Assignment – 1

Thermal properties of matter

1. Temperature of a gas is 24.57 k. express it on rises to 30°𝐶𝐶, what will be the gain or loss per
Celsius and Fahrenheit scales. day? Coefficient of linear expansion of steel
Ans. = - 415∙ 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒° F is 1.2 × 10−5 °𝐶𝐶 −1.
2. A thermometer has wrong calibration. It reads the Ans. Slow by 5.18 s per day.
melting point of ice as - 10°𝐶𝐶. It reads 60 °𝐶𝐶 in 10. A 50 cm long rod made of material X is joined to
place of 50 °𝐶𝐶. Calcuate the temperature of another rod of same length and diameter (0.3
boiling point of water on this scale? cm) and made of material Y. Calculate the change
Ans. = 130° 𝑪𝑪. in length of this combination when temperature
3. The normal boiling point of liquid oxygen is raised form 30°𝐶𝐶 to 240°𝐶𝐶. Given coefficients
is − 183° 𝐶𝐶. What is the temperature on Kelvin of linear expansion of X and Y are 2.1 ×
scale? 10−5 °𝐶𝐶 −1 and 1.2 × 10−5 °𝐶𝐶 −1 respectively.
Ans. 90 K Ans. 0.346 cm
4. Convert 54.57 K temperature into (i) Celsius and 11. A brass rod of length 40 cm and diameter 2 mm
(ii) Fahrenheit scales. is joined to a steel rod of the same length and
Ans. - 218.43°𝑪𝑪, -361∙17° 𝑭𝑭. diameter at temperature 27°𝐶𝐶. What is the
5. A metal bar measures 50 cm at change in the length of the combined rod at
0°𝐶𝐶 and 50.048 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 at 80° 𝐶𝐶. Find the coefficient 327°𝐶𝐶. given 𝛼𝛼 for steel = 1.2 × 10−5 °𝐶𝐶 −1 and
of linear expansion of the metal. 𝛼𝛼 for brass = 1.9 × 10−5 °𝐶𝐶. Is thermal stress
Ans. = 1.2 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟓𝟓 °𝑪𝑪−𝟏𝟏 developed in the combined rod?
6. A metallic tape 2 metre long is calibrated at a Ans. 0.37 cm
temperature of 21°𝐶𝐶. One day, when the 12. A tooth cavity is filed with a copper having
temperature rose to 32°𝐶𝐶, the length of the steel coefficient of linear expansion, 𝛼𝛼 = 1.7 ×
−5 −1
rod measured by the tape came out to be 1.5 m. 10 °𝐶𝐶 and Bulk module, 𝐵𝐵 = 1.4 × 1011 𝑁𝑁𝑚𝑚−2 .
What is the actual length of the steel rod on that The temperature of the tooth is 37°𝐶𝐶. Calculate
day? Coefficient of linear expansion of the metal the thermal stress developed inside the tooth
of the tape is 1.3 × 10−5 °𝐶𝐶 −1 . cavity when hot milk at temperature of 57°𝐶𝐶 is
Ans. = 1.50021 m ⨆ 1.5 m drunk.
7. A copper plate has an area of 250 cm2 at 0°C. Ans. = 1.428 × 108 N m-2.
Calculate the area of this plate at 60°𝐶𝐶. Given 13. Calculate the increase in the temperature of
coefficient of linear expansion of copper is 1.7 × water which falls from a height of 100 m. Assume
10−5 °𝐶𝐶 −1 . that 90% of the energy due to fall is converted
Ans. = 250.51 cm . 2 into heat and is retained by water.
8. Calculate the change in volume of an iron block Ans. 0.21°𝑪𝑪.
10 cm × 20 cm × 5 cm if its temperature is raised 14. A lead bullet strikes a target with a velocity of 630
from 10°C to 40°𝐶𝐶. Given, coefficient of linear m s-1 and the bullet falls dead. Calculate the rise
expansion of iron = 1.2 × 10-5 °𝐶𝐶 −1 . in temperature of the bullet, assuming that 25%
Ans. 1.08 cm3. of the heat produced is used in heating the bullet.
9. A clock with a steel pendulum has a time period Specific heat of lead = 125.4 J kg-10 C-1.
of 2 S at 20°𝐶𝐶. If the temperature of the clock Ans. = 395.63°C
15. A drilling machine of 5 kW is used to drill a hole Ans. 614.4° 𝑪𝑪
in the block of copper of mass 4.0 kg. Calculate 22. A student eats a dinner rated as 2000 calories. He
the rise in temperature of the block in 5 minutes wishes to do an equivalent amount of work in the
if 75% of the energy is used in heating the block. gymnasium by lifting a 50 kg mass. How many
−1 −1
Given specific heat of copper = 0.385 𝐽𝐽 𝑔𝑔 °𝐶𝐶 . times must he raise the weight to expend this
Ans. = 730.52°𝑪𝑪 much energy? Assume he raised the weight a
16. How much heat is required to convert 10 g of ice distance 2 m each time and that no work is done
at - 5°𝐶𝐶 into steam at 100° 𝐶𝐶. Given specific heat when the weight is dropped to the floor.
of ice 2.1 𝐽𝐽 𝑔𝑔 −1
°𝐶𝐶 −1
, Latent heat of stream 1 Food calorie = 103 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐; 1 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 4.186 𝐽𝐽.
= 2268 𝐽𝐽 𝑔𝑔−1 and latent heat of fusion of ice is Ans. 8.57 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕
336 𝐽𝐽 𝑔𝑔−1 . Specific heat of water = 4.2 𝐽𝐽 𝑔𝑔−1 °𝐶𝐶 −1 . 23. Water at Bhakra Dam falls through a height of
Ans. 30345 J 200 m. If all the energy due to fall is converted
17. A heavy box having a mass of 300 kg is pulled into heat and is retained by the falling water, find
along the floor for 10 m. If the coefficient of the rise in temperature.
sliding friction is 0.2, how much heat is produced? Ans. 0.467°𝑪𝑪
Assume work done in moving the box is converted 24. What will be the rise in temperature of water if
into heat energy. falls from a height of 50 m, assuming that all the
Ans. = 5880 J energy is used in heating the water?
18. How many metres can a 60 kg man climb by using Ans. 0.117°𝑪𝑪
the energy from a slice of bread which produces 25. An automobile 2000 kg is travelling at a speed of
420,000 J heat? Assuming that human body 80 km h-1. Calculate the amount of the heat
works at an efficiency of 28%. developed if the automobile comes to rest
Ans. = 200 m. assuming that 50% of the mechanical energy is
19. A geyser heats water at the rate of 2.0 litre per converted into heat energy.
minute from 27°𝐶𝐶 to 87°𝐶𝐶. The geyser takes the Ans. 2.47 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟓 𝑱𝑱
heat from a gas burner. If the heat of combustion 26. From what height should a piece of ice fall upon
is 5 × 104 𝐽𝐽 𝑔𝑔−1 , then find the rate of combustion the ground so that it is completely melted,
of fuel. assuming all the heat produced remains in ice?
Ans. = 10.08 g min-1 Latent heat of ice = 80 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑔𝑔−1 , 𝐽𝐽 = 4.2 𝐽𝐽 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 −1, g
20. A 0.10 kg steel ball falls on earth from height of = 9.8 N kg-1.
10 m and bounces to a height of 1.0 m. Let all Ans. 34.29 m
the dissipated energy were absorbed by the ball 27. Find the velocity with which a lead bullet having
as heat. Specific heat of steel is 0.12 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑔𝑔 −1
°𝐶𝐶 −1
. initial temperature 27 °𝐶𝐶 should strike a target so
Calculate (i) The work done on the ball? (ii) The that it may just melt. Assuming whole of the heat
rise in temperature of the ball after striking the produced is absorbed by the bullet. Specific heat
ground. 𝑔𝑔 = 10 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 −2 , 1 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 4.2 𝐽𝐽. of bullet = 0.03 kcal kg-1 °𝐶𝐶 -1, latent heat of lead
Ans. (𝐢𝐢) 9.0 J (ii) 0.18°𝑪𝑪 = 6 𝐾𝐾 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘-1, melting point of lead = 327°𝐶𝐶.
21. A 15 g lead bullet travelling at 400 m s-1 is brought (1 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = 4.2 × 103 𝐽𝐽).
to rest when it strikes a target. If all the available Ans. 355 m s-1.
energy is used in heating the bullet, what will be
the change in its temperature? Specific heat of
lead is 0.031 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑔𝑔−1 °𝐶𝐶 −1 , 1 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 4.2 𝐽𝐽.