1.
2 Standard form
Exercise 1.2
1 Write these numbers in standard form.
a 300 000 b 320 000
c 328 000 d 328 710
2 Write these numbers in standard form.
a 63 000 000 b 488 000 000
c 3 040 000 d 520 000 000 000
3 These numbers are in standard form. Write each number in full.
a 5.4 × 103 b 1.41 × 106
c 2.337 × 1010 d 8.725 × 107
4 Here are the distances of some planets from the Sun.
Write each distance in standard form.
Planet Mercury Mars Uranus
Distance (km) 57 900 000 227 900 000 2 870 000 000
5 Here are the areas of four countries.
Country China Indonesia Russia Kazakhstan
Area (km2) 9.6 × 10 1.9 × 10 1.7 × 10 2.7 × 106
6 6 7
a Which country has the largest area?
b Which country has the smallest area?
c Copy and complete this sentence with a whole number:
The largest country is approximately … times larger than the
smallest country.
6 Write these numbers in standard form.
a 0.000 007 b 0.000 812
c 0.000 066 91 d 0.000 000 205
7 These numbers are in standard form. Write each number in full.
a 1.5 × 10−3 b 1.234 × 10−5
c 7.9 × 10−8 d 9.003 × 10−4
8 The mass of an electron is 9.11 × 10−31 kg.
This is 0.000…911 kg.
a How many zeros are there between the decimal point and the 9?
b Work out the mass of 1 million electrons.
Give the answer in kilograms in standard form.
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1 Number and calculation
9 Here are four numbers:
w = 9.81 × 10−5 x = 2.8 × 10−4 y = 9.091 × 10−5 z = 4 × 10−4
a Which number is the largest?
b Which number is the smallest?
10 a Explain why the number 65 × 104 is not in standard form.
b Write 65 × 104 in standard form.
c Write 48.3 × 106 in standard form.
11 Write these numbers in standard form.
a 15 × 10−3 b 27.3 × 10−4 c 50 × 10−9
12 Do these additions. Write the answers in standard form.
a 2.5 × 106 + 3.6 × 106 b 4.6 × 105 + 1.57 × 105 c 9.2 × 104 + 8.3 × 104
13 Do these additions. Write the answers in standard form.
a 4.5 × 10−6 + 3.1 × 10−6 b 5.12 × 10−5 + 2.9 × 10−5
c 9 × 10−8 + 7 × 10−8
14 a Multiply these numbers by 10. Give each answer in standard
form.
i 7 × 105 ii 3.4 × 106
iii 4.1 × 10−5 iv 1.37 × 10−4
b Generalise your results from part a.
c Describe how to multiply or divide a number in standard
form by 1000.
What are the advantages of writing numbers in standard form?
Summary checklist
I can write large and small numbers in standard form.
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1.3 Indices
1.3 Indices
In this section you will …
• use positive, negative and zero indices
• use index laws for multiplication and division.
This table shows powers of 3.
32 33 34 35 36 Tip
9 27 81 243 729
The index is the
When you move one column to the right, the index increases by 1 and small red number.
the number multiplies by 3.
9 × 3 = 27 27 × 3 = 81 81 × 3 = 243, and so on.
When you move one column to the left, the index decreases by 1 and the
number divides by 3. You can use this fact to extend the table to the left:
3−4 3−3 3−2 3−1 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
1 1 1 1
81 27 9 3 1 3 9 27 81 243 729
9 ÷ 3 = 3 3 ÷ 3 = 1 1 ÷ 3 = 1 1 ÷ 3 = 1 1 ÷ 3 = 1 , and so on. Tip
3 3 9 9 27
You can see from the table that 3 = 3 and 3 = 1. 1 0
30 = 1 seems
Also: 3−1 = 1
3−2 = 12
3−3 = 13 , and so on. strange but it fits
3 3 3
the pattern.
In general, if n is a positive integer then 3− n = 1n . These results are not
3
only true for powers of 3. They apply to any positive integer.
For example: 5−2 = 12 = 1
8−3 = 13 = 1 60 = 1
5 25 8 512
In general, if a and n are positive integers then a0 = 1 and a − n = 1n .
a
Exercise 1.3
1 Write each number as a fraction.
a 4−1 b 2−3 c 9−2
d 6 −3
e 10 −4
f 2−5
2 Here are five numbers: 2−4 3−3 4−2 5−1 60
List the numbers in order of size, smallest first.
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