1 Number and

calculation
1.1 Irrational numbers
Exercise 1.1 Key words
irrational number
Focus surd
1 Copy this table. Tick (3) the correct boxes.
Number Rational Irrational
36
48
64
84
3
100
2 Look at these numbers:
12.77  −36   27    500   61  − 3 8
12
a Write the irrational numbers.
b Write the integers.
3 Write whether each of these numbers is an integer or a surd.
a 25 b 3
25 c 125
d 3
125 e 225 f 3
225
4 Is each of these numbers rational or irrational? Give a reason for
each answer.

a 3+6 b 3+6 c 64 + 3 64 d 3
8 + 3 19

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1 Number and calculation

Practice
5 a Find 1.52
b Show that 2.25 is a rational number.
c Is 20.25 a rational number? Give a reason for your answer.
d Is 3 1.331 a rational number? Give a reason for your answer.
6 Without using a calculator, show that
a 3< 3
41 < 4 b 9 < 3 800 < 10 c 1.1 < 1.36 < 1.2
7 Without using a calculator, find an irrational number between
a 2 and 3 b 6 and 7 c 1.4 and 1.5
8 Without using a calculator, estimate
a 140 to the nearest integer
b 3
350 to the nearest integer.
9 Arun says:

My calculator shows
27 = 2.086 419 753 and
81
this does not have a
repeating pattern, so 2 7
81
is irrational.

a Is Arun correct? Give a reason for your answer.

b Do you think 2 7 is a rational number? Give a reason for
81
your answer.

Challenge
10 a Use a calculator to show that 2 × 32 is a rational number.
b Find two irrational numbers with a product of
i 6 ii 9 iii 10
11 a Find two irrational numbers with a sum of 5.
b Explain why it is impossible to find two rational numbers with
a sum of 5.
c Is it possible to find two rational numbers with a product of 5?
Give a reason for your answer.

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 1.2 Standard form

12 This Venn diagram shows all the numbers on a number line. B

A is the set of integers. B is the set of rational numbers. A

Copy the diagram and put each of these numbers in the

correct place.
25  5.5  5 5    25    3 25
19
13 a If n = 20, find the value of
i n+2 ii n −2 iii ( n+2 )( n −2 )
b Sofia says:

If n is an integer,
then ( n + 2)( n − 2) is
also an integer.

Is Sofia correct? Give some evidence to support your answer.

1.2 Standard form

Exercise 1.2 Key words
Focus standard form

1 Write these numbers in standard form.

a 2 600 000 b 920 000 000 c 462 000 d 20 800 000
2 Write these numbers in standard form.
a 55 000 b 55 million c 640 million d 406 million
3 These numbers are in standard form. Write each number in full.
a 5.3 × 104 b 5.38 × 107 c 7.11 × 1011 d 1.331 × 108
4 A light year is the distance light travels in one year.
One light year is 9 460 000 000 000 km.
Write this distance in standard form.

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1 Number and calculation

Practice
5 Write these numbers in standard form.
a 0.000 03 b 0.000 000 666
c 0.000 050 5 d 0.000 000 000 48
6 These numbers are in standard form. Write each number in full.
a 1.5 × 10−3 b 1.234 × 10−5
c 7.9 × 10−8 d 9.003 × 10−4
7 Write these numbers in full.
a 8 × 10−6 b 4.82 × 10−7
c 6.1 × 10−5 d 7.007 × 10−8
8 The wavelength of visible light is between 0.000 000 4 m and
0.000 000 8 m.
Write each of these numbers in standard form.
9 Look at these five numbers.
A = 9.8 × 10−7 B = 1.2 × 10−6 C = 3.05 × 10−7
D = 4.81 × 10−6 E = 5.17 × 10−7
Write the numbers in order of size, smallest first.

Challenge
10 The mass of Earth is 5.98 × 1024 kg.
a When you write this mass in full, how many zeros does it have?
1
b The mass of Mars is approximately 10 of the mass of Earth.
Write the mass of Mars in standard form.
11 a Copy and complete this sentence:
6.2 × 107 is times larger than 6.2 × 106.
b How many times larger than 8.5 × 10−3 is 8.5 × 103?
12 These numbers are not in standard form. Write each number in
standard form.
a 45 × 106 b 28 × 108
c 300× 104 d 995 × 107
13 Write each of these numbers in standard form.
a 43 × 10−5 b 125 × 10−8
c 0.7 × 10−5 d 0.08 × 10−7

10

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 1.3 Indices

14 Do these additions. Give your answers in standard form.

a 8.1 × 105 + 9.4 × 105 b 6.7 × 107 + 6.7 × 107
c 3.6 × 10−5 + 2.9 × 10−5 d 2.86 × 10−5 + 8.6 × 10−5

1.3 Indices
Exercise 1.3
Focus
1 Write each number as a fraction.
a 7−1 b 7−2 c 5−3
d 3−4 e 15−2 f 20−2
2 Write these numbers as powers of 4.
1 1
a 4
b 64
c 1
1
d 256 e 256
f 16−1
3 Write each number as a power of 5.
a 0.2 b 25 c 0.04
d 125−1 e 150
4 Find the value of x−3 when
a x=2 b x=3 c x=5 d x = 10

Practice
5 Write the answer to each multiplication as a power of 12.
a 123 × 12 −1 b 12 4 × 12 −5
c 12 −1 × 12 −2 d 12 −4 × 127
6 Write the answer to each multiplication in index form.
a 54 × 5−1 b 4 −3 × 4 −3 c 8−6 × 8
d 155 × 15−5 e 5−6 × 5−6
7 Write the answer to each division as a power of 7.
3 4
a 75 ÷ 7 2 b 7 ÷7
c 7 4 ÷ 7 −2 d 7 −4 ÷ 7 −3

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1 Number and calculation

8 Write the answer to each division in index form.

−5 2
a 123 ÷ 12 −2 b 5 ÷5
c 34 ÷ 38 d 25−3 ÷ 25−4

Challenge
9 Find the value of x in these equations.
a 23 × 2 x = 2 9 b 32 × 3x = 3−2
c 5−3 × 5x = 5−5 d 8x × 8−3 = 8
10 Find the value of y in these equations.
a 32 ÷ 34 = 3 y b 106 ÷ 10 y = 10 2
c 14 2 ÷ 14 y = 14 −4 d 8 y ÷ 83 = 84
11 y = x 0 + x −1 + x −2
Find the value of y when
a x=1 b x=2 c x=3
12 This table shows powers of 11.
112 113 114 115 116
121 1331 14 641 161 051 1 771 561
Use the table to work out the following. Do not use a calculator.
a 121 × 14 641 b 1 771 561 ÷ 14 641 c 121 ÷ 161 051
13 Find the value of x in this equation: 2 × 4 = 2
3 2 x

12

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