`

MIDTERM TERM SECOND SEMESTER

School Year 2021-2022
Week 6
February 21-25, 2022
__________________________________________________________________________

THE LOUISIAN PRAYER

O God, wellspring of goodness and blessings, we give you thanks and praise as one
Louisian community. The graces You incessantly grant upon us and Your divine
providence have sustained our beloved University throughout the years of mission and
excellence.

Having been founded by the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, we pray that
You keep us committed and dedicated to our mission and identity to serve the Church and
the
society as we become living witnesses to the Gospel values proclaimed by Jesus. For if
we are steadfast in our good and beautiful mission, our works will bring success not only
to ourselves but also to those whom we are bound to love and serve.

Inspired by St. Louis our Patron Saint, who was filled with a noble spirit that stirred him to love
You above all things , may we also live believing that we are born for a greater purpose
and mission as we dwell in Your presence all the days of our life.

Grant all these supplications through the intercession of

Mother Mary and through Christ our Lord. Amen.

I. INTRODUCTION
As we are heading to a meaningful journey together, you need to reflect on the three tips for
effective learning of the 6th week module.

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 (1) Review the basics. Know your weaknesses and start refreshing your mind from the
basic topics by scanning your previous weekly modules.
(2) Start solving with the simple tasks. You are expected to learn the preparatory topics.
Now, you are set to solve and analyze moderate to difficult problems.
(3) Connect with experts. Good students are those who don’t hesitate to consult the
experts. You are best guided by your teachers and others who are knowledgeable of
the subject.

Name : Erovita Teresita B. Agustin, DME

CP No. : (+63) 9175647744
E-mail : [email protected]
Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/vitzbacudagustin
Academic Advising Time: Friday 10:30-12:00
Name : Jenalyn M. Crayo, LPT
CP No. : (+63) 906 832 7440
E-mail : [email protected]
Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/jhen.crayo
Academic Advising Time: Tuesday 10:00-12:00 Friday 2:15-3:15
Name : Kastin Joyce D. Ibay, LPT
CP No. : (+63) 936 279 1426
E-mail : [email protected]
Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/kastinjoycedaroniibay
Academic Advising Time: Friday (1:15-4:15)
Name : Jaylord Paul S. Padilla, LPT
CP No. : (+63) 926 233 8699
E-mail : [email protected]
Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/jaylordpaul.padilla
Academic Advising Time: Monday 10:00-11:00 & Friday 7:30-9:30
Name: : Jovie Jane D. Sabiano, LPT
CP No. : (+63) 936 193 2967
E-mail : [email protected]
Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/joviejane.dumlao.3
Academic Advising Time: Tuesday 1:15-3:15, Wednesday 3:15-4:15

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 Attached to this 6th week module are the following:

1. WEEKLY STUDY AND ASSESSMENT GUIDE

DATE TOPIC ACTIVITIES OR TASKS

• Data Collection
• Sampling Techniques Read and comprehend properly

February 21-25, • Determining Samples using the lesson

2022 Sample-Webs
Motivational Activity

Performance Task 2

2. CONTENT GUIDE

For this week, the following shall be your guide for the different lessons and tasks that you
need to accomplish. Be patient, read it carefully before proceeding to the tasks expected
of you. GOOD LUCK!

Content • Data Collection

• Sampling Techniques
• Determining Samples using Sample-Webs
Learning At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
Competencies • distinguish the different data collection methods;
• compare the probability and non-probability sampling
techniques; and,
• determine the samples using the sample web.
Activities Performance Task 2
Essential Questions •How do we make wise decisions?
•Why is it important to determine samples from
population?
Value Statement “Sometimes your smallest decisions can make a huge
impact”

“It's not about making the right choice.

It's about making a choice and making it right.”
― J.R. Rim

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 References Textbooks:
Textbooks:
Alferez, M. S. & Duro, M. C. A. (2018). Statistics and Probability.
MSA Publishing House. Cainta, Philippines.

De Guzman, D. (2017). Statistics and Probability. C & E Publishing

Inc. Quezon City, Philippines

Parreno E.,Jimenez R. (2014) Basic Statistics. C&E Publishing, Inc.

Balino, J. , Reyes, E. , Villanueva, M. (2014). Basic Statistics. pg
13-16

Icutan, S. & et al (2012). Statistics with Probability. A

Comprehensive Approach. pg 8-10

Zorilla, R. & et al (2014). Fundamentals of Statistics. pg 16-17

Online Resources:
Mclaughlin,E. Data Collection. Retrieved February 18,2022 from
https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/data-
collection

Manila Bulletin (2022). DepEd: Majority of students ‘satisfied’ with

pilot face-to-face classes. Retrieved February 18,2022 from
https://mb.com.ph/2022/01/05/deped-majority-of-students-satisfied-
with-pilot-face-to-face-classes/

The Economic Times (2022). Definition of Random Sampling.

Retrieved February 18,2022 from
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/random-sampling

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 I. LEARNING CONTENT
Last week you have learned the different ways on how to organize and present data. For
this week, you will learn how to collect data and how to determine samples.

The University of Saint Louis is currently conducting a survey on possible Limited Face-to-
face classes. They are currently floating questionnaires through google forms to determine if
both students and parents would agree on the Limited Face-to-face classes.

Why is there a need for the school to ask the parents before planning to have a face-to-face
class?
Why is it important to know other people’s opinion before deciding?

Well, it is because in deciding you have only two options. It is to push through your decision
or not. And for the school to have a good and right decision, it is very important that the
parents and the students would agree to join the face-to-face class, and also with the person
of the authority.

Motivating Activity:

Decision Making:
List down 5 best decisions you made in your life and how these decisions made you
a wise person?

Sample answer for the activity:

➢ Making wise decision is very important in our daily lives and one of the reasons why
we should study statistics is to help us make a wise decision. We cannot avoid making
decision in every minute of our daily life. This decision we do are based on the
information we gathered.
➢ For instance, before getting into marriage you need first to gather information on your
partner like, how he treats the people surround him, if he has work and if the both of
you is financially stable.
➢ Before doctors give prescribe medicine to a patient, pieces of information were
presented first and lastly, before you choose a university to study, there’s a need for
you first to have a background check on the university you want to go to. These are
some example decisions that we do in our life that will eventually have a huge impact
in our life.

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 How do we collect data?
What are the data collection methods?
Why is it important to collect data before you decide?

DATA COLLECTION
Data collection is the process of gathering data for use in business decision-making, strategic
planning, research and other purposes. It's a crucial part of data analytics applications and
research projects: Effective data collection provides the information that's needed to answer
questions, analyze business performance or other outcomes, and predict future trends,
actions and scenarios.

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

The methods used to collect data vary based on the type of application. Some involve the
use of technology, while others are manual procedures. The following are some common
data collection methods:
Interview Method
The researcher has a direct contact with the respondents or the participants of the study.
The researcher gathers data by asking his respondents series of question. This method is a
good approach for ensuring a high response rate and gather better quality data.

Source: https://www.questionpro.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Types-of-interviews.jpg

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 Questionnaire Method
The researcher distributes the questionnaire either personal or via email and collects them
by the same process. This method can save a lot of time and money in gathering needed
data because questionnaire can be given in a large number of respondents.

Source: https://www.questionpro.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Types-of-Questionnaires-Based-on-Distribution.jpg

Registration Method
This method of collecting data governed by existing law, policies and regulation. For example,
the number of registered vehicles can be found in LTO, The Commission of Election has the
list of registered voters and Lastly, Total number of Birth and Marriage records can be located
at PSA. The lists are always updated.

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 Experimental Method
This Method of collecting data is used to find out the cause-and-effect relationship. The outcomes,
through tests will be then be compared to determine which method is better.

DepEd: Majority of students ‘satisfied’ with pilot face-to-

face classes
Student-participants were generally “satisfied” with their overall
experience during the pilot run of limited face-to-face classes, the
Department of Education (DepEd) on Wednesday, Jan. 5, said. In a
virtual press briefing, DepEd Planning Service Director Roger Masapol
presented a survey conducted by the agency after the five-week pilot
study on limited face-to-face classes.

The pilot study of limited face-to-face classes for basic education

started on Nov. 15 and ended on Dec. 17, 2021. Citing results of the
survey, Masapol said that “97 percent of Grades 1 to 3 learner-
respondents while 86 percent of SHS [Senior High School] learner-
respondents are satisfied with their overall experience in the pilot
implementation of limited face-to-face classes.”
Source: https://mb.com.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2022/01/58417.jpeg Masapol said that DepEd conducted the pilot implementation survey
among the participants after Dec. 17 to “engage the stakeholders to
assess the implementation of protocols and standards for the limited
face-to-face classes.”
Source: Read more @: https://mb.com.ph/2022/01/05/deped-majority-of-
students-satisfied-with-pilot-face-to-face-classes/

How do we determine samples?

This is likely the question on mind when you plan to conduct a simple survey or study. Sample
determination is considered to be the ultimate concern especially that the study will not move
without the respondents.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
This method is used to determine which element is to be included in the sample. In order to
obtain a genuine or unbiased sample. Each member should have an equal chance of being
included or being selected to become a sample. It is very important that each researcher

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 have a complete list of the population, so that every member is ready to be included is the
sample.

There are two classification of sampling techniques. It may be Probability Sampling or Non-
Probability Sampling.

I. Probability Sampling – each member of the population has an equal chance of being
selected as members of the sample
Five Probability Sampling Techniques
1. Simple Random Sampling is a part of the sampling technique in which each
sample has an equal probability of being chosen. A sample chosen randomly is
meant to be an unbiased representation of the total population.

There are two ways to do a random sampling.

➢ Lottery Sampling / Raffle.
Process:
a. Each member of the population is numbered
b. The pieces of paper shall be rolled evenly
c. The desired number of samples are drawn one after the other.

➢ Table of random number- A table of random numbers invented by

statistician is used to draw the numbers for the sample.

Example: Suppose in a group of 25 girls.

Process:
a. 8 will be selected at random to join a competition.
b. Then, if the first 2 digit number of the random numbers is 20, The
number of 20 among the girls is the first sample, and;
c. The process is continued until the 8th number is chosen.

2. Systematic Sampling is done systematically and it is done by numbering each

member of the population and successively drawn the elements from the
population.
Example: There are 440 people in group. A researcher needs 20 samples from
the population.

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 Process:
a. Divide the population by the number of 440
= 22
the desired sample. 20
𝑛 = 22

b. Select a random starting point 1+ 22=23rd ( 1st member of our

For example, we start at the 1st element. sample)
then we successively choose the member 23 + 22 = 45th (2nd member of our
of our sample. sample)
45 + 22 = 67th ( 3rd member of our
sample)
..
..
..
The process will continue until we will ..
obtain the nth member of the sample. ..
.. nth member of the sample

On the same given. If we will start on the 3rd sample. This is the process.
3+ 22= 25th ( 1st member of our sample)
25 + 22 = 47th (2nd member of our sample)
47 + 22 = 69th (3rd member of our sample)
………… until the nth member of our sample.

3. Stratified Random Sampling- this method will obtain its sample by dividing the
population into its categories, strata (groups) or sub-population, then we obtain the
sample proportionately from each stratum.
Example: The researcher wants to equally obtain a total sample of 520 residents
from the whole population in Barangay D.

Data:

Streets (strata) Total population of students on each grade level

Street A 350
Street B 433
Street C 324
Street D 293
Total population of Barangay D 1400

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 Process:
a. To obtain a proportional 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎
=
𝑥
number we must divide the 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑦 𝐷 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠
total population of strata
and the total population of x represents the number of desired number of data per stratum.
residents then equate it to
x divided by the total
number of desired sample
For Street 1: Total population of Barangay D= 1400
Total population of Street 1 =350
Desired number of samples= 520
350 𝑥 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦
=
1400 520
(350)(520) = 1400(𝑥 ) 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦
182000 = 1400𝑥 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 1400
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎

The researcher will get 130 residents in Street 1.

For Street 2: Total population of Barangay D= 1400

Total population of Street 2 =433
Desired number of samples= 520

433 𝑥 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦

=
1400 520
(433)(520) = 1400(𝑥 ) 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦
225160 = 1400𝑥 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 1400
𝑥 = 160.83 𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓𝑓
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟔𝟏

The researcher will get 161 residents in Street 2.

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 For Street 3: Total population of Barangay D= 1402
Total population of Street 3 =325
Desired number of samples= 520

324 𝑥 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦

=
1402 520
(324)(520) = 1400(𝑥 ) 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦
168480 = 1400𝑥 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 1400
𝑥 = 120.34 𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓𝑓
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎

The researcher will get 120 residents in Street 3.

For Street 4: Total population of Barangay D= 1402

Total population of Street 3 =293
Desired number of samples= 520

293 𝑥 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦

=
1400 520
(293)(520) = 1400(𝑥 ) 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦
152360 = 1400𝑥 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 1400
𝑥 = 108.81 𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓𝑓
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎𝟗

The researcher will get 109 residents in Street 4.

Summary of Data
Total population of students Total number of samples from
Grade Level (strata)
on each grade level each stratum
Street A 351 130
Street B 433 161
Street C 325 120
Street D 293 109

Total population of Barangay D 1402 residents Total: 520 residents

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 4. Cluster Sampling- Also called as area sampling because it is used on large population. We
select members of the sample by area and individuals are randomly chosen.
Process:
a. Members of the sample are selected by group or per cluster
b. Sample is selected randomly from each group or cluster randomly

5. Multi- Stage Sampling- Combination of several sampling techniques, usually used by

researchers who are interested n studying a very large population. This is done by;
a. Diving the whole population by area
b. Dividing each area into strata
c. From each stratum, we get the sample by using random sampling technique.

II. Non- Probability Sampling

This is a sampling technique where the researcher draws the sample based on his own
judgement, therefore, the result is biased and not reliable

A. Convenience Sampling - This is being used for its convenience to the researcher. The
research conducts the study at his own convenient time, preferred place or Venue. He
specifies the place and time.

For example: A Researcher wants to find out which detergent is the most popular in
household, he may just make a phone call using the phone number he found on the
telephone.

B. Quota Sampling – A method which the researcher limits the number of his samples based
on the required number of the subject under investigation.

For example: A Researcher limits his samples into 200 policemen only.

C. Purposive Sampling- A non-sampling method that the way researchers choose their
samples based on certain criteria and rules that were set by the researchers on their own.

For example: The study needs Teacher respondents. The researcher wants a sample from
Mathematics Teachers only.

D. Snowball Sampling- This method will be useful when a member of the sample is chosen
through referral of the other member of the sample.

For example: A boy who is a part of a sample introduced or referred his friend to the
researcher to be a sample.

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 E. Modal Instance Sampling – is a method of non-probability sampling where the members
of the sample are selected based n the typical, most frequent observation and modal cases.

For example: In a certain group of students, most of them are girls, then the samples are girls present
in the group.

How do we determine the sample size if the level of confidence and margin
of error is given?

There are instances that the level of confidence and margin of error is given in a data. There
is a way to determine the sample size. It is through Sample Size Web.

HOW TO DETERMINE THE SAMPLE SIZE USING THE SAMPLE WEB

The recommended sample size for a given population size, level of confidence, and margin
of error appears in the body of the table.

Represent the levels of confidence.

Represent the values to select different maximum margins of error.
Represent the values to select different population sizes.

This the Sample Web. (It is in excel format, “Sample Size-web”).

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zABi30UdTJaq3_M_sbj5a0zVnlt1BLS3/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110
342876118660088063&rtpof=true&sd=true

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 You are required to make use of the template for sample size determination given
necessary conditions, level of confidence, and margin of error or degree of accuracy

Since we already have a template in our sample web. We just need to put the necessary
values that are need.

Examples:
1. The recommended sample size for a population of 60, a confidence level of 99%, and a
margin of error (degree of accuracy) of 0.025 or 2.5%. What is the sample size?

Therefore, we should input on the table each given.

The sample size of the 60 population with a confidence level of 99% and margin of error of
0.025 is 59.

2. Given a population of 275, with the confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 2%.
What is the sample size?

The sample size of the 275 population with a confidence level of 95% and margin of error
of 0.02 is 247.

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 3. Given the following: Confidence level is 95% and having a population of 1550. What is
the sample size if the margin of error are:
a. 5%?
b. 3.5%?
c. 2.5%?
d. 1%?

Note: Before we input the different given on the give template. Kindly transform the margin
of error into decimal. Therefore, we have:
a. 0.05
b. 0.035
c. 0.025
d. 0.01

a. The sample size of the 1550 population with a confidence level of 95% and margin of error of
0.05 is 308.
b. The sample size of the 1550 population with a confidence level of 95% and margin of error of
0.035 is 521.
c. The sample size of the 1550 population with a confidence level of 95% and margin of error of
0.025 is 772.
d. The sample size of the 1550 population with a confidence level of 95% and margin of error of
0.01 is 1335.

4. Given the following: Confidence level is 99% and having a population of 1550. What is
the sample size if the margin of error are:
a. 2%?
b. 4.5%?
c. 6.7%?
d. 3%?

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 a. The sample size of the 1550 population with a confidence level of 99% and margin of
error of 0.02 is 1102.
b. The sample size of the 1550 population with a confidence level of 99% and margin of
error of 0.045 is 536.
c. The sample size of the 1550 population with a confidence level of 99% and margin of
error of 0.067 is 299.
d. The sample size of the 1550 population with a confidence level of 99% and margin of
error of 0.03 is 842.
5. What is the sample size of 5320 Population if:
a. Confidence Level is 99% and Margin of Error is at 5%
b. Confidence Level is 95% and Margin of Error is at 3.5%
c. Confidence Level is 99% and Margin of Error is at 2.5%
d. Confidence Level is 95% and Margin of Error is at 1%

Based on the computed data:

a) The sample size of 5320 with a confidence level of 99% and Margin of Error of 5% is
590.
b) The sample size of 5320 with a confidence level of 95% and Margin of Error of 3.5% is
683.
c) The sample size of 5320 with a confidence level of 99% and Margin of Error of 2.5% is
1771.

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 d) The sample size of 5320 with a confidence level of 95% and Margin of Error of 1% is
3424.

Note: From the given examples,

You can manipulate the data or change the data to obtain the answer to the given problem.
1. You can change or manipulate the number of population.

2. You can change or manipulate the margin of error

3. You can change or manipulate the Confidence Level

Note: Sample web is required to determine the sample size

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 Determining Samples using Stratified Sampling Method using Sample Web

1. Consider the data below. Let’s determine the number of samples to be selected from
each group(department) in a University. Use 99% level of confidence and 0.01 margin of
error.

Department Population (N) Percentage Samples (n)

Education 242
Health Sciences 259
Accountancy 361
Engineering 538
Total 1400

Step 1: Complete the table by identifying the percentage of each strand.

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑃=
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Education 242
𝑃𝐸𝑑 = = 0.17 → 17%
1400
Health 259
Sciences 𝑃𝐻𝑆 = = 0.19 → 19%
1400
Accountancy 361
𝑃𝐴𝑐𝑐 = = 0.26 → 26%
1400
Engineering 538
𝑃𝐸𝑁𝐺 = = 0.38 → 38%
1400

Department Population (N) Percentage Samples (n)

Education 242 17%
Health Sciences 259 19%
Accountancy 361 26%
Engineering 538 38%
Total 1400 100%
Step 2. Determine the total number of samples using the sample web and its automatically
done

STATISTICSANDPROBABILITY P a g e 19 | 28

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 The sample size of the 1400 population with a confidence level of 99% and margin of error
of 0.01 is 1291.

Step 3. Determine the number of samples (n) from each strand by multiplying the
percentage of each strand/track to the total sample we obtained which is 943.

𝑛 = 𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑥 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒

Education 𝑛𝐸𝑑 = 0.17 𝑥 1291 = 219. 47 ≈ 219
Health Sciences 𝑛𝐻𝑆 = 0.19 𝑥 1291 = 245.29 ≈ 245
Accountancy 𝑛𝐴𝐶𝐶 = 0.26 𝑥 1291 = 335.66 ≈ 336
Engineering 𝑛𝐸𝑁𝐺 = 0.38 𝑥 1291 = 490.58 ≈ 491

Department Population (N) Percentage Samples (n)

Education 242 17% 219
Health Sciences 259 19% 245
Accountancy 361 26% 336
Engineering 538 38% 491
Total 1400 100% 1291

Determining Samples using Cluster Sampling Method using Sample Web

In the previous example, samples are distributed to strands only.

Using the same data, what id if we desire to determine the number of samples per
year level?
Consider the data below.
Year No. of No. of
DEPARTMENT Percentage Sample (n)
Level Sections Students
Education 1 3 110
2 3 132
Total 6 242
Health Sciences 1 3 159
2 2 100
Total 5 259
Accountancy 1 4 234
2 3 127
Total 7 361
Engineering 1 4 269
2 4 269
Total 8 538
TOTAL 26 1400

STATISTICSANDPROBABILITY P a g e 20 | 28

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 Reminder:
Our intention is to distribute the samples per department to each year level by
recognizing the table on the same given under stratified sampling.

Step 1: Determine the percentage of the year level per department.

In getting the percentage for each year level, recognize the total number of students in the
department.
1st Year: Accountancy 1st Year:
110 234
𝑃𝐸𝑑(1) = = 0.45 → 45% 𝑃𝐴𝐶𝐶(1) = = 0.65 → 65%
Education 242 361
2nd Year: 2nd Year:

132 127
𝑃𝐸𝑑(2) = = 0.55 → 55% 𝑃𝐴𝐶𝐶(2) = = 0.35 → 35%
242 361
1st Year 1st Year:
159 240
𝑃𝐻𝑆(1) = = 0.61 → 61% 𝑃𝐸𝑁𝐺(1) = = 0.45 → 45%
Health 259 538
Sciences 2nd Year: Engineering 2nd Year:

100 298
𝑃𝐻𝑆(2) = = 0.39 → 39% 𝑃𝐸𝑁𝐺(2) = = 0.55 → 55%
259 538

To determine the percentage of each group, recognize the total number of students
which is 1400.

242 361
PEd = = 0.17 = 17% PACC = = 0.26 = 26%
1400 1400
259 538
PHS = = 0.19 = 19% PENG = = 0.38 = 38%
1400 1400

• Input it on the Table

Year No. of No. of

DEPARTMENT Percentage Sample (n)
Level Sections Students
Education 1 3 110 0.45
2 3 132 0.55
Total 6 242 0.17
Health
1 3 159 0.61
Sciences
2 2 100 0.39

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 Total 5 259 0.19
Accountancy 1 4 234 0.65
2 3 127 0.35
Total 7 361 0.26
Engineering 1 4 240 0.45
2 4 298 0.55
Total 8 538 0.38
TOTAL 26 1000 100%

Step 2: After completing all the percentages, let’s determine the samples per year level per
department based from the given data given data.
1st Year: Accountancy 1st Year:
𝑛𝐸𝑑(1) = 0.45𝑥 219 = 99 𝑛𝐴𝐶𝐶 (1) = 0.65𝑥 336 = 218
Education
2nd Year: 2nd Year:

𝑛𝐸𝑑(2) = 0.55𝑥 219 = 120 𝑛𝐴𝐶𝐶 (2) = 0.35𝑥 336 = 118

Health 1stYear: 1stYear:
Sciences 𝑛𝐻𝑆(1) = 0.61𝑥 245 = 149 Engineering 𝑛𝐸𝑁𝐺(1) = 0.45𝑥 491 = 221
2nd Year: 2nd Year:
𝑛𝐻𝑆(2) = 0.39𝑥 245 = 96 𝑛𝐸𝑁𝐺(2) = 0.55𝑥491 = 270
Department Population (N) Percentage Samples (n)
Education 242 17% 219
Health Sciences 259 19% 245
Accountancy 361 26% 336
Engineering 538 38% 491
Total 1400 100% 1291
For Education we need a total sample of 219, For Health Sciences we need a total sample
of 245, For Accountancy we need a total sample of 336 and Lastly, For Engineering we
need a total sample of 491.
To get the population per year level we need to multiply the percentage of each year level to
the total number of the department.

STATISTICSANDPROBABILITY P a g e 22 | 28

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 Year No. of No. of
DEPARTMENT Percentage Sample (n)
Level Sections Students
Education 1 3 110 0.45 99
2 3 132 0.55 120
Total 6 242 0.17 219
Health
1 3 159 0.61 149
Sciences
2 100 2 0.39 96
Total 5 259 0.19 245
Accountancy 14 234 0.65 218
23 127 0.35 118
Total 7 361 0.26 336
Engineering 14 240 0.45 221
24 298 0.55 270
Total 8 538 0.38 491
TOTAL 26 1000 100% 1291
This table provides the scheme in determining the number of samples from grade
levels grouped per strand.

STATISTICSANDPROBABILITY P a g e 23 | 28

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 GENERALIZATION:

Data collection is the process of gathering data for use in business decision-making,
strategic planning, research and other purposes.

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

Interview Method- The researcher has a direct contact with the respondents or the
participants of the study. The researcher gathers data by asking his respondents series of
question.
Questionnaire Method- The researcher distributes the questionnaire either personal or via email
and collects them by the same process.
Registration Method - This method of collecting data governed by existing law, policies and
regulation.
Experimental Method- This Method of collecting data is used to find out the cause-and-effect
relationship.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

I. Probability Sampling – each member of the population has an equal chance of being
selected as members of the sample
Five Probability Sampling Techniques

Simple Random Sampling is a part of the sampling technique in which each sample has an equal
probability of being chosen. A sample chosen randomly is meant to be an unbiased representation of
the total population.
There are two ways to do a random sampling.
➢ Lottery Sampling / Raffle.
➢ Table of random number

Systematic Sampling is done systematically and it is done by numbering each member of the
population and successively drawn the elements from the population.

Stratified Random Sampling- this method will obtain its sample by dividing the population into its
categories, strata (groups) or sub-population, then we obtain the sample proportionately from each
stratum.
Cluster Sampling- Also called as area sampling because it is used on large population. We
select members of the sample by area and individuals are randomly chosen.
Multi- Stage Sampling- Combination of several sampling techniques, usually used by
researchers who are interested n studying a very large population.
II. Non- Probability Sampling
This is a sampling technique where the researcher draws the sample based on his own
judgement, therefore, the result is biased and not reliable

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 Convenience Sampling - This is being used for its convenience to the researcher. The
research conducts the study at his own convenient time, preferred place or Venue. He
specifies the place and time.
Quota Sampling – A method which the researcher limits the number of his samples based on
the required number of the subject under investigation.
Purposive Sampling- A non-sampling method that the way researchers choose their samples
based on certain criteria and rules that were set by the researchers on their own.
Snowball Sampling- This method will be useful when a member of the sample is chosen
through referral of the other member of the sample.
Modal Instance Sampling – is a method of non-probability sampling where the members of
the sample are selected based n the typical, most frequent observation and modal cases.

SAMPLE SIZE WEB. (It is in excel format, ”SampleSize-web”). You are required to make
use of the template for sample size determination given necessary conditions, level of
confidence, and margin of error or degree of accuracy.

“Sometimes your smallest decisions can make a huge impact”

“It's not about making the right choice.
It's about making a choice and making it right.”
― J.R. Rim

------------------------------------ It’s time to be a ---------------------------------------------

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