Complete Data Science Roadmap (2025 Edition)
📍 Phase 1: Fundamentals (Month 1–2)
Goal: Build a strong foundation in math, programming, and data basics.
🔢 Math & Stats:
• Linear Algebra: Vectors, matrices
• Statistics: Mean, median, variance, standard deviation, probability
• Probability & Distributions: Normal, binomial, uniform
• Descriptive vs Inferential Statistics
💻 Programming:
• Python (primary language)
• Python Libraries:
• numpy , pandas (data handling)
• matplotlib , seaborn (visualization)
Resources: Khan Academy, W3Schools, freeCodeCamp
📍 Phase 2: Data Wrangling & EDA (Month 3)
Goal: Clean, transform, and analyze data.
🧹 Data Wrangling:
• Handle missing data, duplicates
• Data type conversions
• Feature engineering
📊 Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA):
• Visualizations: histograms, box plots, pair plots
• Correlation, outliers, distributions
• Tools: pandas-profiling , sweetviz
Project: Analyze a Kaggle dataset (Titanic, House Prices, etc.)
📍 Phase 3: Core Machine Learning (Month 4–5)
Goal: Build ML models and evaluate them.
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🤖 ML Concepts:
• Supervised vs Unsupervised Learning
• Algorithms:
• Linear/Logistic Regression
• Decision Trees, Random Forest
• KNN, Naive Bayes
• K-Means, PCA
• Model Evaluation: Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1, Confusion Matrix
🔧 Tools:
• scikit-learn
• xgboost , lightgbm (advanced)
Project: Build classification or regression model using real-world data.
📍 Phase 4: SQL & Data Engineering (Month 6)
Goal: Handle databases and large datasets.
🗃️ SQL:
• SELECT, JOINs, GROUP BY, HAVING, subqueries
• Window functions, CTEs
🧱 Data Engineering Basics:
• CSV, JSON, APIs
• Light ETL using Airflow , Spark , or Pandas
Project: Query a database & visualize results using PowerBI or Tableau
📍 Phase 5: Advanced Topics (Month 7)
Goal: Gain deeper expertise.
🧐 Advanced ML:
• Feature Selection
• Hyperparameter tuning ( GridSearchCV , RandomSearch )
• Cross-validation
• Ensemble methods
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🧒 Deep Learning (Optional):
• Libraries: TensorFlow , Keras , PyTorch
• Basic CNNs & RNNs
Project: Image classifier or sentiment analysis
📍 Phase 6: Real-World Tools & Projects (Month 8–9)
Goal: Prepare for internships and job roles.
🔨 Tools:
• Version Control: Git, GitHub
• Dashboards: Tableau, PowerBI, Streamlit
• Deployment: Flask / FastAPI, Heroku / Render
💼 Real-World Projects:
• Predictive modeling
• NLP project
• Dashboard or BI tool
• Web scraping + analysis
📍 Phase 7: Career Prep (Ongoing)
Goal: Crack internships, jobs, and freelancing gigs.
📄 Resume & LinkedIn:
• Tailored Data Science Resume
• Showcase GitHub, Kaggle, blog (if any)
🧠 Practice:
• Leetcode (DS Algo basics)
• SQL + Stats Interview Questions
• Case Studies + Business Problems
Resources: StrataScratch, Interview Query, Glassdoor
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🗺️ Tools & Platforms Summary
Skill Area Tools/Platforms
Coding Jupyter, VS Code, Colab
Data Analysis Pandas, NumPy, Seaborn
Machine Learning Scikit-learn, XGBoost
SQL MySQL, PostgreSQL
Dashboards Power BI, Tableau
Version Control GitHub
Projects Kaggle, UCI, Google Datasets
Deployment Streamlit, Flask, Heroku
✅ Final Tip
Apply your learning via mini-projects consistently. Employers care more about projects and problem-
solving than certificates.
