Optics – Combined Formula List (Class 11 + Class
12)
Class 11 – Optics
1. Reflection of Light
Law of Reflection: θ■ = θ■
Mirror Formula: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v
Magnification: m = h'/h = -v/u
2. Refraction of Light
Snell's Law: n■ sinθ■ = n■ sinθ■
Refractive Index: n = c/v
Relative Refractive Index: n■■ = n■/n■
Lateral Shift: d = [t sin(θ■ - θ■)] / cosθ■
3. Total Internal Reflection (TIR)
Critical Angle: sinC = n■/n■ (n■ > n■)
4. Refraction at Spherical Surface
(n■/v) - (n■/u) = (n■ - n■)/R
5. Lens Formula
1/f = 1/v - 1/u
Magnification: m = h'/h = v/u
6. Lens Maker’s Formula
1/f = (n - 1) (1/R■ - 1/R■)
7. Power of a Lens
P = 100/f (f in cm), P = 1/f (f in m)
8. Combination of Lenses
Lenses in contact: 1/f_eq = 1/f■ + 1/f■
Separated by d: 1/f_eq = 1/f■ + 1/f■ - d/(f■ f■)
9. Prism Formulas
Deviation: δ = i■ + i■ - A
Minimum deviation: n = sin[(A + δ■)/2] / sin(A/2)
10. Optical Instruments (Basic)
Magnifying Glass: M = 1 + D/f
Class 12 – Optics
1. Reflection of Light
Law of Reflection: θ■ = θ■
Mirror Formula: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v
Magnification: m = h'/h = -v/u
2. Refraction of Light
Snell's Law: n■ sinθ■ = n■ sinθ■
Refractive Index: n = c/v
Relative Refractive Index: n■■ = n■/n■
Lateral Shift: d = [t sin(θ■ - θ■)] / cosθ■
3. Total Internal Reflection (TIR)
Critical Angle: sinC = n■/n■ (n■ > n■)
4. Refraction at Spherical Surfaces
(n■/v) - (n■/u) = (n■ - n■)/R
5. Lens Formula
1/f = 1/v - 1/u
Magnification: m = h'/h = v/u
6. Lens Maker’s Formula
1/f = (n - 1) (1/R■ - 1/R■)
7. Combination of Lenses
1/f_eq = 1/f■ + 1/f■ - d/(f■ f■)
8. Power of a Lens
P = 100/f (f in cm), P = 1/f (f in m)
9. Prism Formulas
Deviation: δ = i■ + i■ - A
Minimum deviation: n = sin[(A + δ■)/2] / sin(A/2)
10. Optical Instruments
Simple Microscope: M = 1 + D/f
Compound Microscope: M = (v■/u■) (1 + D/f■)
Astronomical Telescope (Normal): M = -f■/f■
Telescope (Least Distance): M = -(f■/f■) (1 + f■/D)
11. Wave Optics – Interference
Constructive: ∆x = nλ
Destructive: ∆x = (n + 1/2) λ
Fringe Width: β = λD/d
12. Diffraction
Single slit: a sinθ = nλ
13. Polarization
Brewster's Law: n = tan(i■)
