Introduction:

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2 for short is the culprit behind the
worldwide outbreak that is referred to as the COVID-19 pandemic. China was the first country to report the
discovery of this novel coronavirus in December 2019 and other nations soon followed [1]. The predominant
respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 infections frequently lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome which in
severe cases can be fatal. The virus appears to affect other organs including the brain according to recent
publications exposing a variety of neurological symptoms linked to COVID-19 infection [2]. The World Health
Organization (WHO) projects that by August 2022 there will have been 590 million COVID-19 cases that have
been confirmed globally with 6 point 4 million deaths. Many nations adopted strict measures including
preventive measures in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Mask laws lockdowns physical isolation in
quarantines and the suspension of non-essential services all had a big impact on the economy and society.
[3].

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted healthcare systems supply chains and peoples mental health [4].
According to preliminary COVID-19 research the population is experiencing higher levels of stress anxiety and
depression. These mental health issues are associated with stressors such as infection fear disruptions to
daily schedules and worries about the impact on the economy [5]. Based on 62 studies a recent meta-analysis
with 162639 participants from the general public and medical professionals found that the average rates of
anxiety and depression at the start of confinement were 33% and 28% respectively [6]. 19 studies from
different countries (Iran Italy Turkey China Spain USA Denmark Nepal and Iran) were included in a systematic
review that looked at how the pandemic affected peoples mental health in general. Significant variations
were observed in mental health problems as evidenced by the rates of depression anxiety and stress which
ranged from 14. 6 percent to 48. 3 percent 63. 3 percent to 50. 9 percent and 8. 1 percent to 81. 9%
respectively [7].

Risk and protective factors are expected to influence pandemic-related mental health outcomes [8]. Things
like mobility limitations being away from family and friends not having enough freedom and worry about the
future can exacerbate negative psychological effects [9]. To further add to psychological distress thinking
about the pandemic media exposure and ingesting false information all play a role [10]. Anxiety and
depressive symptoms were elevated in the population during the 2003 SARS outbreak according to studies
[11]. Factors such as physical isolation being away from loved ones fears of infection financial instability and
uncertainty about the future may have played a role. Having social support during trying times is crucial for
reducing stress. In a study carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic in China Zhang and Ma found that 64. 6
percent of participants said friends provided them with more support and 63. 9 percent said family provided
them with more support. Additionally the study noted that people were expressing themselves more and
being more conscious of their emotions which suggests that these factors helped to lessen the stress that the
pandemic caused [8].

Different population groups are affected differently by the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mental health
with vulnerable people—especially those with pre-existing mental health conditions—feeling emotionally
more strongly than others [12]. People who already have chronic conditions may suffer negative
consequences from lockdowns but its unclear how exactly these effects will affect their mental health. Even
though people who already had mental health issues have reported feeling more depressed and anxious its
unclear if lockdowns have had a worse impact on them. Remarkably one study discovered that individuals
with a history of mental illnesses may have adjusted to lockdowns more successfully because their daily
routines may have been more in line with the demands of a quarantined lifestyle [13]. Another group
susceptible to pandemic-related mental health problems is the healthcare industry. They are more
susceptible to mental health issues than the general population to anxiety depression and burnout because
of their high levels of occupational stress. Research shows that mental health professionals face significant
psychological disorders with stress anxiety and depression levels higher than expected. The estimated
prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among resident physicians is approximately 28. 8% with
figures ranging from 20. 9% to 43. 2% according to a systematic review [14].

The impact of stressful life events like COVID-19 on peoples mental health depends critically on their coping
strategies. The term coping describes the behavioral and mental techniques used to manage stress.
Numerous coping strategies have been identified such as active coping denial substance abuse seeking
emotional support using informational resources self-distraction and changing ones behavior [15].
Rumination denial and self-isolation are examples of emotion-focused coping mechanisms that have been
demonstrated to worsen the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). On the other hand for
people with PTSD problem-focused coping techniques like active coping and getting social support are linked
to positive outcomes [16]. Effective strategies for addressing anxiety depression and loneliness include
practicing yoga making and maintaining consistent routines journaling and creating and maintaining social
connections. Government programs like a website that gives trustworthy COVID-19 information and offers
financial relief options are crucial to these efforts (Hiremath et al. by 2020). Furthermore it is thought to be
vital to incorporate mental health services into disaster management plans [17].

This research identifies a significant knowledge gap about the mental and physical health of COVID-19
patients particularly with regard to their quality of life and related attitudes and behaviors. It seeks to
investigate the pandemics effects on mental health with a focus on anxiety and depression. The study will
also evaluate useful coping mechanisms that help people manage the ongoing difficulties caused by the
pandemic.

Refrences:

1. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic (no date) Who.int. Available at:

2. Vindegaard, N. and Benros, M. E. (2020) “COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences:
Systematic review of the current evidence,” Brain, behavior, and immunity, 89, pp. 531–542. doi:
10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.048.

3. Penninx, B. W. J. H. et al. (2022) “How COVID-19 shaped mental health: from infection to pandemic
effects,” Nature medicine, 28(10), pp. 2027–2037. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-02028-2.

4. Alamri, H. S. et al. (2021) “Mental health of COVID-19 patients—A cross-sectional survey in Saudi Arabia,”
International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(9), p. 4758. doi:
10.3390/ijerph18094758.

5. Samy, A. L. et al. (2021) “Mental health and COVID-19: Policies, guidelines, and initiatives from the Asia-
Pacific region,” Asia-Pacific journal of public health, 33(8), pp. 839–846. doi: 10.1177/10105395211025901.
6. Jané-Llopis, E. et al. (2021) “Mental ill-health during COVID-19 confinement,” BMC psychiatry, 21(1). doi:
10.1186/s12888-021-03191-5.

7. Gasteiger, N. et al. (2021) “Depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a
New Zealand cohort study on mental well-being,” BMJ open, 11(5), p. e045325. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-
045325.

8. Mousoulidou, M. et al. (2021) “The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health: Evidence from
Cyprus,” International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(8), p. 3868. doi:
10.3390/ijerph18083868.

9. Al Dhaheri, A. S. et al. (2021) “Impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life: Is there any effect?
A cross-sectional study of the MENA region,” PloS one, 16(3), p. e0249107. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249107.

10. Znazen, H. et al. (2021) “The relationship between cognitive function, lifestyle behaviours and perception
of stress during the COVID-19 induced confinement: Insights from correlational and mediation analyses,”
International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(6), p. 3194. doi:
10.3390/ijerph18063194.

11. Garre-Olmo, J. et al. (2021) “Changes in lifestyle resulting from confinement due to COVID-19 and
depressive symptomatology: A cross-sectional a population-based study,” Comprehensive psychiatry,
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12. Pan, K.-Y. et al. (2021) “The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with and without
depressive, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorders: a longitudinal study of three Dutch case-control
cohorts,” The lancet. Psychiatry, 8(2), pp. 121–129. doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30491-0.

13. Mangot-Sala, L., Smidt, N. and Liefbroer, A. C. (2023) “Changes in anxiety and depression symptoms
during the Covid-19 lockdown in the Netherlands. The moderating role of pre-existing mental health,
employment situation and alcohol consumption,” Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 58(10), pp.
1561–1571. doi: 10.1007/s00127-023-02480-6.

14. Ren, Z. and Xie, Z. (2022) “Predictors of anxiety and depression in medical professionals during the time of
COVID-19 outbreak,” Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 16(5), pp. 1929–1934. doi:
10.1017/dmp.2021.67.

15. Fluharty, M. et al. (2021) “Coping strategies and mental health trajectories during the first 21 weeks of
COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom,” Social science & medicine (1982), 279(113958), p. 113958. doi:
10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113958.

16. Budimir, S., Probst, T. and Pieh, C. (2021) “Coping strategies and mental health during COVID-19
lockdown,” Journal of mental health (Abingdon, England), 30(2), pp. 156–163. doi:
10.1080/09638237.2021.1875412.
17. Raj, T. and Bajaj, A. (2023) “Living alone in lockdown: Impact on mental health and coping mechanisms
among young working adults,” Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.), 42(4), pp. 2657–2669. doi:
10.1007/s12144-021-01511-2.

Comments:

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