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2. Graphical methods

1. x2 + 4x + y2 = 5
x2 + 4x + ( ½ x 4)2 + y2 = 5 + (½ x 4)2

(x + 2)2 + (y + 0)2 = 5 + 4

(x + 2)2 + (y + 0)2 = 9
Centre (-2,0)

Radius 9
r = 3 units

2. x2 + 6x + (3)2 + y2 – 10y + (-5) = 2 + 9 + 25

Completing of sq. for expression in x and y.
2 2
(x + 3) + (y – 5) = 36 √ Expression.
(x – -3)2 + (y - +5)2 = 62 √Centre
∴ centre (-3, 5) √Radius
Radius 6 units

3. CBE = 400 ( alt.segiment theoren)

BCE = 1200 (Suppl. To BCD = 600alt. seg.)
(40 + 120 + E) = 1800 (Angle sum of  )
 BEC = 200

4. X2 +Y2 – 10Y + 25 = 25 – 16
(X -0)2 + (Y – 5)2 = 9
(X – 0)2 + (Y – 5)2 = 32
Centre (0, 5)
Radius = 3

5.
x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
x3 -125 -64 -27 -8 -1 0 1
6x2 150 96 54 24 6 0 6
8x -40 -32 -24 -16 -8 0 8
y -15 0 3 0 -3 0 15
3 2
x + 6x + 8x >1
Between
(i) x = -3.85 0.1 and x -2.15 0.1
(ii) x > 0.5 0.1

6. y = x3 – 3x + 2
x = 0, y = 2
(0, 2) ⇒ y – intercept.

dy = 3x2 – 3 = 0
dx x2 = 1
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x=∓1

x=1 y =0
Point (1, 0) min point
x = -1, y= 4

Point (-1, 4) max point.

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7. 4x2 – 12x + 4y2 + 12y = 7

x2 – 3x + y2 + 3y = 7/4
x2 – 3x + (3/2)2 + y2 + 3y + (3/2)2 = 7/4 + 9/4 + 9/4 = 25/4
(x – 3/2)2 + (y + 3/2)2 = 25/4
Centre (1,5, -1.5) Radius 2.5units

8. Log R =nlog p + log K

Log P 0.48 0.54 0.60 0.65 0.70

Log R 1.56 1.69 1.81 1.91 2.00
Gradient = 2 – 0.6
0.7
= 1.4 = 2
0.7
Log R intercepts = 0.6 = logk
K= 4
The law connecting R and P is R=4P2
900 = 4P2
P2 = 900
4
225 = P2
9. (x +2)2 (y-3)2 = 32
X2 + 4x + 4 + y2 – 6y + 9 = 32
X2 + y2 + 4x – 6y + 4 = 0
10.

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V 0 2 4 6 8 10
1 2.04 3.33 4.17 5 6.25 7.30
T
T= a
b+V
I =b+V
T a
I = 1V + b
T a a
y = mx + C

b) (i) 1 = Grad ⇒ ∆y = 7.3 – 5 = 2.3 = 0.575

a ∆x 10 – 6 4

a = 1.739

b = y – Intercept ⇒2.04
a
b = 2.04 b = 2.04 x 1.739
1.739 = 3.547556
b ≃ 3.548

(ii) T = 0.38
I = 2.63 shown on graph
T
V=1
-1
(iii) I = 4.45
T
T = (4.45)
= 0.2247
≃0.22

11. y = 2x3 + x2 + 3x -1
dy = 6x2 + 2x + 3
dx
gradeindent at (1, -5)
= 6 + 2 + 3= 11
y-(-5) = 11
x -1
y + 5 =11x -11
y = 11x -16

12. 35 = 3-4 x 3-x

35 = 3-4-x
-4 –x = 5
-x = 9

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x =-9
13. x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 – 4y + 4 = 4 + 1 + 1
(x+1)2 + (y-2)2 = 9
Centre (-1, 2)
Radius 3units

14. c)
X -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
-6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6
X -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
4x2 64 36 16 4 0 4 16
X3 -64 -27 -8 -1 0 1 8
Y=-6+x+4x2+x2 -10 0 0 -4 -6 0 20

y = x3 + 4x2 + x -6
0 = x3 + 4x2 + x -4
y = -2

(iii) y = x3 + 4x2 + x - 6
0 = x + 4x2 + 0 – 2
3

y= x–4

x 1 0 -2
y -3 -4 -8
-y=-6 + 4x2 +x3

-y=x-4

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c (i) solution 0.8

-1.5
And -3.2
(c) 1, -2, -3

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15.
35

30

25
(5.5, 35)
20

15
(4, 25) (5.5, 25)
Perimeter p(cm)

10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Length l(cm)
(i) P = 15.75cm
(ii) l=1.5cm
(iii) m = 35- 25 = 10 = 6.667
5.5 – 4.0 1.5

(c) choose P(5,31.4)

p - 31.4 = 10
l -5 1.5
p-31.4 = 100
l-5 1.5
15p – 471 = 100k – 500
15p = 100l – 29
15 15
2k = 100
15
k= 100 = 3.33
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2 x 15
c =1.93
P + 0.6 = arh
Log (P + 0.6) = log a + n log R
= n log R + log 9
P + 0.6 1.33 2.65 3.85 8.04 11.22
Log (P + -0.13 0.42 0.59 0.91 1.05
0.6)
Log R -0.05 0.05 0.12 0.25 0.30

Log 0.3 = ¼ = 0.25

Log a = 0.3

17. x2 + y2 – 6x = 3 – 4y
x – 6x + (-6/2)2 + y2 + 4y + (4/2)2 = 3 + (-6/2)2 + (4/2)2
2

(x – 3)2 (y + 2)2 = 3 + 9 = 4
(x – 3)2 (y + 2)2 = 16
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C (3, -2)

Gradient ∆y = 7 - -2 =3
∆x 6–3

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18.
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-x3 27 8 1 0 -1 -8 -27 -64
2x2 18 8 2 0 2 8 18 32
-4x 12 8 4 0 -4 -8 -12 -16
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
y 59 26 9 2 -1 -6 -19 -46

b) Check on the graph paper.

c) x = 0.5 + 0.1
d) –x3 + 2x2 – 5x + 3 = 0
Line to allow: y = x – 1

x 0 1
y -1 0

x = 0.65
Dy
19. /dx = 12x2 – 12
12x2 – 12 = 0
12(x2 – 1) =0
x=1
x = -1

At x = 1 At x = -1
0 1 2 -2 -1 0
GRD = 12 0 36 36 0 -12
- 0 + + 0 -

(1,7) (-1, 9)
Minimum maximum
20. (a) table
(b) plotting
scale
smooth curve
(c) (i) -0.5 < x < 1 and x>1
(iii) x = 2.5  0.1

21. 2x2 + 2y2 – 6x + 10y + 9 = 0

x2 + y2 – 3x + 5y + 9/2 = 0
x2 + y2 – 3x + 5y = -9/2
x2 – 3x + 9 + y2 + 5y + 25 = 8.5 – 4.5
4 4
(x – 3)2 + (y + 5)2 = 4
2 2
Radius = 2 units
Centre = (1.5, -2.5)

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