HOSPITAL
MANAGEMENT
Dr. M Ahmed Abdullah
Associate Professor
MBBS, MPH, MCPS, CHPE, PhD
HOSPES
DEFINITION
“A hospital is a residential establishment
which provides short-term and long-term
medical care consisting of observational,
diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative
services for persons suffering or suspected
to be suffering from a disease or injury and
for parturients. It may or may not also
provide services for ambulatory patients on
an out-patient basis”
WHO Expert Committee, 1963 ‘
FUNCTIONS OF A HOSPITAL
Healthcare service delivery
Curative
Preventive
Outreach
Training & Education
Research
Resource concentration
Referral networks
HISTORY OF HOSPITAL
DEVELOPMENT
The word hospital is an Italian word derived
from hospitality meaning to be guest.
It is represented by staff & serpent. Staff
represents patient while the serpent represents
caring off
Hospitals were not always taken in high
esteem.
The initial hospitals were in alms houses in
America, away from the city and were used to
keep the people of infectious diseases.
CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS
Type of services provided
Size or number of beds
Ownership
Duration of stay
ACCORDING TO TYPE OF
SERVICES PROVIDED
General hospitals
The type of hospitals where different specialist services are
provided to both adult and children under the same roof
including Medical, Surgery, Pediatrics Gynae & Obs., Cardiology,
Dermatology, Orthopedic and Ophthalmology etc.
Special hospitals
These hospitals deal with specific category of diseases e.g. Eye
hospital, hospital of cardiac disease, ENT hospital, orthopedic
hospital, kidney centre; or specific group of people e.g. children
hospital, maternity home; or specific disease e.g. T.B Centre,
Leprosy Centre.
ACCORDING TO SIZE OR
NUMBER OF BEDS
Regional/Teaching hospital
These hospitals have more than 500 beds. They are attached to
medical colleges and have all types of specialties and
subspecialties e.g. radiotherapy, neurosurgery. Example of this
type of hospital is Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi &
Mayo Hospital Lahore.
District Hospitals
Provide about fifteen specialties including Medical, Surgery,
Gynae & Obs. , ENT, Eye, anesthesia and dermatology and have a
range of beds from 100-600, example include Civil Hospital,
Thatta, Jacobabad, Attock etc.
Rural Hospital
It has capacity of 20 – 100 beds. It provides medical, surgi-cal &
obstetrical care only, e.g. Rural Health Centre Gharoo, Rural
Health Centre, Murad Memon Goth, Malir.
ACCORDING TO OWNERSHIP
Public Hospital
These hospitals are owned and managed by government and/or
autonomous bodies e.g. Civil Hospital, Sargodha, Pakistan
Institute of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Child Health
etc.
Private Hospital
Owned by private people or entrepreneur, can be further classifi
ed into.
Commercial
Non-profit
ACCORDING TO DURATION
OF STAY
Long duration hospital
Stay more than 30 days as in leprosy centre, orthopedic hospital
etc.
Short duration hospital
Stay less than 30 days as in acute diseases hospital. e.g. Eye
hospital.
FUNCTIONS OF HOSPITALS
a) Preventive & Promotive Care
b) Domiciliary Service
c) Training
d) Research
e) Health Education
f) Curative Care
g) Accident & Emergency Services
CONT.
h) Disaster Management
i) Geriatric Services
j) Physiotherapy
k) Ambulance Services
l) Laboratory Services
m) Social Medical Services
n) Medical Record Keeping
o) Others
HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
Healthcare management,
also referred to as
healthcare administration,
is the administration,
management or oversight
of healthcare systems,
public health systems,
hospitals, entire hospital
networks or other medical
facilities
MANAGER ROLES
Planning.
Forecasting what is needed for the future, setting
objectives for the desired results and develop strategies
and plans to achieve those goals.
It is the first management function and all other
functions depend on it.
Data, knowledge, experience, alternatives, proper
decision making.
CONTD.
Organizing.
Formulating the organization structure that clearly
define the scope of responsibilities, relationships and
lines of authority.
This function is very important to implement the plans
effectively & efficiently.
Staffing
Selecting the personnel to perform the work and placing
them in posts suitable to their knowledge and skills
(Suitable place concept).
CONTD.
Directing.
Includes motivating the subordinates, leading them,
selecting the most effective communication channels and
resolving any arising conflicts.
Controlling
Monitor activities to ensure achieving them as planned,
correcting any significant deviations and rewarding
workers .
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
1- Top managers: responsible for the overall work and
operations (e.g. DG of Hospitals)
2- Middle managers: who manage and coordinate the
work activities of several units (Hospital Director).
3- First line managers: who are directly responsible for
coordinating and managing certain work (e.g. head of
Radiography Dep.).
HOSPITAL MILIEU
Public
Scrutiny
External
Health Customer
Care Environme expectation
Internal
nt
Environme
Environme Customer
demand
nt
nt
PUBLIC SCRUTINY
Quality
Quantity
Time
Expense
CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS
Top service
Stellar results
CUSTOMER DEMANDS
Advancements
New Demands
TRANSITION TO HOSPITAL
MANAGEMENT
Health Care
Self direction
Professional
Hospital
Manager Selfless service
TRANSITION TO HOSPITAL
MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
Health Care Autonomous
Professional control
Circumstantial
Hospital control
Manager
TRANSITION TO HOSPITAL
MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
Health Care Quantitative
Professional outcomes
Hospital Qualitative
outcomes
Manager
TRANSITION TO HOSPITAL
MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
Definitive
Health Care criterias
Professional
Hospital “Grey Areas”
Manager
HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
CHARACTERISTICS
Business Vs. Service
People Intensive
Blend diverse talent into cohesive team
Recognize Attitudes
Set Policies
Provide Exemplary conduct
Hands on approach
Maintain Morale
RESPONSIBILITIES OF
HOSPITAL MANAGER
Creating a positive and productive work culture through
leadership
Setting the standards for excellence in operations
Hiring and ensuring qualified staff
Maintaining high quality in the delivery of patient care
Implement clinical policies and procedures
Administer compliance with hospital policies (State and
Federal rules and regulations)
Developing relationships with the medical community,
referring physicians, and the media
Ensure fiscal performance
