Right Form of Verb

1.​ Subject-Verb Agreement (সাবজেক্ট-ভার্ব এগ্রিমেন্ট)

Basic Rule (মৌলিক নিয়ম): Singular Subject → Singular Verb; Plural Subject → Plural Verb. (একবচন কর্ত া →
একবচন ক্রিয়া; বহুবচন কর্ত া → বহুবচন ক্রিয়া ।)

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○​ Example: He plays cricket .
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○​ They watched a movie .

Third Person Singular (থার্ড পার্সন সিঙ্গু লার): Add '-s' or '-es' to the verb in the present tense. (ভার্বের সাথে '-s' বা
'-es' যোগ হয় ।)

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○​ Example: He goes to school .
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○​ She reads a book .
○​

Collective Nouns (সমষ্টিবাচক বিশেষ্য): Singular verb if a unit; plural verb if individuals. (একক বোঝালে সিঙ্গু লার
ভার্ব; পৃথক বোঝালে প্লুরাল ভার্ব ।)

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○​ Example: The team is united .
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○​ The team are discussing their roles .

Indefinite Pronouns (অনির্দি ষ্ট সর্বনাম): Always singular (e.g., each, every one/ body). (সর্বদা সিঙ্গু লার ।) কিন্তু
Some, Any, None, All, Most এর পরের Noun এর উপর নির্ভ র করে Verb পরিবর্ত ন হয় ।

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○​ Example: Each boy has a book .
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○​ Everybody is here .
○​ Some of the rice is cooked
○​ Some of the students are absents
• One of The থাকলে Verb always singular হয় ।
Example: One of the balls is mine.
• Many a এবং The Number of থাকলে Verb Singular হয় । আর A number of থাকলে Verb Plural হয় ।

Many a man has done this before. The number of the population is suffering from anxiety .

Compound Subjects (যৌগিক কর্ত া):

○​ Joined by 'and' → Plural verb. ('and' দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে → প্লুরাল ভার্ব ।)
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■​ Example: John and Mary are friends .
○​ Joined by 'or'/'nor' → Verb agrees with the closest subject. ('or'/'nor' দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে → নিকটবর্তী সাবজেক্ট
অনুযায়ী ভার্ব ।)
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■​ Example: Neither the students nor the teacher is present .

Intervening Phrases (মধ্যবর্তী বাক্যাং শ): Ignore phrases between subject and verb. (সাবজেক্ট ও ভার্বের মধ্যের
শব্দগুচ্ছকে অগ্রাহ্য করতে হয় ।)

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○​ Example: One of the boys is brave . The
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○​ box of chocolates is empty .

With 'As well as' (যখন 'As well as' থাকে): Verb agrees with the first subject. (প্রথম সাবজেক্ট অনুযায়ী ভার্ব বসে ।)

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○​ Example: The teacher, as well as the students, is going . The
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○​ parents, as well as the child, were happy .

Nouns ending in 's' ('s' যুক্ত বিশেষ্য): Singular verb for subjects like 'news', 'physics'. ('news', 'physics' এর মতো
সাবজেক্টের জন্য সিঙ্গু লার ভার্ব ।)

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○​ Example: News is important .
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○​ Physics is my favorite subject .

More than one: Singular verb. (সিঙ্গু লার ভার্ব বসে ।)

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○​ Example: More than one student was absent .

2.​ Tense Consistency (ক্রিয়ার কালের সামঞ্জস্য)

●​ General Rule (সাধারণ নিয়ম): Maintain one primary tense. (একটি প্রধান কাল বজায় রাখুন ।)
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○​ Example: Correct: The sky darkened, and a rumble announced .
●​ Sequence of Tenses (কালের ক্রম): Past main clause → Past subordinate clause. (প্রধান ক্লজ অতীত কালে হলে →
অধীন ক্লজও অতীত কালে হবে ।)
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○​ Example: He said that he would go .
●​ As if / As though:
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○​ Example (Present + Past): He speaks as though he knew everything .
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○​ Example (Past + Past Perfect): He spoke as though he had known everything .
●​ Since:
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○​ Example (Present + Since + Past): It is years since I wrote you .
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○​ Example (Past + Since + Past Perfect): It was years since we had met last .
●​ Before / After:
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○​ Example: The patient had died before the doctor came . The doctor
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○​ came after the patient had died .
●​ No sooner had...than: Past Perfect in the first part, Past Indefinite in the second. (প্রথম অং শে পাস্ট পারফেক্ট,
দ্বিতীয় অং শে পাস্ট ইনডেফিনিট ।)
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○​ Example: No sooner had he reached the school than the bell rang .
●​ It is high time: Followed by Past Indefinite tense. (এরপর পাস্ট ইনডেফিনিট টেনস বসে ।)
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○​ Example: It is high time we left the place .

3.​ Modals & Auxiliaries (মোডাল ও সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া)

●​ Modals (মোডাল): Modal (can, should, etc.) + Base Verb (V1). (মোডালের পর ভার্বের বেস ফর্ম বসে ।)
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○​ Example: You can leave now . We
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○​ should study hard .
●​ Continuous Tense (চলমান কাল): 'Be' verb (am, is, are, was, were) + V-ing. ('Be' ভার্বের পর ভার্বের সাথে 'ing' যোগ
হয় ।)
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○​ Example: She is reading a book . They
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○​ were playing football .
●​ Perfect Tense (পুরাঘটিত কাল): 'Have' verb (has, have, had) + Past Participle (V3). ('Have' ভার্বের পর ভার্বের পাস্ট
পার্টি সিপল ফর্ম বসে ।)
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○​ Example: He has finished the task . They
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○​ had gone before I came .
●​ Special Phrases (বিশেষ বাক্যাং শ): 'Had better', 'would rather' + Base Verb (V1). ('Had better', 'would rather'
এর পর ভার্বের বেস ফর্ম বসে ।)
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○​ Example: You had better leave now .I
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○​ would rather not go out .
●​ Subjunctive Mood (কল্পনাত্মক ভাব): Use 'were' for wishes/hypothetical situations. (ইচ্ছা বা কাল্পনিক অর্থে 'were'
ব্যবহৃত হয় ।)
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○​ Example: If I were a bird, I would fly .

4.​ Non-Finite Verbs (নন-ফাইনাইট ভার্ব)

●​ To-Infinitive: to + Verb (V1).
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○​ Example: To find fault is easy .
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○​ I want to learn English .
●​ Bare Infinitive: Verb (V1) without 'to'. Used after modals and verbs like 'make', 'let'.
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○​ Example: You can leave now .
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○​ I saw him run .
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○​ Let him go .
●​ Gerund: V-ing. Acts as a noun.
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○​ Example: Reading is fun . He is fond of
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○​ playing chess .
●​ Participle (পার্টি সিপল):
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○​ Present Participle (V-ing): Walking home, I met an old friend .A
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○​ running stream .
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○​ Past Participle (V3): A broken glass .
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○​ Having finished the work, he left .

5.​ Conditional Sentences (শর্ত যুক্ত বাক্য)

●​ Zero Conditional (জিরো কন্ডিশনাল): If + Present, ... Present (Facts).
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○​ Example: If you heat water to 100°C, it boils .
●​ First Conditional (ফার্স্ট কন্ডিশনাল): If + Present, ... Future (Probable).
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○​ Example: If it rains, they will not go out .
●​ Second Conditional (সেকেন্ড কন্ডিশনাল): If + Past, ... would + V1 (Imaginary).
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○​ Example: If I won the lottery, I would build a house .
●​ Third Conditional (থার্ড কন্ডিশনাল): If + Past Perfect, ... would have + V3 (Past hypothetical).
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○​ Example: If I had seen him, I would have given him the message .
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○​ Example (Inversion): Had I seen him, I would have given him the message .

6.​ Active-Passive Voice (বাচ্য পরিবর্ত ন)

●​ Simple Present: Active: Brendon plays cricket.​
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Passive: Cricket is played by Brendon .
●​ Present Continuous: Active: They are making invitation cards.​
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Passive: Invitation cards are being made by them .
●​ Present Perfect: Active: They have completed the work.​
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Passive: The work has been completed by them .
●​ Simple Past: Active: Sidharth played cricket.​
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Passive: Cricket was played by Sidharth .
●​ Past Continuous: Active: My cat was chasing a mouse.​
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Passive: A mouse was being chased by my cat .
●​ Past Perfect: Active: Becky had packed the bags.​
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Passive: The bags had been packed by Becky .
●​ Simple Future: Active: Mira will buy the refreshments.​
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Passive: The refreshments will be bought by Mira .
●​ Future Perfect: Active: Brendon will have played cricket.​
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Passive: Cricket will have been played by Brendon .
●​ Modals: Active: She can eat an apple.​
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Passive: An apple can be eaten by her .
●​ Imperative: Active: Open the door.​
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Passive: Let the door be opened .
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●​ Intransitive Verbs: The baby slept. (No passive form possible) .

7.​ Special Structures (বিশেষ গঠন)

●​ Causative Verbs (প্রযোজক ক্রিয়া):
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○​ Make: She made him laugh .
○​ Get: I got him to fix my car. / I​
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got my car fixed .
○​ Have: I had him repair my car. / I​
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had my car repaired .
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○​ Let: Let him go .
●​ Verbs of Perception (অনুভূতিসূচক ক্রিয়া): see/hear + object + V1 (completed) or V-ing (ongoing).
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○​ Example: I saw him enter the room (completed) .I
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○​ saw him entering the room (ongoing) .
●​ Lest: Followed by 'should' or 'might' + V1.
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○​ Example: He ran fast lest he should miss the train .
●​ Subjunctive (wish/as if):
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○​ Example: I wish I were a king . He behaves
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○​ as if he were mad .