CBSE : Grade 10 2023-24 Board: CBSE

Class - X
DEVELOPMENT
Submitted By : Baishnab Padhee

1. INTRODUCTION :
 Growth  Increase in real national Income/national output
 Economic Development  Improvement in quality of life and living standards, e.g. measures of literacy, life-
expectancy & healthcare
 Different people have different developmental goals
 What is development for one might not be development for another.

2. WHAT DEVELOPMENT PROMISES — DIFFERENT PEOPLE, DIFFERENT GOALS :

Category of Person Developmental Goals / Aspirations

Landless rural labourers More wages, more days of work

Prosperous farmers from Punjab High family Income , higher support prices
Urban unemployed youth Employment

A girl from a rich urban family Gets as much freedom as her brother and is able to decide what she wants to do in
life. She is able to pursue her Studies abroad.

An adivasi from Narmada Valley Improving socio-economic status, education & healthcare facilities

Mixed Goals of Development -

 High Income
 Freedom
 Sense of security
 Equal treatment
 Respect
 Safe working Environment

National Development -
 Capacity of a Country to improve lives of citizens, fulfils aspirations of its people
 Increase in GDP and improvement in standards of health & education
 Participation of all in governance system of the country

3. COMPARE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OR STATES :

 For comparison  Per capita Income/ Average Income is considered= Total income of the country/total population
 World development Report-2019  Classification of Countries on the basis of Per capita income in USD

Rich Countries Low- Income countries

49,300 per annum and above 2500 or less
 India  low middle income countries  per capita income in 2019 was just US$ 6700 per annum

Note: Latest data: New World bank Classification of Countries by Income levels: 2022:2023

Group July 1, 2022 for FY23 (new) July 1, 2021 for FY22 (previous)
Low income <1,085 <1,045
Lower-middle income 1,086 - 4,255 1,046 - 4,095
Upper-middle income 4,256 - 13,205 4,096 - 12,695
High income >13,205 >12,695

Other Indicators of Development -

 Infant Mortality Rate (or IMR)  the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 100
live children born in that particular year
 Literacy Rate  the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group
 Net Attendance Ratio  the total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years attending school as a percentage
of total number of children in the same age group
 Public facilities  money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services  pollution-free environment,
unadulterated medicines
 Proper functioning of Public Distribution System
 Example  Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because it has adequate provision of basic health and educational
facilities.

4. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT  published by UNDP :

 HDI ( Human Development Index)  published in Human Development Report(HDR)

 Components of HDI :
1. Long & Healthy Life  Life Expectancy at birth
2. Educational attainment  Mean years of Schooling and Expected years of schooling
3. A decent standard of living  GNI per capita (PPP USD)

SOME DATA REGARDING INDIA AND ITS NEIGHBOURS FOR 2019

Country Gross National Income Life Expectancy Mean years of Schooling HDI Rank in the World
(GNI) per capita (PPP at birth Aged 25 & above (2018)
USD)
Sri Lanka 12,707 77 10.6 73
India 6,681 69.7 6.5 130
Myanmar 4,961 67.1 5.0 148
Pakistan 5,005 67.3 5.2 154
Nepal 3,457 70.8 5.0 143
Bangladesh 4,976 72.6 6.2 134

Note : Latest data : Human Development Index- 2022- Indian Scenario

 India ranked 132nd with a value of 0.633 among 191 countries and territories on the Human Development Index
(HDI) 2021-22
  India’s neighbours  Sri Lanka (73rd), China (79th), Bangladesh (129th), and Bhutan (127th)  ranked
above India
 Pakistan (161st), Nepal (143rd), and Myanmar (149th) are worse off.
 Switzerland ranked first in HDI 2021 with an HDI value of 0.962
 South Sudan is at the last 191st position with an HDI score of 0.385.

5. SUSTAINABILITY OF DEVELOPMENT :

 Sustainability  “We have not inherited the world from our forefathers  we have borrowed it from our
children.”  Preserving the Nature for Future
 Groundwater  Renewable resource  replenished by nature
 More usage of Crude oil  Less stock left  cannot be replenished
 Non-renewable Fixed stock  cannot be replenished

Example : Exhaustion of Natural Resources

Region/Country Reserves (2017) (Thousand Million Barrels) Number of Years Reserves will last
Middle East 808 70
USA 50 10.5
World 1697 50.2

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