Objectives find the directional derivative
DirectionalDerivative
O
t
is
i I
Y
slopeof tangentline in direction I
directional derivative
f directional derivative in direction I
If f is differentiable then the directional
derivative in the direction of it cosQin tsin 0J is
Dun f f lay cos ft
fy day sin 0
Note about it unit vector I case since
Given J v in tVzj then I
v t VI
Find the directional derivative of f Clay XEM in
the direction of it with 0 215
I
0 f f cos 0 sino
Dun t
fy
Y
cos
25
cos
I I f I e x
y
ex
sin
sing Bz
x2eXTDuif
fy
eMitxyIfIJtx2exYr3z ttfonYdx.Py'Y8
Find the directional derivative of 4 x
fix y fy
in the direction of J 34 4J
O
unit vector it in direction of I
HID 412 5
so I in I length1 V
cos O sin 0
D cos 0 fx sino
t
fy
L
C 2x tf Ey
xtEyL plug in clay it given
Objectives
i
find the gradient of a function
face in
direction direction of
steepest
TheGradient i
s
increase
Det let 2 fix
y such that fx and
fy exist
Then the Tf
gradient is written as or
gradt
and is the vector
Pf Ky f lay fy LX y
Find the gradient of h Ix
y y
cos ex
y at co E
Th x
y thx Clay hyday
gu C D
l
c
y sincx y l cos ex
y ty f sink
ex cos ex
c
y sin y y ty sincx y
0h10 E L
Is sin f Is cos
f E t
Is sin C Is
Lt'S Sin
E cos
Is Is sin Is
reference s
E Bz t E E F Eset
angle Is s
Alternative form of the directional derivative
TheoremC If f is a differentiable function of X and y
then the directional derivative of f in the direction of the
unit vector it is dotproduct
d
Dun f Of I unit vector
the directional derivative of
Compute Hay x cosy
in the direction of T L 2 I
unit vector I I
11TH
L2 I 7
y
j
Es tr
Of L f fy c cosy x
sing 7
Then Dun f Of it fzcosy fsxsiny
ttcaib7 c c d a c t b od Ca scalar
Properties of the of I co o I 01 0 0
gradient p
1 If of 8 then Dun f 0 for all I
2 The direction of maximum increase is Of
The maximum value of Dan f Cky is
H Of H
3 The direction of minimum increase is Of
a what is the direction of steepest increase for
hex y at co ft
cos ex
y y
b What is the maximum value of Dan h at Lo EJ
value of h at co
c Minimum Dan E
prev ex
ex cos ex
Dh x
y
c
y sin y y y sin ex y
Ohio E E
s
Es Iz
the gradient at co
E I
a
cz Ir
b value of steepestincrease 11 0h10 E 11
V 5t
c min value of Dun h lo E H 0h10 E It
VE t
E
t.ITkfErstIFT
Let fix 50 X 2g In which direction
y
should an ant located at u il move it
thay
is the temperature of a hot plate
Level curves of fix y
ant would move in c co c o
c 20
the direction Of 30
C 40
a so
direction of 7
steepest decrease
Of L 2X 4g made in Desmos
µ
Of y t L 2 4
Tty 1 c2
TheoremC If f is differentiable at Xo yo and
f No yo t 8 then Pf Xo yo is normal to the
level curve through Xo yo
also true for 0 f Xo yo Zo and a
level surface through o yo Zo
f
level curve
Of gdieemtiefff.tn
crease
Sketch the level curve corresponding to c o
for the function fix y sinx and find
y
the normal vector at C it o C 215 Bk
C Tz 1 Colo 213 Byz
gradient 1 level curves
so gradient normal vector
is
Level curve at o_O
O
sink
y sinx
i h
inormalvectorsusing
Of L tx fy 7
Tf Cx c cosx 7
y
Pfc T o C cos C it I c cos CT I 7
2
Off Bz L cost I I C cos
EI I 7 L cos I
OH Iz 17
O
1 c c o i
c cos
f Iz I cos
E
Of 0,0 L cos o I C
OH C costs I c
y e
x
x
Putting the properties of the gradient together to
understand the shape of a surface
Sketch the level for
Let Hay X cosy curves
G l o 1 Use several points on these level curves
to compute Of IX y
Level curves graph made in Desmos
c yo 1
C chit
Efi CHE O
wit E
Points co o Co Iz Lbt 4,07 L Z
E
OfLxy ofH y Xcosc
THX C cosy sin
y y
Of 0,0 L cos 0 O Ll O
Of C O Iz CLOSE o co o
Dfl 11 IT cos it 01 sin it c l O 7
Of 1,0 C cos 0 I Sino L l o
Off 2
E L cos
I 2 sin
Is C Z 53 7
Gradient vectors and curves Wolfram Alpha
legal
J
c l c I
c 7
9
c I
J L c I
graph next page
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on
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c
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i c I
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X c I
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c i y I
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surface Gradients
I
i
E l
J c I
I
J l
Functions of three variable sandthegr dient
Find Of Clay 7 for fix y x'ty Yz
note level surfaces c x't y 4z
elliptic paraboloids
Of LX y t L tx fy fz
Then TfCXiy z L2x
2y 4
Q what is the direction of Max increase at Cz I l
Of 2 I l
c 2 L2 ZC Dg 4 7
c4 2
Q what is the direction of steepest decrease at Cy t D
Pf 2 I l
412,470
2
Q what is the value of steepest increase at L2 1 D
Max of Daft I l
11 Of L2 11 H He 4 2 4 H
V42tc z
2
Vl6t4H6
