CCTV
CCTV (closed-circuit television) is a TV system in which signals are not publicly distributed
but are monitored, primarily for surveillance and security purposes.
Basic Definitions
If you need to calculate the CCTV focal length, you should specify the following parameters:
Distance from Camera – maximum distance from Camera to the target.
Camera Installation Height – Security camera installation height.
Field of View: Height – Height of the target (for example 1.8 m or 6ft for people).
When you select the Field of View(FOV) Height for the camera installation, the
software calculates the camera Tilt.
Field of View: Width – The other option is to specify FOV width instead of the
height. Just enter the desired width of Field of view (viewing area) for the specified
camera distance. If you modify FOV parameters, the Focal Length and the Viewing
Angles will be automatically recalculated. The other option is to specify viewing
angles instead of FOV Width. In this case, FOV and Camera Focal Length will be
calculated automatically.
Camera Sensor Format – CMOS or CCD sensor size (sensor format). You can choose
the sensor format from: 1/2.3″, 1/2.5″, 1/2.7″, 1/2.8″, 1/2.9″, 1/3″, 1/3.6″, 1/1.8″, 1/2″,
1/4″, 1″ and 1.25″. Usually, you can find the sensor format in the camera specification.
A typical value for network camera with Full HD resolution is 1/3 inch.
The resolution in analog CCTV cameras is different from IP cameras since it is determined by the number
of horizontal and vertical television lines (TVL) in an image.
Difference Between CCD and CMOS Sensor:
https://www.spiceworks.com/tech/tech-general/articles/ccd-vs-cmos/
CCD : A charge-coupled device (CCD) is defined as an electronic chip variant
containing a cluster of linked capacitors capable of transferring an electric charge while
being controlled by an external circuit.
CMOS : A complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) is defined as an
electronic chip technology that uses transistors at each photosite to amplify and move
the charge.
Low Noise but less speed than CMOS
1- Camera Types
a- FR Cams
Basic Facial Comparison Working Principles
b- Bullet Cams
c- PTZ Cams
d- TI Cams
e- ANPR Cams
1- Control Room
a- VMS
HCP V2.8, HW req: Intel Xeon Processor E2324G, 3.10GHz 4 Core
b- SAN Storage
2- Copper Ethernet Cables
TIA/EIA 568(A)(B)
Telecommunication Indutry Association
Electronic Industries Allience
3- Types
Cat5 - 100Mhz, 100Mbps, 100mtr
Cat5e - 100Mhz, 1Gbps, 55mtr
Cat6 - 250Mhz, 1Gbps, 100mtr
Cat6A - 500Mhz, 10Gbps, 100mtr
Cat7 - - 600Mhz, 10Gbps, 100mtr GG45 or ARJ-45 Connectors for Cat7 Cables
Cat7A - 1000Mhz, 10Gbps, 100mtr
25Gbps 50mtr, 40Gbps 10mtr
Cat8.1 - 2000Mhz, 25Gbps, 100mtr
40Gbps, 30 mtr
Cat8.2 - 2000Mhz, 40Gbps, 100mtr
https://tripplite.eaton.com/products/ethernet-cable-types#:~:text=Cat5%20cables%20have%20a
%20one,the%20same%20amount%20of%20time.
4- IEEE Standards POE
Institute of electrical and electronic engineering
POE Standards Total Power Usable Power Voltage Current
PoE 802.3af 15.4W 12.95W 44-57V 10-350mA
PoE 802.3at 30W 25W 50-57V 10-600mA
PoE 802.3bt (PoE++) 60W 51W
Type1
(HiPoE)/4PPoE 90W 71W
5- IP Rating
Organization: IEC international electrotechnical commission
IP68 = First number solids, second number liquids
6- Pneumatic & Hydraulic RB
Working Mechanism
Design Criteria:
K4/K8/K12
1500lb veh 30mph, 40, 50 by ministry of state - L1 (20 to 50ft),L2 (3 to20 ft), L3 (<3.3)
ASTM - Americian Society of testing and materials
7- Turnstiles
Types: Glass Flapped, Tripod,
Connection with Biometric Readers
Working Mechanism
Famous Brands
8- UVSS
Basics UVSS Cams Types, Linescan Camera, others, Search it
ANPR, LPR Concepts
Configuration
Popular Brands
9- Access Control System
Designing of ACS system
https://cie-group.com/how-to-av/videos-and-blogs/access-control-system
Fail safe Magnetic Locks- When power off, locks open
Fail Secure Electric Locks- When Power Off, Locks still close,
Virdi AC2100
FRR = False Rejection Rate – Type – I Error - When an authorized subject is treated as unauthorized by reader
FAR = False Acceptance Rate – Type – II Error – When an unauthorized subject is treated as valid by reader
MIFARE cards have a larger memory than RFID cards and they’re much more secure. RFID cards offer less
security than MIFARE cards. The MIFARE RFID card operates at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. The capacity of
these chips can vary from 128 bits to as much as 8 kilobytes of data.
ISO – International Organization of Standardization
IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission
ISO/IEC 18000-3: Air interface for 13.56 MHz Mifare Cards
ISO/IEC 18000-6: Air interface for 860 MHz to 930 MHz UHF
ISO/IEC 14443A / 14443B (13.56 MHz)
ISO/IEC 14443 is a standard that defines the air interface and communication
protocols for proximity cards or smart cards that operate at 13.56 MHz (High
Frequency). Proximity cards are RFID cards that have a read range of up to 10 cm
and can store more data than simple RFID tags. Proximity cards are widely used
for applications such as access control, public transportation, payment, and
identification.
ISO/IEC 15693 (13.56 MHz)
ISO/IEC 15693 is a standard that defines the air interface and communication
protocols for vicinity cards or smart cards that operate at 13.56 MHz (High
Frequency). Vicinity cards are RFID cards that have a read range of up to 1.5
meters and can store more data than simple RFID tags. Vicinity cards are used for
applications such as library management, ski passes, and electronic passports.
10- Networks
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) allocates the IP address and its creation.
Private IP Addresses: Can be used in LAN
Class A: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255,
Class B: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255,
Class C: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
Rest are Public Addresses: Internet Addresses
IPv4 Class IPv4 Start Address IPv4 End Address Usage
A 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 Used for Large Network
B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 Used for Medium Size Network
C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 Used for Local Area Network
D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 Reserved for Multicasting
E 240.0.0.0 255.255.255.254 Study and R&D
Subnetting
https://www.dnsstuff.com/subnet-ip-subnetting-guide
https://www.calculator.net/ip-subnet-calculator.html
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/implementation-of-static-routing-in-cisco-2-router-connections/
In computer networking, multicast is a type of group communication where data transmission is addressed to a
group of destination computers simultaneously.[1] Multicast can be one-to-many or many-to-many distribution.[2]
[3]
Multicast differs from physical layer point-to-multipoint communication.
Broadcast address is an ip need to send msgs to all addresses in a network. It can be obtained by assigning 1’s
to all host bits of the network.
