CLASS 12: MATHS - INTEGRALS FORMULA SHEET

RESULTS OF SOME STANDARD AND SPECIAL INTEGRALS:

𝑥𝑛+1
1. ∫ 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 =
𝑛
+ 𝐶 [n≠-1]
𝑛+1

2. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
3. ∫ 𝑎𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 𝑥  ∫
𝑓′ (𝑥) ⅆ𝑥
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑓(𝑥)|
𝑎 +𝐶 𝑓(𝑥)
+𝐶
log 𝑎  ∫ 𝑘𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 𝑘∫ 𝑓(𝑥)
⋅ ⅆ𝑥
⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = log|𝑥| + 𝐶
1
4. ∫  ∫ [𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)] ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) ⅆ𝑥 + ∫
𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥

5. ∫ 𝐾 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 𝐾𝑥 + 𝐶
6. ∫ sin 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
7. ∫ cos 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
8. ∫ tan 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = log|sec 𝑥| + 𝐶 (or) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥| + 𝐶
9. ∫ cot 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = log|sin 𝑥| + 𝐶
| |) ( 𝜋 𝑥
10. ∫ sec 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + + or log |tan + )| + 𝐶
log tan 𝑥 𝐶 ( 2
4 𝑥
| |
11. ∫ cosec 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = cosec 𝑥 − + 𝐶 (𝑜𝑟) log | | + 𝐶
log cot 𝑥 tan 2

12. ∫ sec2 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = tan 𝑥 + 𝐶

13. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 + 𝐶
14. ∫ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝐶
15. ∫ cosec 𝑥 cot 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = − cosec 𝑥 + 𝐶
1 −1
16. ∫ 17. ∫
√1−𝑥 √1−𝑥2
2

©Prithvin
⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 𝐶
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 +
⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = cos−1 𝑥 + 𝐶
1
18. ∫
1+𝑥
2
⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = tan−1 𝑥 + 𝐶

©Prithvin
 −1
19. ∫ 2
⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = cot−1 𝑥 + 𝐶
1+𝑥
20. ∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = sec−1 𝑥 + 𝐶
1

𝑥√𝑥2−
1
−1 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = cosec−1 𝑥 + 𝐶
21. ∫
𝑥√𝑥2−
1
1
22. ∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 1
𝑎 + 𝐶
−1 𝑥
= 2 tan
∫ 𝑥 +𝑎1 +𝐶
𝑥
𝑎
−
−1
1
⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = cot
23.
∫ 1𝑎2+𝑥2
⋅ ⅆ𝑥 =
𝑎 𝑎
24. 1 𝑥−𝑎
log | |+𝐶
∫ 𝑥21−𝑎2 2𝑎 𝑥+𝑎
25. 1 =
𝑎+𝑥| + 𝐶
log |
2𝑎 −𝑥2 2𝑎 𝑎−𝑥
1
26. ∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = log|𝑥 + √𝑥2 + 𝑎2| + 𝐶
√𝑥2+𝑎
2

27. ∫
1
⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = log|𝑥 + √𝑥2 − 𝑎2| + 𝐶
√𝑥2−𝑎
𝑥
2
⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 +𝐶
1
28. ∫
𝑎
√𝑎2−𝑥
2
𝑥 𝑎2
29. ∫ √𝑥 + 𝑎 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 =
2 2
√𝑥 + 𝑎 +
2 2
𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 + √𝑥2 + 𝑎2| + 𝐶
2 2

30. ∫ 𝑎2 ⅆ𝑥 = √𝑥2 𝑎2 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 + √𝑥2 𝑎2 |+𝐶

√𝑥2 −
𝑎 2
2
𝑥 2 −1 𝑥
2 2
2 2 𝑎
31. ∫ − ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 − + +𝐶
2

√𝑎 𝑥 = √𝑎 𝑥 𝑎
2 sin
2
©Prithvin
 1
32. ∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 1
𝑎 + 𝐶
−1 𝑥
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐
∫ 𝑥√𝑥2−𝑎 +𝐶
𝑥
1
2 𝑎
−
−1
1
⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = cosec
33.
𝑥√𝑥 −𝑎
2 2 𝑎 𝑎

 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 + 𝐵) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴

𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵

 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝐴 + 𝐵) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠

©Prithvin
INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION:

∫
(𝑎𝑥 + ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 + 𝐶 [n≠-1]
1. (𝑎𝑥+𝑏)𝑛+
1
𝑏 𝑛 =
𝑎(𝑛+1)
1
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 |(𝑎𝑥 +
1
+𝐶
𝑎𝑥+
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑏)|
2.
𝑏
𝑎

∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
1 𝑎𝑥+
+𝐶
𝑒
3.
𝑏
𝑒𝑎𝑥+𝑏 = 𝑎

∫
𝑎
𝑏𝑥+
⋅ ⅆ𝑥 +𝐶
⋅
1
4.

𝑐
= 𝑎𝑏𝑥+𝑐
𝑏 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1
( )
( )
𝑎

∫ 𝑎𝑥 + ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + + 𝐶
5.

sin 𝑏 − cos 𝑏
𝑎
( ( )
)
1
∫ 𝑎𝑥 + ⅆ𝑥 𝑎𝑥 + + 𝐶
cos 𝑏 = sin 𝑏
6.

∫
(𝑎𝑥 + ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 (𝑎𝑥 + + 𝐶
1

sec
2

tan
7.

𝑏) = 𝑎 𝑏)
2
( ) 1
( )
∫ 𝑎𝑥 + ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = co 𝑎𝑥 + + 𝐶
8.

cosec 𝑏 −
𝑎t 𝑏

∫
(𝑎𝑥 + ta (𝑎𝑥 + ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 (𝑎𝑥 + + 𝐶
1

sec sec
9.

𝑏) n 𝑏) = 𝑎 𝑏)
( ) ( ) 1
( )
∫ 𝑎𝑥 + co 𝑎𝑥 + ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = cose 𝑎𝑥 + + 𝐶
10.

cosec 𝑏 t 𝑏 −
𝑎c 𝑏
( ) 1
| ( )| (or) 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)| + 𝐶
∫ ta n 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = −
11.

𝑎
©Prithvin
log cos 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +𝐶 𝑎

12. ∫ (𝑎𝑥 + ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 | (𝑎𝑥 + +𝐶

1

𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑏) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 )|

𝑎 𝑏

INTEGRATION BY PARTS:
ⅆ𝑢
1. ∫ 𝑢 ⋅ 𝑣 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 𝑢∫ 𝑣 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 − ∫ { ⋅ ∫ 𝑣 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥} ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
ⅆ𝑥

2. ∫ 𝑢 ⋅ ⅆ𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 ⅆ𝑢

INTEGRATION OF THE TYPE:

1. ∫ 𝑒𝑥[𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓′(𝑥)] ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) + 𝐶

©Prithvin
INTEGRATION BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS:
𝑝𝑥+𝑞
(𝑥−𝑎) 𝐴 𝐵
(𝑥−𝑏) = + (𝑥−𝑏
1.

(𝑥−𝑎
) )

𝑝𝑥+𝑞 𝐴 𝐵
(𝑥−𝑎) = + (𝑥−𝑎)
2.

2 (𝑥−𝑎
) 2

𝑝𝑥2+𝑞𝑥+𝑟
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
3. (𝑥−𝑎)(𝑥−𝑏)
(𝑥−𝐶) = (𝑥−𝑎 + (𝑥−𝑏 + (𝑥−𝐶
) ) )

𝐴 𝐵
+ (𝑥−𝑎)
𝐶
= (𝑥−𝑎 + (𝑥−𝑏
4.
𝑝𝑥2+𝑞𝑥+𝑟 ) 2 )
(𝑥−𝑎)2(𝑥−𝑏
) 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
𝑝𝑥2+𝑞𝑥+
𝛾
= + + +
(𝑥−𝑎)3(𝑥−𝑏) (𝑥−𝑎) (𝑥−𝑎)2 (𝑥−𝑎)3 (𝑥−𝑏)
5.

𝑝𝑥2+𝑞𝑥+𝑟
𝐵𝑥+𝐶
= (𝑥−𝑎 + 𝑥2+𝑏𝑥+𝐶
6. (𝑥−𝑎) 𝐴
(𝑥2+𝑏𝑥+𝐶) )

PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS:

𝑏 𝑏
1. ∫� 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 =
� ∫ 𝑓(𝑡) ⋅ ⅆ𝑡
𝑏 𝑎
2. ∫� 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = �− ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
� �

𝑏 �𝑐 𝑏
3. ∫� 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑥) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
�
�
𝑎 � 𝑎
( )
4. ∫0 𝑓 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 =0 ∫ 𝑓 𝑎 − 𝑥) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
(
�
� �

𝑏 𝑏
5. ∫� 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 =
� ∫ 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
2𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
6. ∫0 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 =0 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) . ⅆ𝑥 0 + ∫ 𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
� �

𝑎
a) = 2 0∫ 𝑓(𝑥). ⅆ𝑥 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)
©Prithvin
 b) = 0, 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥)
𝑛𝑎 𝑎
7. ∫0 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑛0 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥). ⅆ𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑥)
a a
8. ∫−a f(x). dx =0 ∫ f(x). dx , if f is an even function, i. e. , f(−x) = f(x)
= 0, 𝑖𝑓 f is an odd function, i. e. , f(−x) = −f(x)

©Prithvin