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SAT Miscellaneous Math Notes

This document provides a comprehensive overview of miscellaneous math topics relevant for the SAT, including formulas for slope, midpoint, distance, permutations, combinations, and sequences. It also covers key concepts in coordinate geometry, counting and probability, Venn diagrams, data interpretation, and trigonometry, along with practice questions and solutions for each section. Final tips emphasize careful consideration of order, replacement, and units in problem-solving.

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15 views2 pages

SAT Miscellaneous Math Notes

This document provides a comprehensive overview of miscellaneous math topics relevant for the SAT, including formulas for slope, midpoint, distance, permutations, combinations, and sequences. It also covers key concepts in coordinate geometry, counting and probability, Venn diagrams, data interpretation, and trigonometry, along with practice questions and solutions for each section. Final tips emphasize careful consideration of order, replacement, and units in problem-solving.

Uploaded by

ironiclegend1ii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SAT Miscellaneous Math Topics — Notes + Practice Questions & Solutions

Quick formula/reference sheet


- Slope: m = (y2 − y1) / (x2 − x1)
- Midpoint: ((x1+x2)/2, (y1+y2)/2)
- Distance: d = sqrt[(x2 − x1)^2 + (y2 − y1)^2]
- Line forms: slope-intercept y = mx + b; point-slope y − y1 = m(x − x1); standard Ax + By = C
- Permutation: P(n,r) = n!/(n−r)!
- Combination: C(n,r) = n!/(r!(n−r)!)
- Arithmetic seq: an = a1 + (n−1)d; sum Sn = n/2(2a1 + (n−1)d) or Sn = n/2(a1 + an)
- Geometric seq: an = a1 * r^(n−1); infinite sum (|r|<1): S_inf = a1/(1−r)
- Basic trig: sin = opp/hyp, cos = adj/hyp, tan = opp/adj
- Two-set inclusion-exclusion: |A ∪ B| = |A| + |B| − |A ∩ B|
- Three-set inclusion-exclusion: |A ∪ B ∪ C| = sum singles − sum pairs + triple

Coordinate Geometry
- Key: slope, distance, midpoint, equation of lines, parallel/perpendicular slopes.
- Strategies: sketch graph, use slope-intercept or point-slope forms, check vertical/horizontal lines.
- Pitfalls: mixing rise/run, not reducing slope.
Practice:
1. Distance between (2, −1) & (−4, 3) → 2√13
2. Midpoint (1,4) & (7, −2) → (4,1)
3. Slope (−3,5) & (2, −10) → −3
4. Perpendicular to y=0.5x+3 through (4,−1) → y=−2x+7
5. x-intercept of 3x+4y=12 → 4

Counting & Probability


- Probability = favorable/total. Complement: P(A) = 1 − P(A^c).
- Independent: P(A and B) = P(A)P(B). Mutually exclusive: cannot both happen.
Practice:
1. C(10,3)=120
2. P(2 aces, no replacement) = 1/221
3. P(≥1 head in 3 flips) = 7/8
4. Arrangements of LEVEL = 30
5. P(sum=7 with 2 dice) = 1/6

Permutations & Combinations


- Perm: order matters. Comb: order doesn’t.
- With repeats: n!/(n1! n2! ...).
Practice:
1. P(8,4)=1680
2. Committees: C(6,3)×C(5,2)=200
3. STATISTICS arrangements: 50,400

Venn Diagrams
- 2-set: |A ∪ B| = |A|+|B|−|A∩B|
- 3-set: inclusion-exclusion formula.
Practice:
1. 80 students, math=50, eng=30, both=20 → neither=20
2. Example: given counts, compute union with formula.

Sequences & Series


- Arithmetic: an = a1+(n−1)d; Sn formulas.
- Geometric: an = a1*r^(n−1); Sn finite/infinite.
Practice:
1. a10=43
2. S20=1010
3. Geom inf sum (8, 1/2) → 16

Data Interpretation
- Mean, median, mode; watch units/scale; weighted average.
Practice:
Mean=7.6, Median=7, Mode=7 for [3,7,7,9,12]

Trigonometry
- SOH-CAH-TOA; Pythagoras; special triangles 45-45-90, 30-60-90.
Practice:
1. Opp to 30° with hyp 10 → 5
2. Legs 6,8 → hyp 10
3. tan=3/4 → sec=5/4

Final tips
- Check order vs no order, replacement vs no replacement.
- Re-check units, scale, avoid overcomplication.

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