was
successful. Problems can certainly appear after the POST, like
Windows hanging during startup, but most of the time those can be
attributed to an operating system or software problem, not a hardware.
✓ If the POST finds something wrong during its test, you'll usually get an Source : LogosRated. (2016, August 26).
error of some kind, and hopefully, one clear enough to help Phoenix Software Logo [Photograph].
LogosRated.https://logosrated.net/phoen
jump-start the troubleshooting process (Fisher, 2020) ix-software-logo/

 Problems During the POST 

Errors might come in the form of flashing LEDs, audible beeps, or error messages on the monitor,
all of which are technically referred to as POST codes, beep codes, and on-screen POST error messages,
respectively (Fisher, 2020).

✓If some part of the POST fails, you'll know very soon after Points to Remember ✓
powering on your computer, but how you find out depends The Power On Self -Test is just
on the type and severity, of the problem (Fisher, 2020). that: a self-test. Just about
anything that might prevent
✓If the problem lies with the video card, and therefore you the computer from continuing to
start will prompt some kind of
can't see anything on the monitor, then looking for an error
3 error (Fisher, 2020).
message wouldn't be as helpful as listening for a beep code or
reading a POST code with a POST test card (Fisher, 2020).

Source: https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-post-2625953
6|Page
 ✓In MacOS computers, POST errors often appear as an icon or another graphic instead of an
actual error message. For example, a broken folder icon after starting up your Mac may mean
that the computer can't find a suitable hard drive (Fisher, 2020).

Take If your computer has an irregular POST or a beep code not mentioned above, use the following
Note POST TROUBLESHOOTING STEPS to determine the failing hardware component.

1. Remove New Hardware 6. Check all Fans

2. Remove Any Disks or USB Device 7. Check all Cables

3. Disconnect External Devices 8. Disconnect all Expansion Cards

4. Reconnect and Check Power Cords 9. Disconnect all Drives

5. Identify Beep Code 10. Remove the RAM

Source: https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-post-2625953

Common Beep Codes and Their Meanings

Table 1: IBM Beep Codes

Beeps Meaning
1 short beep Normal POST - system is ok
2 short beeps POST Error - error code shown on screen
No beep Power supply or system board problem
Continuous beep Power supply, system board, or keyboard problem
Repeating short beeps Power supply or system board problem
1 long, 1 short beep System board problem
1 long, 2 short beeps Display adapter problem (MDA, CGA)
1 long, 3 short beeps Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA)
3 long beeps 3270 keyboard Card

Table 2: AMI Beep Codes

Beeps Meaning
Short Beep Normal POST - system is ok
2/3/4 short beeps Memory Problem
5 short beeps System board problem
6 short beeps System board or keyboard problem
7 Short beeps CPU or BIOS problem, Cache memory chips on motherboard problem
1 long, 3 short beeps Memory Chips
1 long, 8 short beeps Video card problem
Source: http://www.pchell.com/hardware/beepcodes.shtml

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 Table 3: Award Beep Codes
Beeps Meaning
1 long, 2 short Video adapter error: Bad or improperly seated video card
Repeating beeps Memory error: Bad or improperly seated RAM
1 long, 3 short Bad video RAM or video card not present
High-frequency beeps Overheated CPU: Check fans
Repeating high/low beeps CPU: Improperly seated or defective CPU

Table 4: Phoenix Beep Codes

Beeps Meaning
1-1-1-1 Unconfirmed beep code. Reseat RAM chips or replace RAM chips
as possible solution.
1-1-1-3 Verify real mode.
1-1-2-1 Get CPU type
1-1-2-3 Initialize system hardware.
1-1-3-1 Initialize chipset registers with initial POST values.
Source: https://kb.iu.edu/d/afzy
https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000607.htm
http://www.pchell.com/hardware/beepcodes.shtml

|The Basic Input Output System (BIOS)|

Did You
BIOS is pronounced as by-oss and is sometimes referred to as the System BIOS,
Know? ROM BIOS, or PC BIOS. However, it's also incorrectly referred to as the Basic
Integrated Operating System or Built-In Operating System (Fisher, 2020)

BIOS, which stands for Basic Input Output System,

is a small piece of code programmed on an erasable,
programmable, read-only memory (EPROM) chip
on the motherboard. It's BIOS that's responsible
for the POST and therefore makes it the very first
software to run when a computer is started. The
BIOS firmware is non-volatile, meaning that its
settings are saved and recoverable even after power
has been removed from the device (Fisher, 2020).
Figure 2. The BIOS Chip
Source : Getty Images. (n.d.). Bios Chip [Photograph]. Getty Images.
https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/bioschip?mediatype=photograph
y&phrase=BIOS%20chip&sort=mostpopular

BIOS is accessed and configured through the BIOS Setup Utility. The BIOS Setup Utility is,
for all practical purposes, the BIOS itself. All available options in BIOS are configurable through the
BIOS Setup Utility. Unlike an operating system like Windows, which is often downloaded or obtained
on a disc and needs to be installed by the user or manufacturer, BIOS comes installed from the moment
the machine is manufactured (Fisher, 2020).
Source: https://www.lifewire.com/bios-basic-input-output-system-2625820
8|Page
Entering the BIOS Setup Utility
Before configuring the BIOS, check what version is currently running on your computer. BIOS
Setup Utility is accessed in various ways depending on your computer or motherboard make and model.
The required or Hot Keys could be F1, F2, Delete or Esc. Some systems also require holding down the
Fn key while tapping the F1 and F2 keys. You may refer to your hardware documentation or do a
simple google search (Lenovo Support, 2016).

 Let’s take the Steps 

It was stated by Lenovo Support in their Youtube Video Tutorial that if the computer boots
too quickly, the operating system can enter BIOS using the method written below.

For Windows 7

1. Turn off your computer. You can only open the BIOS right before you see the Microsoft
Windows 7 logo when starting your computer.
2. Turn on your computer. Press the BIOS key combination to open the BIOS on the
computer. Common keys to open the BIOS are F2, F12, Delete, or Esc. Many computers
will display the key you need to press to open the BIOS before loading the Windows 7
operating system.

For Windows 8

1. Open the charms bar in the upper right corner of the screen with a mouse cursor or you
can press the Windows Key and the C key.
2. Click on Settings then select Change PC settings from the Menu.
3. Click Update and Recovery then select Recovery.
4. Choose Restart now on the Advanced Startup Settings.
5. Select Troubleshoot then go to Advanced Options
6. Choose UEFI Firmware Settings and press Restart.

For Windows 10

1. Open the Start Menu then click on Settings.

2. Click on Update and Security then select Recovery.
3. Choose Restart now on the Advanced Startup Settings
4. Select Troubleshoot then go to Advanced Options
5. Choose UEFI Firmware Settings and press Restart.
Source https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKKvOS6NE1k
Nowadays, BIOS has All modern computer motherboards contain BIOS software. BIOS
slowly been being replaced access and configuration on PC systems is independent of any operating
by UEFI (Unified Extensible
Firmware Interface) in newer
system because the BIOS is part of the motherboard hardware. It doesn't
computers, which offers matter if a computer is running Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows
benefits like a better user 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Linux, Unix, or no operating system
interface and a built-in, pre- at all—BIOS functions outside of the operating system environment and
OS platform for accessing
is no way dependent upon it (Fisher, 2020).
the web (Fisher, 2020)
The following are some of the popular BIOS vendors:
|Phoenix Technologies | IBM | Dell | Gateway | BYOSOFT |American Megatrends (AMI) | Insyde
Software |
Source:https://www.lifewire.com/bios-basic-input-output-system-2625820

9|Page
Configuring the BIOS
 Setup Utility Menu Screens 

BIOS supports several hardware configurations that can be changed through the setup utility.
Saving these changes and restarting the computer applies the changes to the BIOS and alters the way
BIOS instructs the hardware to function. Below is a sample Phoenix BIOS Setup Utility Menu
Screen (Fisher, 2020).
Figure 3: BIOS Setup Utility - Main Screen Figure 4: BIOS Setup Utility – Advanced Screen

Figure 5: BIOS Setup Utility - Security Screen Figure 6: BIOS Setup Utility - Boot Screen

Figure 7: BIOS Setup Utility - Exit Screen

Top Level Screen Item Specific

Help

Configuration

Keyboard
Functions

Image Source: MDTechVideos. (2016c, March 12). How To Change Boot Order In Computer BIOS [For Beginners] [Screenshot].
Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GblKZO-smU

Take BIOS Setup Utility may differ and it is not recommended for inexperienced users to change the BIOS
Settings except for reasonable cause. All settings are set to its best default settings.
Note

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GblKZO-smU

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  Navigating the Screens 

✓ Use the left and right arrow keys to select the different menu options.
✓ As you select each menu option, the top-level screen for that menu option appears.
✓ To select an option on a top-level screen, use the up and down arrow keys to scroll up and
down the options presented.
a. Only options that can be modified are highlighted when you press the up and down
arrow keys.
b. If a field can be modified, as you select the option, user instructions for modifying
the option appear in the right column of the screen.
c. If a field is a link to a sub-screen, instructions to press the Enter key to access the
sub screen appear in the right column.
✓ Modify the setup field and press the Esc key to save the changes and exit the screen.
Some screens present a confirmation dialog box that enables unwanted changes to be retracted.
✓ On sub-screens that only provide configuration information and cannot be modified, press the
Esc key to exit the screen.
✓ To continue modifying other setup parameters, repeat 3rd through 6th. Otherwise, go to 8th.
✓ Press and release the right arrow key until the Exit menu screen appears.
✓ Follow the instructions on the Exit menu screen to save or discard your changes and exit the
BIOS Setup utility. (Oracle, 2010)

Table 5: BIOS Setup Screen Overview

Screen Description See this section

(Press Ctrl + Mouse
Left Click)
Main Provides general product information, including BIOS, BIOS Main Menu Screen
processor, system memory, and system time/date.
Advanced Configuration information for the CPU, memory, IDE, BIOS Advanced Menu
Super IO, trusted computing, USB, PCI, MPS and other Screens
information.
Security Set or change the user and supervisor passwords. BIOS Security Menu
Screens
Boot Configure the boot device priority (storage drives and the BIOS Setup Utility: Boot
DVD-ROM drive) Settings
Exit Save changes and exit, discard changes and exit, discard BIOS Exit Menu Screens
changes, or load optimal or fail-safe default s.
Source: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19477-01/820-5830-13/app_bios.html
https://www.lifewire.com/bios-basic-input-output-system-2625820

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 VI. Practice Tasks
Let’s check your learning ✓
Practice Task 1: Write it Down, Share What You’ve Learned!

Task Mechanics:
Using 3 to 5 sentences, write a paragraph depicting your learning on this lesson.
Precisely, your essay should contain the following ideas:

✓ Functionality of BIOS and POST inside a computer system.

✓ BIOS Configuration using the Setup Utility

Write your answer in a clean sheet of paper or in your data notebook.

If you have access to the internet, post this to your Facebook social media account with
hashtags. #BIOS and #POST. Do not forget to tag your classmates for them to learn
from you. If you do not have access to the internet. Disregard this last instruction. Just
write or paste your output your data notebook.
Please be guided by the rubrics provided below.

How to Utilize the Scoring Rubrics?

The content of your output will be evaluated using the Scoring Rubrics provided below. The
first component is Organization and Content while the second one is Grammar, Usage and Mechanics.
The score for each component ranges from 5 (highest) to 1(lowest). he scores for both components
will be added to determine your final score.

Example: Organization and Content 5

Grammar, Usage and Mechanics 5
Total Points 10

Scoring Rubrics
Components 5 4 3 2 1
Organization Essay is well- Essay is Essay is Essay needs Essay does
and Content organized and organized and slightly to improve in not appear to
shows a shows a organized and terms of have a good
thorough and comprehensive shows a basic organization. organization
thoughtful understanding understanding Shows a at all. Shows
understanding of the lesson. of the lesson limited a little
of the lesson. understanding understanding
of the lesson of the lesson
Grammar, Essay does Essay has at Essay has at Essay has Essay has
Usage and not contain least 2 least 3 poor spelling, serious
Mechanics any spelling, spelling and spelling, punctuation spelling,
punctuation punctuation punctuation and punctuations
and errors with and grammatical and
grammatical minor grammatical errors grammatical
errors. grammatical errors errors
errors

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 Practice Task 2: How Creative Are You?

Task Mechanics:
Using the content of the paragraph you wrote in the 1st Practice Task, create a poem, a song
or an illustration expressing how you feel towards the role of BIOS or POST in a system.
If it’s a poem, write at least 1-2 stanza/s. If it’s a song, you can adopt the melody of your
song choice. If it’s an illustration, associate it well to the topics.
Write/Draw them in a clean short bond paper with your name on top.
Please be guided by the rubrics provided below.

How to Utilize the Scoring Rubrics?

The content of your output will be evaluated using the Scoring Rubrics provided below. The
first component is Originality and Creativity while the second one is Content and Quality. The score
for each component ranges from 5 (highest) to 1(lowest). The scores for both components will
be added to determine your final score.

Example: Originality and Creativity 5

Content and Quality 5
Total Points 10
Scoring Rubrics
Components 5 4 3 2 1
Originality Output shows Output shows Output shows Output is a Output
and considerable some an attempt of revision of shows no
Creativity originality and originality originality and other originality
inventiveness. and inventiveness. people’s at all.
It is presented inventiveness. It is presented ideas and
in unique and It is presented in fairly shows very
interesting in an interesting little attempt
way. interesting way. to make an
way. original
thought.
Content and Output was Output was Output was Output Output
Quality done in an done in an done in expresses a shows
extraordinary interesting somewhat little style vague
approach and approach and interesting and expression
style. It is well- style. style. expression. and poor
thought and style.
meaningful.

Practice Task 3: Let’s Test Your Skills!

Assuming that you are a technician working at a PC repair bench and. . . .

Scenario A: you need to see the general information of the computer you are working with

Scenario B: you need to change and configure the password previously set in the BIOS

Scenario C: you did some modifications in the BIOS of the computer and decided to disregard or
discard all of the changes you did.

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 Task Mechanics:
Study the three scenarios given above. Scenario A, B and C
Review the BIOS Setup Utility Screen from Figure 3 to Figure 7 and the BIOS Setup Screen
Overview Table shown earlier in this module.
Read the questions below. Write your answers in your data notebook.

Guide Questions:

1. Which menu screen is most applicable to each situation? Justify your answers.
2. As a CSS student, why is it necessary to give importance to these concepts?
3. Evaluate yourself. What impacts have this lesson brought you?

VII. Post- Test

A. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Read each sentence carefully. In a ¼ sheet of paper, write TRUE if the statement is correct.
If it is false, replace the underlined word or group of words with the correct answer. DO NOT WRITE
ANYTHING IN THIS MODULE.

1. When power is turned on, POST runs to determine if the computer keyboard, random access memory,
disk drives, and other hardware are working correctly.

2. In an IBM and AMI BIOS, 1 long and 3 short beeps indicates that the computer system is in good
condition.

3. The BIOS Security Screen allows a user to configure the boot device priority and the boot sequence.

4. BIOS supports several hardware configurations that can be manipulated or altered through the BIOS
Setup Utility.

5. The keyboard functions allow a user to change values or select different menu options in the BIOS
setup Utility.

B. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read each sentence carefully. Select the correct answer from the given choices and write
it in a ¼ sheet of paper. DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING IN THIS MODULE.

1.What does the term POST stand for?

A. Basic Input Operating System C. Booting Input Operating System
B. Basic Input Output System D. Booting Input Output System

2.Which of the following is performed by BIOS during start-up?

A. Load instructions to RAM C. Run power-on-self-test
B. Run memory byte count D. Test for parity errors

3.Technician A is checking the BIOS settings and notices that his computer can do a startup by means
of the following devices:

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 TOSHIBA HDD
Network Interface Card (NIC)
USB Flash Drive

What term would we use to label the list stated above?

A. BIOS Advanced Settings C. BIOS Security Settings
B. BIOS Boot Order/Sequence D. BIOS System Structure

4.Which of the following description/s is/are correct about POST?

I. It displays errors in the startup if something went wrong with the system.
II. It relies on one specific operating system only.
III. It is the first step of the boot sequence
IV. It is going to run regardless the computer is turned on or restarted.

A. I only B. I and II C. I, III, IV D. I and IV

5. If a user wants to see the general product information, including BIOS, processor, system memory,
and system time/date, which of the following screen should be checked?
A. Boot Screen C. Main Screen
B. Exit Screen D. Security Screen

VIII. Assignment/Additional Activities

Directions: Study the given scenario. Write the step by step procedure on how are you going to
troubleshoot the problem.

A. Scenario: You are using a computer with running Windows 7 operating system and a
Phoenix BIOS. As you opened it, you noticed a wrong date and time configuration. How
are you going to change the Date/Time system settings of your computer using the BIOS
setup Utility?

Note: You may write your answers in a paragraph, bulleted or numbered format.
Please be guided by the rubrics provided below.

How to Utilize the Scoring Rubrics?

The content of your output will be evaluated using the Scoring Rubrics provided below. The
first component is Correctness and Completeness while the second one is Familiarity. The score
for each component ranges from 5 (highest) to 1(lowest). The scores for both components will be
added to determine your final score.

Example: Correctness and Completeness 5

Familiarity 5
Total Points 10

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 Scoring Rubrics

Components 5 4 3 2 1
Correctness and Able to provide Able to Able to Able to Able to
Completeness the steps provide all provide provide 2 to provide at
completely in the steps some of the 3 correct least 1
an accurate with a steps with a steps with correct step
sequence. slight slight poor only.
inaccuracy inaccuracy accuracy of
in the in the the
sequence. sequence. sequence.
Able to Able to Able to Able to Able to
Familiarity recognize the recognize somewhat somewhat recognize
steps. Gave a the steps. recognize recognize and discuss
comprehensive Gave a the steps. the steps but at least 1
and full flow of satisfactory Gave a with poor step of the
the procedure. flow of the tolerable flow of the procedure.
procedure. flow of the procedure.
procedure.

B. Answer the following questions and write them in your data notebook. You can surf the
internet, borrow notes, browse old notes from previous CSS students and other means.

Guide Questions:
1. What is a CMOS and Motherboard?
2. How do they function inside a computer system?

IX.
Answer Key
.
IV. Pre -Test
TRUE or FALSE
1.TRUE
2.FALSE
3.FALSE
4.TRUE
5.TRUE
V. Learning Activities
Learning Activity 1: The K Challenge: A Self Check
Probable Answers:

Yes, I Know! What I Want To Know

1. Yes, I know that the BIOS has something to 1. I want to know if the Basic Input Output
do with the entire settings of the computer. System (BIOS) is capable of detecting a hard

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 disk if the data cable is damaged or the
connection is incorrect.
2. Yes, I know that the POST checks the 2. I want to know if the Power - On Self-Test is
hardware initialization during the startup capable of detecting a hard disk if the data cable
is damaged or the connection is incorrect.

Learning Activity 2: Think About It : A Photo Reflection

Probable Answers:

• It refers to the booting process of the computer

• It is the component responsible for the initialization of all computer components and update.
• It allows user to Manually manipulate the settings of comp.

Learning Activity 3: WORD LINK: The Brainteaser Activity

Probable Answers:

1. Startup - initialization, beginning

2. Beep codes - sound codes, alert codes
3. Configuration - Settings, order, organization

VI. Practice Tasks

Practice Task 1: Write it Down, Share What You’ve Learned!
Probable Answer:

The POST (Power-On Self-Test) is the diagnostic testing sequence that a computer's basic
input/output system (or "starting program") runs to determine if the computer keyboard, random access
memory, disk drives, and other hardware are working correctly. On the other hand, the Basic Input is
responsible for the POST and therefore makes it the very first software to run when a computer is
started. All available options in BIOS are configurable through the BIOS Setup Utility where different
Menu are available for the configuration of the computer.

Practice Task 2: How Creative Are You?

Sample Output for a Poem

Here comes the POST, initializing during startup

Doing diagnostic tests, checking hardware and other setups
BIOS of course is responsible for the POST to run
Through the BIOS Setup Utility, you can configure with fun

Practice Task 3: Test Your Skills!

Probable Answers:
1. For Scenario A, the most applicable to use is the Main Menu Screen since it provides all the
information of the BIOS settings of the model. For Scenario B, the most applicable to use is the Security
Screen since it allows the user to manipulate security settings of the BIOS. Lastly, for Scenario C, the

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most applicable to use is the Exit Screen since it allows a user to save or discard changes made in the
system.

2. As a CSS student, it is necessary to give importance to these concepts because to be able to

understand the wider and complex functions of a whole computer system, fundamentals are very
important. The BIOS and POST may be the basic concepts but undeniably contributes to the entirety of
the computer system.

As a CSS student, it is necessary to give importance to these concepts because I or we may

encounter computer difficulties associated to these concepts. If these troubles arise, at least I have the
prior idea on how to work on it.

As a CSS student, it is necessary to give importance to these concepts because computer

systems are wide-ranging, therefore I have to equip myself even with the basics. Aside from that, I can
also offer help to people whom are struggling with computer settings.

3. Probable Answers:
I realized that the BIOS and POST are not just concepts to be overlooked or unnoticed because
they perform major roles in a computer system. BIOS and POST made me think of how great yet
complicated a computer system is. No worries at all, it’s fun to learn these concepts along the way.

VII. Post -Test

A. Modified TRUE or FALSE
1. TRUE
2. 1 short
3. boot
4. TRUE
5. TRUE

B. Multiple Choice
1. A.
2. C.
3. B.
4. C.
5. C.

VII. Assignment/Additional Activities

Probable Answers:

A. My objective is to change the Date and Time Settings of a computer using the BIOS Setup
Utility. The first step to be done is to restart the computer (not only for me to check the BIOS key which
displays before loading the Operating System but also for me to use it in accessing the BIOS Setup
Utility Screen. It could be F1, F2, F12, Delete or Esc key that is obtainable and applicable to the system.
Afterwards, the BIOS Setup Utility will appear showing various Menu. I will tap the “MAIN” Menu.

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Using the keyboard functions, I will select the System Time and System Date and adjust the settings.
Lastly, I will press the “EXIT” Menu and select the “Save Changes” option.

B.

1.CMOS is small amount of memory on a computer motherboard that stores the BIOS settings while a
Motherboard is a printed circuit board containing the principal components of a computer or other
device, with connectors into which other circuit boards can be slotted.

2.The function of a CMOS is to handle and store the BIOS configuration while a motherboard serves
to connect all of the parts of a computer together. The CPU, memory, hard drives, and other ports and
expansion cards all connect to the motherboard directly or via cables.

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References :

Techopedia. (2014, June 19). Parameter (param). Techopedia.Com. Retrieved from:

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3725/parameter-param

Wikipedia contributors. (2020, July 12). Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. Wikipedia.
Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface

LenovoSupport. (2016, December 22). How To - Enter The BIOS Setup Utility In Windows 8 And
Windows 10. YouTube. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKKvOS6NE1k

Hoffman,C. (2018, October 12). What Does a PC’s BIOS Do, and When Should I Use It? How-To
Geek. Retrieved from: https://www.howtogeek.com/179789/htg-explains-what-is-bios-and-
when-should-i-use-it/

Fisher,T. (2020a, February 26). BIOS: Everything You Need to Know. Lifewire. Retrieved from:
https://www.lifewire.com/bios-basic-input-output-system-2625820

Rouse, M. (2014, August 22). BIOS (basic input/output system). WhatIs.Com.

Retrieved from: https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/BIOS-basic-input-output-system

Computer Hope. (2020, March 6). What is BIOS? Computer Hope Free Computer Help since 1998.
Retrieved from: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/b/bios.htm

Crider, M. (2017, December 11). How to Build Your Own Computer, Part One: Choosing Hardware.
How-To Geek. Retrieved from: https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/the-geek-blog/building-
a-new-computer-part-1-choosing-hardware/

Contributors to Wikimedia projects. (2020, June 13). How To Assemble A Desktop PC/Choosing the
parts. Wikibooks, Open Books for an Open World. Retrieved from:
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/How_To_Assemble_A_Desktop_PC/Choosing_the_parts

Oracle and/or its affiliates. (2010, December 1). Configuring BIOS Settings. Oracle.
Retrieved from:https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19477-01/820-5830-13/app_bios.html

D., S. (n.d.). How to open the BIOS in Windows 7. Itstillworks. Retrieved July 12, 2020, from Retrieved
from https://itstillworks.com/open-bios-windows-7-6521285.html

Crider, M. (2017b, December 11). How to Build Your Own Computer, Part One: Choosing Hardware.
How-To Geek. Retrieved from https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/the-geek-blog/building-
a-new-computer-part-1-choosing-hardware/

Fisher, T. (2020b, January 17). Everything You Need to Know About the PC POST Process. Lifewire.
Retrieved from https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-post-2625953

S. (2019b, April 10). POST or Power On Self Test. Tutorial. Retrieved from
https://www.vskills.in/certification/tutorial/it-support/post-or-power-on-self-test/

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Oracle. (2010, December 1). Configuring BIOS Settings. Oracle and/or Its Affiliates. Retrieved from
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19477-01/820-5830-13/app_bios.html

Indiana University. (n.d.). Indiana University Knowledge Base. The Trustees of Indiana University.
Retrieved from https://kb.iu.edu/d/afzy+

PC Hell: BIOS Error Beep Codes. (n.d.-b). PCHELL.Com. Retrieved from

http://www.pchell.com/hardware/beepcodes.shtml

MDTechVideos. (2016b, March 12). How To Change Boot Order In Computer BIOS [For Beginners].
Retrieved from YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GblKZO-smU

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