Network Protocols
1. Introduction
A protocol is a set of rules that define how data is transmitted and received over a network.
Without protocols, computers and devices would not understand each other. Protocols
ensure accuracy, security, and reliability in communication.
2. Common Network Protocols
1. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
○ Used for browsing the web.
○ Works on the application layer.
○ Example: When you open a website, HTTP requests and responses are
used.
2. HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure)
○ Secure version of HTTP (uses encryption like SSL/TLS).
○ Ensures privacy and protection from hackers.
3. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
○ Used for transferring files between computers.
○ Requires a username and password.
4. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
○ Used for sending emails.
5. POP3 (Post Office Protocol v3) & IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)
○ Used for receiving emails.
○ POP3 downloads emails, IMAP syncs emails across devices.
6. DNS (Domain Name System)
○ Converts domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses.
7. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
○ Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices in a network.
8. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
○ Ensures reliable data delivery with error checking.
9. UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
○ Faster, lightweight communication (used in games, streaming).
10.IP (Internet Protocol)
● Responsible for addressing and routing data packets.
3. Importance of Protocols
● Provides standard rules for communication.
● Ensures reliable and secure data transfer.
● Allows different devices and systems to work together.
