QUANTITATIVE ABILITY HANDOUT

(Functions and Graphs)

Directions for questions 1 to 20: Solve the following questions.

1. A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Which of the following are

functions from A to A? 11. If f(x) = min (5 – 2x, 4x + 11), find the maximum
(i) f1 = {(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (6, 1)} value of f(x).
(ii) f2 = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)} 12. If 2f(x) + 5f = 10x + , find f(2).
(iii) f3 = {(1, 1), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6),
(5, 4), (6, 6)}
(iv) f4 = {(1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6)} 13. If f(x) + f 1 – x = 8,find the value of f +
2. If n(A) = 7 and n(B) = 5, find the number of functions f + ⋯+ f .
from A to B.

3. Find the domain and the range of the function 14. Find the domain of the function
{(1, a), (2, b), (3, c), (4, d), (5, e), (6, e)}. f(x) = log(6x + 7) + √x − 25.
4. (i) If n(A) = 5 and n(B) = 8, find the number of
one-one functions that can be defined from A to 15. Find the range of the function f(x) = where
B.
x  R.
(ii) If n(A) = 7 and n(B) = 4, find the number of
one-one functions that can be defined from A to 16. Draw the graphs of the following.
B.
I. (a) y = x2 − 3x – 4
5. (i) If n(A) = 6 and n(B) = 2, find the number of onto (b) y = x3
functions that can be defined from A to B.
(ii) If n(A) = 7 and n(B) = 3, find the number of onto II. (a) y = x
functions that can be defined from A to B.
(iii) If n(A) = 9 and n(B) = 12, find the number of (b) y = – x
onto
functions that can be defined from A to B. III. (a) y = x  6

6. If n(A) = 8 and n(B) = 8, find the number of one-one (b) y = x  5

functions, onto functions, bijective functions defined
from A to B. IV. (a) y = x + 5
7. Which of the following functions are one-one, onto (b) y = x – 6
and bijective?
(i) f(x) = 6x + 7 f : R → R 17. (i) Draw the graph of f(x) = [x], where [x]
represents the greatest integer less than or equal
(ii) f(x) = 3x2 f : R → R
to x.
(iii) f(x) = , when x is odd f : Z→ Z.
x
(ii) Draw the graph of f(x) = for x  0.
= − 1 when x is even x

(iii) Draw the graph of y = x, where x represents

8. Find the inverses of the following functions.
the least integer greater than or equal to x.
(i) 7x + 12 (ii)
18. (i) Draw the graph of f(x) = ex.

9. If f(x) = , find f–1(6). (ii) Draw the graph of f(x) = logx, x  R+.

10. If f(x) = 4x + 13 and g(x) = x2 + 7, find fog (3) and (iii) Draw the graph of y = log (−x) for x < 0.
gof (3).
19. Draw the graph of IxI + IyI ≤ 3. 20. Find the area of the region bounded by x2 + y2 ≥ 9
and |x| + |y| ≤ 12.
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE

Directions for questions 1 to 10: Solve the following questions.

1. (i) If f(x) = x2 – 7x + 12 and g(x) = 3x2 – 13x + 12, 8. Find the area of the region bounded by f(x) = |x + 2|,
g(x) = |x + 4| and the x-axis.
find the domain of (x).
1 1
(ii) If f(x) = 5x + 16x + 44 and g(x) = x2 + 8x – 44,
2
9. Draw the graphs of f(x) = , g(x) = – and
x x
find the domain of the function (x). h(x) =
1
.
x
2. If f(x) = , find f–1(4).
10. The graph of f(x – 6) is shown below. Draw the
graph of f(6 – x).
3. If f(x) = , find fofofofofof(x).
Y
4. If f(x) = 7x + 8 and g(x) = 5x – 9, find fg(–4) and f(x  6)
(f(0))3 + (g(0))3.

5. If f(x) = min (14x, – x2 + 32), find the maximum value

of f(x). X
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
6. If f(1) + f(2) + f(3) + …. + f(n) = n f(n) for n > 1, and
2

f(1) = 250, find f(15).

7. Find the area of the region bounded by |x – 5| +

|y – 8| = 12.
 QUANTITATIVE ABILITY TEST Time: 30 min.
(Functions and Graphs)
Directions for questions 1 to 25:For the Multiple Choice Questions, select the correct alternative from the given
choices. For the Non-Multiple Choice Questions, write your answer in the box provided.

1. If f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) and f(1) = 4, find the value of x2  x 1

20 10. The range of the function is _____.
 f (n) . x2  x 1
(B) [1, )
n 1
(A) (–, 1]
3 
(C) (–, –1] ∪  ,   (D) None of these
1 t 5 
2. f(t) = , (t  –1), f (t) = f(f(t)) and for n > 2,
2
1 t 11. For two sets A and B, n(A) = 6 and n(B) = 5. Find
fn(t) = f(fn – 1 (t)). Find the value of f132(0). the number of functions which are not onto that can
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) 2 be defined from A to B.
3. If f(xy) = f(x)f(y) and f(2) = 1/8, find f(1) + f(1/2) +
f(1/3).
x 1
12. If f(x) = for x ≠ 1, find f–1of–1of–1of–1of–1of–1 (5).
x 1
4. Let A = {1, 2, 3……100} and B be a non-empty 1 3 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) 5
subset of A. How many such sets B can be formed 5 2 3
such that the product of all the elements of B is
even? 13. If f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) and f(1) = 64, find f(4).
(A) 250 – 1 (B) 2100– 249 (A) 220 (B) 224 (C) 28 (D) 216
(C) 250 (250 – 1) (D) (250 – 1) (250 – 1)
14. If the graph of y = x2 + 4x + 9 is symmetric about
5x  5x x = k, the value of k is
5. If f(x)= , 2f(x + y)f(x – y) = _____.
2
(A) f(2x) + f(2y) (B) f(2x)f(2y) 15. For a real number x, f(x) = 1/(1 + x). Also, f1(x) = f(x)
f ( 2x ) and f n(x) = f(f n-1(x)), for n = 2, 3, . . . What is the
(C) (D) f(2x) – f(2y) value of f(2)f²(2)f3(2)f4(2)f5(2)?
f ( 2y )
(A) 1/3 (B) 3 (C) 1/18 (D) 18
6. If – 1 < x < 1, find the inverse of the function y
16.
3 x  3 x
f(x) = .
3x  3x 8
1  1 x  1  1 x 
(A) log3   (B) log3   6
2  1 x  2  1 x 
 1 x   1 x 
(C) log3   (D) log3  
 1 x   1 x  4

7. If f(4x + 3) = 32x2 + 68x + 40, f(3x + 4) = ______. 2

(A) 40x2 + 68x + 32 (B) 18x2 + 63x + 59
(C) 32x2 + 68x + 40 (D) 12x2 + 30x + 42
–2 0 2 4 6 8 x
 1
8. If 2f(x) + 5f   = 27x2 + 4 for all nonzero values
x –2
of x, find f(3).
539 359 459 539 –4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
21 21 21 21 Which of the following relations best describes the
given graph for –2  x  6?
9. The domain of the real function
x  y x  y
1 1 (A)      = 1 (B)      = 1
f(x) = + log (x – 2) + is _______. 2  2 2  2
x 9
2 x  2
x  y x  y
(A) (2,) (B) (–3, 3) (C) (3, ) (D) (–, –3) (C)      = 0 (D)      = 0
2  2 2  2
17. Thegraphs of y = f(x) and y = g(x) are shown below. 22. Thegraphs of y = f(x) and y = F(x) are shown below.
Which of the following relations is true? Which of the following relations is true?
y y
Y

3 x x
y = f(x) O O
(1, 0) (–1, 0)
(2, 2)
2 
(–1, 1) (1, 1)
 1  y = f(x) y = F(x)

 
0 X (A) f(x) = F(–x) (B) f(x) = F(x)
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3
–1 (C) f(x) = –F(x) (D) f(x) = –F(–x)

–2 23. If f(x) = 27x4 and g(x) = 3 f ( x ) , the value of

–3 log3 [fog(729)] is

Directions for questions 24 and 25: These questions

are based on the information given below.
Y
The functions f(x) and g(x) are defined as
x x x x
f(x) = and g(x) = .
y = g(x) 2 2
In these questions, choose the alternative that best
describes the graph given.
   X 24. y
–3 0 1 2 3
–2 –1 4 5
–1  
(1, –1)(3, –1)
  (1, 1)
–2 (4, –2)
x
0
–3

(–1, –1)
(A) g(x) = f(x – 2) (B) g(x) = –f(x – 2)
(C) g(x) = f(x + 2) (D) g(x) = –f(x + 2) (A) y = g(x) – f(x) (B) y = f(x) – g(x)
f ( x )  g( x )
18. If f(x) = px + q and f[f[f(x)]] = 64x + 147, the value of (C) y = (D) y = f(x) + g(x)
2
2p + 3q is
25.
y

19. If f(x) = px + qx – rx + 3 and f(4) = 10, f(–4) =

5 3

_______.
(A) –3 (B) 2 (C) –4 (D) –7 0 x
20. What is the maximum distance between any two (–1, –1)   (1, –1)
points on the graph 4|x| + 5|y| = 40?
(A) 24 (B) 16 (C) 10 (D) 20

21. Find the area of the region bounded by the graph of f ( x )  g( x )

4|x| + 5|y| = 20. (A) y = (B) y = f(x) – g(x)
2
(C) y = f(x) + g(x) (D) y = g(x) – f(x)
 Solutions
Solutions for questions 1 to 20: 9x + 13 9x + 13
y = = f −1 (x) Ans: (
14x − 9
)
14x − 9
1. (i), (ii) Since every element in set A is associated with exactly
one element in set A, f1 and f2 are functions. 5x + 11
9. f(x) =
(iii) In f3 the elements 2 and 5 are associated with two 12x − 5
distinct elements. So f3 is not a function. f–1(x) = y ⇒ x = f(y)
(iv) In f4, 6 is not mapped to any element. So, f4 is not a 5y + 11
function. Ans: (f1, f2)
⇒x= = 12xy − 5x = 5y + 11
12y − 5
⇒ 12xy – 5y = 5x + 11
2. The number of functions from A to B, is [n(B)]n(A) i.e., 57 ⇒ y(12x – 5) = 5x + 11
Ans: (57) 5x + 11
⇒y= = f −1 (x)
12x − 5
3. Domain = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 5x + 11
Range = {a, b, c, d, e}. f–1(x) =
12x − 5
5(6) + 11 41 41
4. (i) The number of one-one functions defined from A to B is f–1(6) = = Ans: ( )
12(6) − 5 67 67
n(B)P 8 Ans: (8P5)
n(A) i.e., P5.
(ii) Since n(A) > n(B), the number of one-one functions 10. f(x) = 4x + 13; g(x) = x2 + 7
is 0. Ans: (0) fog(3) = f[g(3)] = f(16)
= 4(16) + 13 = 77
5. (i) The number of onto functions, defined from A to B, gof(3) = g[f(3)] = g(25)
where B has two elements is 2n – 2. = (25)2 + 7 = 632 Ans: (77, 632)
∴ The required number of onto functions = 26 – 2 = 62.
Ans: (62) 11. If 5 – 2x > 4x + 11, x < –1.
(ii) The number of onto functions defined from A to B where f(x) = min (5 – 2x, 4x + 11)
B has 3 elements is 3n – 3C12n + 3C2 where n is the = min (>7, <7)
number of elements in set A. = <7.
The required number of onto functions = 37 – 3C127 + If 5 – 2x > 4x + 11, x > –1.
3C = 1806 Ans: (1806)
2 f(x) = min (5 – 2x, 4x + 11)
(iii) Since n(A) < n(B), the number of onto functions defined = min (<7, >7)
from A to B is 0. Ans: (0) = <7.
If 5 – 2x = 4x + 11, x = –1.
6. The number of one-one, onto, bijective functions when n(A) f(x) = min (5 – 2x, 4x + 11)
= n(B) = n is n! = min (7, 7)
∴ The required number of functions is 8! Ans: (8!) = 7.
The maximum value of f(x) is 7 Ans: (7)
7. (i) For x1, x2  R, and x1 ≠ x2, f(x1) ≠ f(x2)
∴f is one – one function 1 4
For every y ∈ R there exists x ∈ R such that 6x + 7 = y. 12. 2f(x) + 5f( ) = 10x +
x x
∴ f is onto function.
Hence f(x) = 6x + 7 is bijective. Put x = 2
1
Ans: (one –one, onto, bijective) 2f(2) + 5f( ) = 20 + 2 = 22 ------ (1)
(ii) f(1) = f(–1) = 3 2
∴f(x) = 3x2 is not one – one function Put x = ½
Since the range of 3x2 [0, ∞) which is a proper subset 1
2f( ) + 5f(2) = 5 + 8 = 13 ------(2)
of co domain (R), f(x) is not onto. 2

Hence f(x) is neither one-one nor onto. Ans: (None) (1) × 2 – (2) × 5
(iii) When x = 3, f(x) = 1 = 4 f(2) + 10f(½) = 44
When x = 4, f(x) = 1 25 f(2) + 10f(½) = 65
Hence, f(x) is not one-one. –21 f(2) = –21
Each value of f(x) is the image of at least one value in ∴f(2) = 1 Ans: (1)
the domain of f(x).
 f(x) is an onto function. Ans: (onto) 13. Given f(x) + f(1 – x) = 8 -------- (1)
1 49 1 1
Consider f ( ) + f ( ) = f ( ) + f (1 − )=8
8. (i) Let f(x) = 7x + 12 50 50 50 50
f–1(x) = y ⇒ x = f(y) 2 48 2 2
⇒ x = 7y + 12 f ( ) + f ( ) = f ( ) + f (1 − )=8
50 50 50 50
x − 12 :
⇒y=
7 :
x − 12 x − 12 24 26 24 24
∴ f–1(x) = Ans: ( ) f ( ) + f ( ) = f ( ) + f (1 − )=8
7 7
9x + 13 50 50 50 50
(ii) Let f(x) = 25 1
14x − 9
f–1(x) = y ⇒ x = f(y) Put x = = in (1).
50 2
9y + 13 1 1
x = f( ) + f( ) = 8
14y − 9 2 2
⇒ 14xy – 9x = 9y + 13
⇒ 14xy – 9y = 13 + 9x 1
2f ( ) = 8
⇒y(14x – 9) = 13 + 9x 2
 1 i.e., [5, ∞). Ans: ([5, ∞))
⇒ f( ) = 4
2
1 2 3 25 26 49 x2
∴ f( ) + f( ) + f( ) + ⋯f( ) + f( )+ ..+ f( ) 15. Consider
50 50 50 50 50 50 1 + x2
1 49 2 48 24
= f (50) + f (50) + f (50) + f (50) … + f (50) + f (50) + f (50)
26 25 1 + x2 − 1
=
= 8 + 8 + 8 + ….. (24 times) + f(½) = 192 + 4 = 196. 1 + x2
1
Ans: (196) =1−
1 + x2
1
14. f(x) = log(6x + 7) + √x 2
− 25 ∴ for x ∈ R = 1 − <1
Log(6x + 7) is defined when 6x + 7 > 0 ⇒ x > – 7/6 1 + x2
x2
7 And ≥0
Domain of log(6x + 7) is A(say) = (− , ∞) 1 + x2
6
x2
√x 2 − 25 is defined when x2 – 25 ≥ 0 ∴The range of in [0, 1)
⇒x ≤ – 5 or x ≥ 5 1 + x2
3x2
Domain of √x 2 − 25 is B(say) = (– ∞,–5] ∪ [5, ∞). ∴The range of is [0, 3). Ans: ([0, 3))
1 + x2
Domain of f(x) is A ∩ B

16. (I) (a) y = x2 − 3x − 4

x 0 −1 4 1 2 −2 3
y −4 0 0 −6 −6 6 −4

30

25

20

15

10

0
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
-5

-10

(b) y = x3
x 0 −1 −2 −3 1 2 3
y 0 −1 −8 −27 1 8 27

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 x
−9 −8−7−6−5−4−3 −2 −1
−11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
 (II) (a) y = x this graph is symmetric with respect to (V) (a) y = x + 5 is in the form of y = f(x) + c. The graph
y-axis and lies entirely in 1st and 2nd quadrants. y = x + 5 is obtained by shifting the graph
If x  0, y is positive. When x = 0, y = 0.
∴ The graph passes through the origin. y = f(x) vertically above by 5 units
The required graph is ∴ The required graph of y = x + 5 is
Y y

X 5
0

(b) y = – x . This graph is symmetric with respect to x

0
the y-axis, It passes through the origin and y is
non-positive.
Note: It is obtained by reflecting the graph of y (b) The graph of y= x – 6 is obtained by shifting the graph
= x in the x-axis.
of y = x vertically down by 6 units. i.e.,
Y y

0 x
0 X

–6
Ans: (Check the graph in the solution)

17. (i) f(x) = [x] is called the greatest integer function (Step
() (a) y = x−6 is in the form of y = f(x – a) Function):
f(x) = x  x  z and f(x) = the greatest integer  x for all
where f(x) = x non integers. The graph of f(x) = [x] is as follows.
The graph of f(x – 6) is obtained by shifting the graph of
Y
y = x horizontally 6 units towards the right.
∴ The required graph is 5
Y 4 o
3 o
2 o
1 o

X
0 6 o X
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5

o –1
(b) y = x + 5 is in the form of y = f(x + a) where f(x) = x
o –2
∴ The graph of f(x + 5) is obtained by shifting the graph
of f(x) horizontally 5 units towards left. o –3
∴ The required graph is
o –4

Note: It is a floor function.

x
(ii) f(x) = ,  x  0, = 0 for x = 0 is called signum function:
x
X The function f defined by
–5 0 | x |
if x  0
sgn(x) =  x Domain of f = R, Range =
 0 if x = 0

{−1, 0, 1}. The graph of f(x) is as follows.
 (iii) First we draw the graph of y = logx which is
Y
Y
y = logx
+1

0 X
X (1, 0)
o

y = log(−x) for x < 0 is obtained from y = logx by

–1 reflecting the graph in y-axis as f(−x) is a reflection of
f(x) in y-axis which is

(iii) The graph y = x  is shown below. y = log(−x) Y

If x  Z, y = x
If x  z then y is the least integer greater than x for eg:
x = 1.73 then 1.73 = 2 if x = −2.47 then −2.47 X
= −2 (−1, 0) 0

y
5
4 Ans: (Check the graph in the solution)
3
2 19. Given |x| + |y| ≤ 3
1 First let us draw the graph of the equation
− − − − − 0 1 2 3 4 5 x |x| + |y| = 3
− This includes 4 lines
2
x+y=3 (1st) quadrant
−
–x+y=3 (2nd) quadrant
− –x−y=3 (3rd) quadrant
− x−y=3 (4th) quadrant
− Drawing these four lines on the graph we get a square.
|x| + |y| ≤ 3 represents the region inside or on the square.

Note: It is called ceil function. Y

Ans: (Check the graph in the solution)
(0, 3)
18. (i) The function f(x) = ex is called the exponential function:
The function that associates every real number x to ex
is called the exponential function i.e., f(x) = ex , Domain
of f = R, Range = set of all positive real numbers, R+.
The graph of f(x) is as follows. (−3, 0) 0 X
(3, 0)
Y

(0, −3)

Ans: (Check the graph in the solution)

(0, 1)
20. ABCD: |x| + |y| < 12
0 X Circle x2 + y2 ≥ 9
Y

D(0, 12)

(ii) f(x) = logx is called the Logarithmic Function

The function that associates every positive real number A(–12, 0) C(12, 0)
x to log x is called logarithmic function. i.e. f(x) = log x.
Domain of f = set of all positive real numbers (R); Range X
0
of f = R. The graph of f(x) is as follows.
Y

B(0, 12)

Area of the shaded region is area of ABCD – Area of circle

0 X 1
(0, 1) = × 24 × 24 − π(3)2
2
= 288 – 9π. Ans: (288 –9)
 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
Solutions for questions 1 to 10: f(x) = min (14x, – x2 + 32)
14x = – x2 + 32 ⇒ x2 + 14x – 32 = 0
= (x + 16)(x – 2) = 0
f(x) x2 −7x+12
1. (i) √g(x) = √3x2−13x+12 ⇒ x = 2, – 16
∴The maximum value of f(x) is 28. Ans: (28)
(x−4)(x−3)
= √(x−3)(3x−4) 6. Given f(1) + f(2) + …. + f(n) = n2(f(n))
f(1) + f(2) + …. + f(n – 1) = n2f(n) – f(n)
x−4 (n – 1)2 f(n – 1) = (n2 – 1)(f(n))
=√ When x ≠ 3 f(n) n−1
3x−4 =
∴the domain of the above is f(n−1) n+1
x−4 (x−4)(3x−4) Put n = 2
≥0 ⇒ (3x−4)2
≥ 0, x ≠ 4/3 f(2)
= ;
1 f(3)
=
2
3x−4
f(1) 3 f(2) 4
= (x – 4)(3x – 4) ≥ 0
f(4) 3 f(5) 4 f(15) 14
When x ≤ 4/3 or x ≥ 4 the above equation is true = , = ,.. =
∴domain of the function (–∞, 4/3) ∪ [4, ∞). f(3) 5 f(4) 6 f(14) 16
Ans: ((–∞, 4/3) ∪ [4, ∞)) Multiplying these terms, we will get
f(5) 1 2 3 4 13 14
= × × × × .. ×
(ii) f(x) = 5x2 + 16x + 44 f(1) 3 4 5 6 15 16
g(x) = x2 + 8x – 44 f(15) 1 ×2
f(x) + g(x) = 6x2 + 24x
∴ =
f(1) 15 ×16
f(x) – g(x) = 4x2 + 8x + 88 1 ×2 25 25
f(15) = × 250 = Ans: ( )
f+g f(x)+ g(x) 15 ×16 12 12
√f−g (x) = √f(x)− g(x)
7. The area of the region bounded by |x – 5} + |y – 8| = 12 is
6x2 +24x same as area bounded by |x| + |y| = 12
=√ 1
4x2 + 8x+88 The required area = × 24 × 24 = 288 sq units
2
6x2 +24x Ans: (288)
The above function is defined when ≥0
4x2 + 10x+88
2
4x + 8x + 88 is always greater than 0. 8.
∴6x2 + 24x  0 y
⇒x(x + 4)  0 A
x  – 4 or x  0.
Domain is (–∞, –4] ∪ [0, ∞). Ans: ((–∞, –4] ∪ [0, ∞))

7x+24 x
2. Given f(x) =
8x−19 B (–4, 0) C (–2, 0) 0
Let f–1(4) = k ⇒f(k) = 4
7k+24
= =4 When x > – 4 and < – 2
8k−19
 7k + 24 = 32k – 76 |x + 4| = x + 4, |x + 2| = –(x + 2)
= 24 + 76 = 25k ⇒ x + 4 = – (x + 2) = 2x = – 6
= 25k = 100 ⇒ k = 4 Ans: (4) x=–3
coordinates of A = ( – 3, 1)
12x+13 1
3. f(x) = The area of shaded region =
2
× base × height
17x−12
12x+13 1
fof(x) = f[f(x)] = f ( ) = × 2 × 1 = 1 sq unit Ans: (1)
17x−12 2
12x+13
12( )+13
17x−12 9.
= 12x+13
17( )−12 f(x)
17x−12
144x+156+221x−156
= f(x) =
204x+221−204x+144

565x 0
= =x
565 x
∴fof(x) = x
fofof(x) = f[(fof(x)] = f(x)
∴ Even number of f; we will get
x; odd number of f we will get f(x).
The number of f’s are even
∴ required answer = x. Ans: (x)
g(x)
4. f(x) = 7x + 8; g(x) = 5x – 9
fg(–4) = f(–4)g(–4)
= (–28 + 8)(–20 – 9) = 580
[f(0)]3 + [g(0)]3
= 83 + (–9)3 x
=512 – 729 = – 217 Ans: (580, –217) 0

5. We know f(x) = min(g(x), h(x)) then f(x) is maximum when g(x) =

g(x) = h(x)
 10. f (– x) is the graph of f (x) reflected in the y-axis
y
f(−(x – 6)) = f(6 − x)
y

f(6 − x)
0 x
h(x) =

−7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 x
Ans: (Check the graph in the solution)
Ans: (Check the graph in the solution)
 Solutions
Solutions for questions 1 to 23: 32y = x  1
1 x
1. Given f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y). The function f(x) = kx satisfies the
above condition.  1 x 
Given f(1) = 4, and f(1) = k(1) = k log332y = log3  
k=4
 1 x 
 f(x) = 4x.  1 x 
20 2y = log3  
 f (n) = f(1) + f(2) + f(3) + .... + f(20)
n 1
 1 x 
= 4 + 4(2) + 4(3) + ...... + 4(20)  1 x 
log3  
1
y= Choice (A)
 1 x 
(20)(21) 2
= 4(1 + 2 + 3 + .... 20) = 4 = 840
2
Ans: 840
7. f(4x + 3) = 32x2 + 68x + 40
t3
1 t Let 4x + 3 = t  x =
1 4
2. Given f(t) = 1  t ; f(f(t)) =
1  t  2t  t
1 t 1 t 2  t3
2
 t3 
1 f(t) = 32   + 68   + 40
1 t  4   4 
 f2 (t) = f(f(t)) = t; f3(t) = f (f2(t)) = f(t); ..... = 2(t2 – 6t + 9) + 17t – 51 + 40
In general, fn(t) = t when n is even and fn(t) = f(t) when n is = 2t2 – 12t + 18 + 17t – 11
odd. f(t) = 2t2 + 5t + 7
f1(0) = 1, f2(0) = 0, f3(0) = 1, f4 = 0, ……..  f(3x + 4) = 2(3x + 4)2 + 5(3x + 4) + 7
 f132 (0) = 0. Choice (C) = 2(9x2 + 24x + 16) + 15x + 20 + 7
= 18x2 + 48x + 32 + 15x + 20 + 7
3. f(xy) = f(x)f(y)  f(x) = xn f(3x + 4) = 18x2 + 63x + 59 Choice (B)
1
f(2) =  n = – 3
8  1
 f(x) = x–3 8. 2 f(x) + 5f   = 27x2 + 4
f(1) = 1, f(1/2) = 8, f(1/3) = 27 x
and f(1) + f(1/2) + f(1/3) = 36 Ans: 36
 1
Put x = 3, 2 f(3) + 5f   = 243 + 4 = 247. . . . (1)
4. The product of all the elements in the set B is even when at 3
least one of the elements is even.
The total number of non-empty subsets formed is 2100 – 1.  1
Put x = , 2f   + 5 f(3) = 7. . . . (2)
1
The number of subsets that contain only odd numbers is
50C + 50C +…..+ 50C = 250 – 1
1 2 50
3 3
Hence required number of subsets Solving (1)and (2) we get, 21 f(3) = – 459
= 2100 – 1 – (250 -1) = 2100 - 250 459
 f(3) = Choice (C)
= 250 (250 – 1). Choice (C) 21
x
Given f(x) = 5  5
x
5. 1 1
2 9. Let  = ,  = log(x – 2),  =
x 9
2 x2
xy ( x  y )
f(x + y) = 5 5
x 2  9 is defined only when x – 9 > 0
2 2

xy
f(x – y) = 5  5 ( x  y )  (x + 3) (x – 3) > 0 x  R – [–3, 3] ------(1)
2  Domain of  is x  R – [–3, 3]
 5 x  y  5 ( x  y )   5 x  y  5 ( x  y )  . log(x – 2) is defined when x – 2 > 0  x > 2 ------(2)
2 f(x + y) f(x – y) = 2     1
 2   2  . is defined for all x ≠ –2
    x2
2 x
= 5 5 5
2x 2y
 5 2 y = 5 2 x  5 2 x 5 2 y  5 2 y  Domain of the given function

2 2 2 R – [–3, 3] ⋂ (2, ) ⋂ R – {–2}
= f(2x) + f(2y) Choice (A) i.e.,

3x  3 x 
6. f(x) = –3 3
3 x  3 x 0

let f– 1(x) = y  x = f(y) 0 2
3y  3y 32y  1 
 x= y
 0 2
3 3
y
32y  1
x(32y) + x = 32y – 1  The required domain is (3, ) Choice (C)
32y(1 – x) = x + 1
 x2  x 1 If x [2, 4), y  [0, 2).
10. Let =k ------- (1) Option B satisfies this condition. Choice (B)
x2  x 1
17. The graph of y = g(x) is obtained from that of y = f(x) by
⇒ kx2 – kx – k – x2 – x – 1 = 0
reflecting it in the x-axis and then moving the image towards
⇒ x2(k – 1) – x(k + 1) – k – 1 = 0 ------- (2) the right by 2 units.
 g(x) = –f(x – 2)
k 1
Choice (B)

The roots are , where   0, i.e. -------- (3)
k 1 18. f(x) = px + q
f[f(x)] = f[px + q]
⇒ (k + + 4(k – 1) (k + 1) ≥ 0
1)2 = p(px + q) + q
(k + 1) (k + 1 + 4k – 4) ≥ 0 (k + 1) (5k – 3) ≥ 0 = p2x + pq + q
⇒ k ∊ R – (–1, 3 ) f[f(f(x)] = f[p2x + pq + q]
5 = p[p2x + pq + q] + q
 The range of the given function is (–∞, –1] ∪ [ 3 , ∞). = p3x + p2q + pq + q
5 Given, this is equal to 64x + 147
 p3 = 64 and p2q + pq + q = 147
Choice (C) p = 4 and q(p2 + p + 1) = 147
147
11. When n(A) = 6, and n(B) = 5 q= =7
21
the total number of functions from A to B is given by
 2p + 3q = 2(4) + 3(7)
n(B)n(A) = 56
= 8 + 21 = 29. Ans: 29
The number of onto functions from A to B is given by
nm – nC1 (n – 1)m + nC2 (n – 2)m – nC3 (n – 3)m + -------
19. f(x) = px5 + qx3 – rx + 3
Here n = 5, m = 6
Given f(4) = 10
= 56 – 5C1 (4)6 + 5C2 (3)6 – 5C3 (2)6 + 5C4 (1)6
45p + 43q – 4r + 3 = 10
= 56 – 5 (4096) + 10(729) – 10(64) + 5 = 56 – 13825
45p + 43q – 4r = 7
∴ The required number of functions f(–4) = (–45) p – (43)q + 4r + 3
= 56 – {56 – 13825} = 13825 Ans: 13825 = –(45p + 43q – 4r) + 3
= –7 + 3 = –4. Choice (C)
12. Given f(x) = x  1 = y (say)
x 1 20. The graph of 4|x| + 5|y| = 40 is as follows.

 xy – y = x + 1  x = y  1 or f–1(x) = x  1 = f(x)
A (0, 8)
y 1 x 1
(f–1of–1)(x) = (f–1o f )x = x
As f–1 occurs 6 times (an even number of times the given
function is x itself.
D B
∴ (f–1of–1of–1of–1of–1of–1)(5) = 5 Choice (D) (10, 0)
(–10, 0)
13. Given f(x + y) = f(x)f(y)
The function which satisfies the above condition is in the
form of akx
 f(x) = akx C (0, –8)
Given f(1)= 64  ak = 64 The maximum distance between any two points on the graph
f(4)= a4k = (ak)4 = (64)4 = 224 Choice (B) is same as the distance between the points B and D
 BD = 20. Choice (D)
14. Y = x2 + 4x + 9
= x2 + 4x + 4 + 5 21. The region bounded by the graph of 4|x| + 5|y| = 20
Y = (x + 2)2 + 5 represents a rhombus whose diagonals are 8 and 10. Its
The minimum value of the above function is 5; The graph is 1
symmetric about x + 2 = 0 i.e. x = –2 area = × 8 × 10 = 40. Ans: 40
 k = –2. Ans: –2 2

22. The graph y = f(x) can be obtained by the reflection of the

15. f(2) = 1 1 graph of y = F(x) in the x-axis and then in the y-axis or vice

1 2 3 versa, hence f(x) = –F(–x). Choice (D)
f2(2) = f(f(2))= f (1/3) = 1 3

1  1/ 3 4 23. f(x) = 27x4 g(x) = 3 f(x)

f3(2) = f(f2(2)) = f(3/ 1 4 4

4) = 
1 3/ 4 7 = 3
27 x 4 = 3x3
f4(2) = f(f3(2) = f(4/ 1 7
7) = 
1 4/7 11
fog(x) = f[g(x)]

1 11  4 
= f 3 x 3 
f5(2) = f(f4(2) = f(7/11) = 
1  7 / 11 18  
 f (2) f2(2) f3(2) f4(2) f5(2)  
4
 4 
1  3   4   7   11  1  
     = 27.  3 x 3 
3  4   7   11   18  18
=
 
 
Choice (C) 16
16. From the graph, we observe the following:
= 27.34 x 3
If x [0, 2), y  [2, 4).
 16 y = x in the x-axis, hence the graph is represented by
fog(x) = 37 x 3 y = –x.
16  x  x  x  x
 
fog(729) = 37 729 3 consider Choice (B): f(x) – g(x) = 
 2 
–


 2 



 
16
= 37 3 6 3 = 2x = –x Choice (B)
2
= 37.332 = 339
 log3 fog(729) = log3 339
= 39. Ans: 39

Solutions for questions 24 and 25:

24. The given graph is represented by the line y = x.

x x x x
Consider Choice (D): y = f(x) + g(x) =  =x
2 2
or y = x. Choice (D)

25. The given graph is obtained by reflecting the graph of