SRI VASAVI ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Autonomous)

PEDATADEPALLI, TADEPALLIGUDEM-534 101

Department of Computer Science and Engineering (Accredited By NBA)

COMPUTER ENGINEERING WORKSHOP

V20 LAB MANUAL

2021-22
 TASK-1
Identifying the Peripherals of a Computer

Identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its functions. Draw the block
diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each peripheral and submit to your
instructor.
AIM: To identify the peripherals of a computer.

In this section you will know about Internal components of the computer
• The Mother Board
• CPU
• SMPS
• Cabinet
• CPU Heat Sink & Fan
• RAM
• Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
• Floppy Disk Drive (FDD)

The motherboard serves as a single platform to connect all of the parts of a computer
together. It connects the CPU, memory, hard drives, optical drives, video card, sound card, and
other ports and expansion cards directly or via cables. It can be considered as the backbone of a
computer.

CPU(Central Processing Unit)

• Central Processing Unit (CPU) consists of the following features −

• CPU is considered as the brain of the computer.
• CPU performs all types of data processing operations.
• It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program).
• It controls the operation of all parts of the computer.
CPU itself has following three components.
• Memory or Storage Unit
• Control Unit
• ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)

 Memory or Storage Unit

This unit can store instructions, data, and intermediate results. This unit supplies information to
other units of the computer when needed. It is also known as internal storage unit or the main
memory or the primary storage or Random Access Memory (RAM).

 Control Unit
This unit controls the operations of all parts of the computer but does not carry out any actual
data processing operations.

 ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

Function of arithmetic logic unit is to perform arithmetic and logic operations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division comparing, selecting etc.

Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS)

A switched-mode power supply (SMPS) is an electronic circuit in a computer, it is used to supply
power to all the electronic component of computer by converting AC power into the low voltage DC
supply.

Computer Cabinet
A computer cabinet is an enclosure with fitted, fixed or removable side panels and doors. The
cabinet contains a computer rack for mounting computers or other electronic equipment.
Cabinets come in a variety of sizes, colors and styles
CPU Heat Sink & Fan
• Computer cooling is required to remove the waste heat produced by computer
components.
• heatsink with fan clipped onto a microprocessor. heatsinks cooled by airflow with
Computer fans reduces the temperature by actively exhausting hot air.

RAM
• RAM (Random Access Memory) is the internal memory of the CPU for storing data,
program, and program result. It is a read/write memory which stores data until the
machine is working. As soon as the machine is switched off, data is erased.
• The most common types of RAM are SDRAM and DDR for desktop computers
and SODIMM for laptop computers,

Computer - Read Only Memory

ROM stands for Read Only Memory. The memory from which we can only read but
cannot write on it. This type of memory is non-volatile. The information is stored permanently in
such memories during manufacture. A ROM stores such instructions that are required to start a
computer.
Following different types of ROM are as follows:-
MROM (Masked ROM):-The very first ROMs, that contained a pre-programmed set of data or
instructions.

PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory):-PROM is read-only memory that can be

modified only once by a user. The user buys a blank PROM and enters the desired contents using
a PROM program.

EPROM (Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory):-EPROM can be erased by

exposing it to ultra-violet light for a duration of up to 40 minutes. During programming, an
electrical charge is trapped in an insulated gate region.

EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory):-EEPROM is

programmed and erased electrically. It can be erased and reprogrammed about ten thousand
times.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

• A non-volatile storage device used to store digital data on magnetic surface of rigid plate
by using read/write heads.
• Description
• It is secondary storage device. Used to store programs and large data files.
• Standard size is 3.5 inch for desktops and 2.5 inch for laptops

Solid State Drive (SSD)

A solid-state drive (SSD) is a new generation of storage device used in computers. SSDs use
flash-based memory, which is much faster than a traditional mechanical hard disk. Upgrading to
an SSD is one of the best ways to speed up your computer.
Floppy Disk Drive (FDD)
The floppy drive is a piece of computer hardware that reads data from, and writes data to, a
computer.

DVD WRITER
A DVD writer is a piece of computer equipment that we use for copying data from a computer
onto a CD.

LAN(Local Area Network):

LAN cards are hardware devices that can be added to a computer, LAN card is a physical
interface through which the LAN cable plugs into the computer, and is also used to provide
a data link. It is used to sending and receiving of network data.

CMOS Battery
The CMOS is a little bit of RAM that stores all the BIOS information so that each time the
computer restarts or powers on the computer can remember this information. There is a battery
in the motherboard, which is used to power the south bridge and the BIOS to save the setting,
data and time.
ATX Power Connector
ATX power connectors are designed to connect a computer’s power supply to an motherboard

Floppy Cable
A floppy cable is a ribbon cable found in PC's that allow one or more floppy disk drives to be
connected to a computer.

Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)

Accelerated Graphics Port refers to the actual expansion slot on the motherboard that
accepts AGP video cards. This slot is for graphics and 3d gaming purpose. it is always beside the
PCI slots
PORT
• Ports are used to connect input and output devices. they are attached and are available
with motherboard and they are in backside of CPU.

.
PCI SLOT(Peripheral Component Interconnect)
 PCI slots (and their variants) allow you to add expansion (Add-on) cards to a
motherboard like sound card LAN card and TV tuner card.
 The expansion cards increase the machines capabilities beyond what the motherboard
could produce alone, such as: enhanced graphics, expanded sound, increased USB and
hard drive controller, and additional network interface options
BIOS (basic input/output system)
BIOS (basic input/output system) is the program in a personal
computer's microprocessor,uses to get the computer system started after you turn it on. It also
manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as
the hard disk,video adapter, keyboard, mouse and printer.

Socket 478
• The Socket 478 is a CPU socket that utilizes the pin grid array and was used by Intel for
the Pentium 4 and Celeron processors. Intel eventually replaced the Socket 478 with
LGA 775.

CPU Socket:

CPU Socket or Processor Socket. Which is used to install or insert the processor. We
have two types of sockets. LIF sockets and ZIF socket. LIF stands for Low Insertion Force, this
is the old model sockets and ZIF stands for Zero Insertion Force, this is the present model
sockets.

RAM SLOTS
A memory slot, memory socket, or RAM slot allows computer memory (RAM) to be
inserted into the computer. Depending on the motherboard, there may be two to four memory
slots.
SATA Connectors
SATA connectors are also called as Serial ATA connectors. SATA full form is Serial
Advanced Technology Attachment. These are connect with serial ATA devices, such as
Hard disk drives and CD or DVD drives.

North Bridge:
North Bridge is always near the processor socket. which is one of the important
component of a motherboard. It is a focal Point of Motherboard and It is also called as Memory
Controller Hub. North Bridge interconnects Processor socket, RAM slots and AGP slot. Here
Gigabyte chip is north bridge it is near Processor socket.

South Bridge
North bridge and south bridge are the two main poles of a motherboard. South Bridge
interconnects Primary and Secondary IDE interfaces, SATA connectors, Floppy Drive
Connector, PCI slots and BIOS.
 TASK 2
DISASSEMBLE AND ASSEMBLE THE SYSTEM
AIM : To disassemble and assemble the system

Steps for Assembling :

 Installing the Motherboard
 Installing the processor
 Installing the heat sink
 Installing the power supply
 Installing the video card
 Installing the hard disk
 Installing optical drive
 Connecting power to motherboard
 Connections of the output channel

Getting the Cabinet ready :

Check how to open the cabinet and determine where to fix the components. Determine if the
case has appropriate risers installed.

Steps for Assembling :

 CPU
 Motherboard
 RAM
 Heat Sink / Cooler / Fan
 Ribbon cables
 CD-ROM Drive
 Network adapter drive
 Floppy disk drive
 Hard disk
 Screws

Installing the Mother board :

 Open the side doors of the cabinet

 Lay the cabinet on its side
 Put the motherboard in place
 Drive in all the required screws
Installing the Processor :

 Lift the CPU lever on the motherboard

 Place the CPU properly on the motherboard
 Pull down the lever to secure the CPU in place

.
Installing the Heat sink :

 Place the heat sink on the processor

 Put the jacks in place
 Secure the heat sink with the lever

Installing the RAM :

 The RAM must be suitable for motherboard

 Push down the RAM into the slot
 Make sure both the clips hold the RAM properly
Installing the power supply :

 Place the SMPS into the cabinet

 Put the screws in place tightly

Installing the video card :

 Remove the back plate on the cabinet corresponding to the graphics card
 Push the card into the slot
 Secure the card with a screw
 Plug in the power connection from PSU (if required)

High-end graphics cards need dedicated power supply and if your graphics card needs one then
connect the appropriate wire from PSU into the graphics card.
Installing the hard disk :

 Place the hard drive into the bay

 Secure the drive with screws
 Connect the power cable from PSU
 Connect the data cable from motherboard into the drive

Installing optical drive :

 Place the optical drive into the bay

 Drive in the screws
 Connect the power cable and data cable
Connecting power to motherboard :

 Close the side doors of the cabinet and get it upright and place it on the computer table.
Get the rest of the PC components like monitor, keyboard, mouse, speakers etc. which we
will connect now.

Connections of the output channel :

 If the mouse/ keyboard are PS/2 then connect them to PS/2 ports or else use the USB
port.
 Connect the speaker cable in the audio port
 Plug in the power cable from PSU into the UPS
 Also plug in the power cable of the monitor

Final Check :

 Mother board jumper configurations are the settings for the processor operator.
 Drive jumper settings, master/ slave correct
 Are the processors, RAM modules and plug in cards finally seated in their sockets?
 Did you plug all the cables in? Do they all fit really
 Have you frightened all the screws in plug- in cards or fitted the clips
 Have u connected the power cables to all driver
Powering up for the first time :

 Ensure that no wires are touching the CPU heat sink fan.
 Plug in the monitor, mouse and keyboard.
 Plug in the power card and switch the power supply.
 If everything is connected as it should be
1. All system fans should start spinning.
2. We should hear a single beep sound after about 5-10 sec.
3. Amber light on monitor should go green.
4. We will see the computer start to boot with a memory check.
5. Now check front LED’s to see if u plugged them correctly.
6. Check all other buttons.
7. Power afford change any power settings
 TASK-3
MS –WINDOWS INSTALLATION

In order to install your copy of the Windows 10 operating system please make sure to have the
following items:
-Windows 10 Installation disk
-Drivers CD: * Use after installation process if needed.

*NOTE: Please make sure to back up all of your important data before proceeding with this
installation.
Step-1: Connect the Bootable USB flash drive with your PC and reboot it.
Step-2: As soon as your PC boots, press the F11 ( this key will differ from one pc to another )
key to bring up the boot drive selection menu and select the Bootable Windows 10 USB flash
drive. This key will differ from one pc to another, so do a quick Google search to find out the
correct key to bring up the bios boot menu.
Alternatively, you can also go into the bios of your PC and set the Bootable Windows 10 USB
flash drive with the First boot priority.
Step-3: Press any key when you see the “ Press any key to boot from the USB option ”

Step-4: Wait for a few seconds for the files to load.

Step-5: On the Windows Setup page, select your language, time and keyboard preferences.
Then select Next.
Step-6: Click on Install now.

Step-7: Wait for a few seconds for the setup to start.

Step-8: If you have a product key, enter it, otherwise click on Skip.

Step-9: Click the "Accept" box and click Next. This will indicate that you accept the terms of
use.
Step-10: “Which type of installation?” window will appear. Upgrade will be greyed out; the
only option you should be able to choose is Custom (advanced).

Step-11: You can choose to install your Windows 10 system file to a certain partition here.
Step-12: Windows 10 is now installing.

Step-13: Wait for a some more time.

Step-14: Enter a serial key, otherwise click on Do this later to skip this option.

Step-15: Click on Use express settings to use the recommended settings. Alternatively you can
even click on Customize settings to customize the settings.
Step-16: Wait for a few seconds more.

Step-17: Enter a name and password to create your account.

Step-18: Wait for a few seconds more.
Step-19: here you go, you’re finally on Windows 10.
 TASK-4
Storage Devices
Intreprter
An interpreter is a computer program that is used to directly execute program instructions
written using one of the many high-level programming languages.The interpreter transforms
the high-level program into an intermediate language that it then executes, or it could parse
the high-level source code and then performs the commands directly, which is done line by
line or statement by statement.

Assembler
An assembler translates assembly language programs into machine code.The output of an
assembler is called an object file, which contains a combination of machine instructions as
well as the data required to place these instructions in memory.

Linker
Linker is a computer program that links and merges various object files together in order to
make an executable file. All these files might have been compiled by separate assemblers.
The major task of a linker is to search and locate referenced module/routines in a program
and to determine the memory location where these codes will be loaded, making the program
instruction to have absolute references.

Loader
Loader is a part of operating system and is responsible for loading executable files into
memory and execute them. It calculates the size of a program (instructions and data) and
creates memory space for it. It initializes various registers to initiate execution.

Cross-compiler
A compiler that runs on platform (A) and is capable of generating executable code for
platform (B) is called a cross-compiler.
Source-to-source Compiler
A compiler that takes the source code of one programming language and translates it into the
source code of another programming language is called a source-to-source compiler.
 TASK-5
Demonstration of Software and Hardware Troubleshooting

AIM: Hardware troubleshooting

Troubleshoot:-
1. If you hit the power button & nothing happened.
 Check all power connections.
 Check for power on mother board.
2. If the system turns on but does not beep or begin to boot up.
 Remove all components except motherboard/ cpu / mother check by giving
power to them

Computer error beeps codes:

 No beep: short, no power, bad CPU/ MD, loose peripherals.
 One beep: everything is normal & computer posted tax.
 Two beeps: post / CMOS error.
 One long beep One short beep: Motherboard problem.
 One long beep two short beep: video problem.
 One long beep 3 short beeps: video problem. 3 long beeps: keyboard error.
 Repeated long beep: memory error.
Continuous high- low beeps: CPU overheating Experiment no: 1
AIM: Software troubleshooting
PROCEDURE:
Error messages encountered during boot before Windows loads
Ensure that your computer BIOS settings are correctly configured to the hardware that is
installed in your computer
Error messages while windows loading
 If you have recently installed or changed something that could have caused normal
windows to stop loading, try loading the last known good configuration
 If you are unable to get into Normal windows and believe that removing or
uninstalling a program or changing a setting may help enable you to get into
windows, boot the computer into windows XP safe mode
 If your computer has worked fine in the past but recently has been experiencing the
issue you are encountering run the system restore option to restore the computer to an
earlier date Other error messages that occur while windows is loading or after
windows is loaded
1. If error occur but windows still loads , verify no issues or conflict exits in device manager
2. Ensure that if programs are loading automatically that these errors are not associated with
these programs
3. Make sure Windows XP is up to date by checking Microsoft windows update page
4. If your computer has virus protection installed make sure that it is up to date and that no
virus are being detected
5. If your computer has worked fine in the past but recently has been experiencing the issue
you are encountering run the system restore option to restore the computer to an earlier date.
The test consists of various systems with hardware/software troubleshooting related troubles,
Formatted disks without operating systems
Take two motherboards, identify the components and explain the functionality of each
component Given the various components of a computer identify and assemble them
Given a computer, disassemble it.
 Install any OS of choice
 Demonstrate basic Linux commands
 Install application software of choice
 Hardware troubleshooting
 Software troubleshooting
 TASK – 6
PURPOSE: To learn to surf the web
THEORY:
Web browser provides the means to the searching and also helps to download the web
content.
Web browsers support most of the famous Internet Protocols like HTTP,FTP.
Common file formats a browser accepts are HTML
Well known browsers natively support a variety of other formats in addition to HTML
such as JPEG,PNG,GIF image formats
Different web browsers available in the market are:
Netscape
Mozilla
Opera
Safari
Chrome

Bookmark:
Each web browser is built-in with the support of Internet Bookmarks which serve as a named
anchor – primarily to URLs. The primary purpose of this book mark is to easily catalog and
access web pages that the web browser user has visited or plans to visit, without having to
navigate the web to get there.

Pop-up Blockers:
Pop-ups are a form of online advertising on the WWW intended to attract the attention of the
users. These pop ups are hosted on the web sites which are frequently visited by the netizens.
These pop ups are activated when these web sites open a new web browser window and there
by displaying the advertisements.

Plug-ins:
A plug-in is a software component program that interacts with a main application to provide a
better integration of the media. The basic difference between application programs and plug-
ins is that multimedia files are launched in a separate window where as in plug-ins
multimedia play in the browser window.
Few famous plug-ins are:
Apple Quick Time
Macromedia flash
Microsoft Media Player
Adobe Shockwave
Sun Micro systems Java Applet

PROCEDURE:
LAN Proxy Settings:
select tools menu in Internet Explorer
Select Internet Options
Select Connections
You end up in two options
o Dial-up and virtual network settings
o LAN setting
The selection at this step is dependent on the kind of connection you are trying to
configure. They are:
o Dial-up modem connection
o LAN connection
o DSL or Cable modem

PURPOSE: To know what search engines are and how to use the search engines.
A search engine can be defined as a web site with tools which help you to find information on
the internet Function of a search engine You can find anything from a schedule of White
house tours to instructions for removing stains from clothes.

Limitations:
Search engines visit web sites only several weeks. Search engines cannot see information in
other data bases later on.
On the internet a search engine is a coordinated set of programs that includes: A spider
(crawler or bot) that goes to every page or representative pages on every web site that wants
to be searchable and reads it , using hypertext links on each page to discover and read site’s
other pages.
Meta Search Engines:
Meta search engines or “met crawlers” don’t crawl the web themselves. Instead they search
the resources of multiple search engines by sending a search to several search engines at once
aggregating the result.

Pros:
You only need to use one search tool which is time- efficient
You only need to learn how to use one search engine reducing learning curve
You benefit from the difference among several search tools at once

Cons:
Meta search services may not be able to leverage each individual search engines full
range of query tools resulting in less refined searches
You cannot personally select the search engines queried by meta search services.

Viruses and/or worms.

PURPOSE:
To learn various threats on the internet and configure the computer to be safe on the internet.

THEORY
Antivirus software is a program that either comes installed on your computer or that you
purchase and install yourself. It protects your computer against most viruses, worms, Trojan
horses and other unwanted invaders that can make your computer sick.

Firewall: A firewall is a special software or hardware designed to protect a private computer

network from unauthorized access. A firewall is a set of related programs located at a
network gateway server which protects the resources of the private network from users from
other networks.
PROCEDURE:
Installing Symantec antivirus for Windows:
Insert Symantec antivirus CD into your CD drive
Double click on the Symantec-setup.exe
The installer will open
Click next to proceed
 License agreement will open .Click I accept the terms of the license agreement and
then click next.
Follow the instruction on the screen to complete the installation.
Get Computer Updates:
Click start> settings>control panel
Click Automatic Updates icon to open Automatic Updates dialog box
Check the box Keep my computer up to date
Choose a setting
Click OK
Block Pop ups:
In the IE open tools>pop-up blocker
Click on Turn on Pop- up blocker
Windows Firewall:
Go to Start>control panel>Network and Internet Connections>windows firewall
In the general tab check the On(recommended) box
If you don’t want any exceptions check on Don’t allow exceptions box
A test which simulates all of the above tasks would be crafted and given to the students.

TASK - 7
HTML

Introduction to HTML:
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the code that is used to structure a web page and its
content. For example, content could be structured within a set of paragraphs, a list of bulleted
points, or using images and data tables. As the title suggests, this article will give you a basic
understanding of HTML and its functions.
The main parts of our element are as follows:
The opening tag: This consists of the name of the element (in this case, p), wrapped in
opening and closing angle brackets. This states where the element begins or starts to take
effect — in this case where the paragraph begins.
The closing tag: This is the same as the opening tag, except that it includes a forward
slash before the element name. This states where the element ends — in this case where the
paragraph ends. Failing to add a closing tag is one of the standard beginner errors and can
lead to strange results.
The content: This is the content of the element, which in this case, is just text.
The element: The opening tag, the closing tag, and the content together comprise the
element.

Basic Tags
HTML is a fairly straightforward programming language. Each tag starts with a < and ends
with a >. For example the paragraph tag is <p>
There is a range of HTML tags, they help you to design your web page. There are four
required tags in HTML. These are html, title, head and body. The table below shows you the
opening and closing tag, a description and an example.
HTML Tag Description
<html> These are the tags you put at the beginning and end of an HTML file.
This includes information including title, meta tags, content type, links to
<head>
external pages like CSS and JavaScript.
<title> This is the text that goes in the title bar or the browser window.
<body> This contains the contents of the document
<h1>
HTML 5 Tags

Tag Description

<article> This element is used to define an independent piece of content in a

document, that may be a blog, a magazine or a newspaper article.

<audio> It is used to play audio file in HTML.

<canvas> It is used to draw canvas.

<data> It provides machine readable version of its data.

<details> It specifies the additional information or controls required by user.

<dialog> It defines a window or a dialog box.

<figcaption> It is used to define a caption for a <figure> element.

<figure> It defines a self-contained content like photos, diagrams etc.

<footer> It defines a footer for a section.

<header> It defines a header for a section.

<main> It defines the main content of a document.

<mark> It specifies the marked or highlighted content.

<nav> It is used to define the navigation link in the document.

<progress> It specifies the progress of the task.

<section> It defines a section in the document.

<summary> It specifies a visible heading for <detailed> element.

<time> It is used to define a date/time.

<video> It is used to play video file in HTML.

<wbr> It defines a possible line break.

CSS Properties:
Here are some basic CSS properties to work with.
1. Text Properties
2. List Properties
3. Border Properties
4. Font Properties
Text Properties
Property Description Values
color Sets the color of a text RGB, hex, keyword
line-height Sets the distance between lines normal, number, length, %
Increase or decrease the space between
letter-spacing normal, length
characters
text-align Aligns the text in an element left, right, center, justify
text- none, underline, overline, line-
Adds decoration to text
decoration through
text-indent Indents the first line of text in an element length, %
text- none, capitalize, uppercase,
Controls the letters in an element
transform lowercase
List Properties

Property Description Values

Sets all the properties for a list in list-style-type, list-style-position, list-
list-style
one declaration style-image, inherit
list-style- Specifies an image as the list-item
URL, none, inherit
image marker
list-style- Specifies where to place the list-
inside, outside, inherit
position item marker
none, disc, circle, square, decimal,
decimal-leading-zero,
Specifies the type of list-item armenian, georgian, lower-alpha, upper-
list-style-type
marker alpha, lower-greek,
lower-latin, upper-latin, lower-roman,
upper-roman, inherit

Font Properties

Property Description Values

font-style, font-variant, font-weight, font-
Sets all the font properties size/line-height, font-family, caption, icon,
font
in one declaration menu, message-box, small-caption, status-bar,
inherit
Specifies the font family
font-family family-name, generic-family, inherit
for text
Specifies the font size of xx-small, x-small, small, medium, large, x-large,
font-size
text xx-large, smaller, larger, length, %, inherit
Specifies the font style for
font-style normal, italic, oblique, inherit
text
Specifies whether or not a
font-variant text should be displayed in normal, small-caps, inherit
a small-caps font
normal, bold, bolder, lighter,
Specifies the weight of a 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900,
font-weight
font inherit
Careful, many of these are not supported!
Border Properties

Property Description Values

Sets all the border properties
border border-width, border-style, border-color
in one declaration
Sets all the bottom border border-bottom-width, border-bottom-
border-bottom
properties in one declaration style, border-bottom-color
border-bottom- Sets the color of the bottom
border-color
color border
border-bottom- Sets the style of the bottom
border-style
style border
border-bottom- Sets the width of the bottom
border-width
width border
Sets the color of the four color_name, hex_number,
border-color
borders rgb_number, transparent, inherit

Develop your home page using HTML Consisting of your photo, name, address and
education details as a table and your skill set as a list

Aim:- To create a your web page using HTML

Software Requirement: Notepad, Any web browser
Hardware Requirement: Personal computer
CODE:
<html>
<head>
<title> details</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="photo.jpg" height=100 width=100>
<h1> NAME : Radha</h1>
<h1><pre> Address: H.NO.1-241/29, Kukatpally, Hyderabad-500062 </pre></h1>
<h1> Educational Details</h1>
<table border=1>
<tr>
<th>Course </th>
<th>Name of the Institutation</th>
<th>Year of Pass</th>
 <th>Percentage</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M.Tech(CSE)</td><td>SVEC</td> <td>2011</td> <td>81%</td> </tr> <tr>
<td>B.TEch(CSE) </td> <td>CVR Engineering College</td> <td>2009</td> <td>75%</td>
</tr> <<tr> <<td>Intermediate </td> <td>Sri Chaitanya</td> <td>2005</td> <td>89%</td>
</tr> <td>SSC</td> <td>Little Buds High School</td> <td>2003</td> <td>85%</td> </tr>
</table>
<h1>Technical Skills:</h1>
<ul type=disc>
<li>Programming Languages : C, JAVA</li>
<li>OperatingSystems : Windows </li>
<li>DatabaseSystems : Oracle</li>
<li>Web Technologies </ul>
</body>
</html>

Output
 TASK - 8
Demonstration and Practice of various features Microsoft Word

Important Features of Ms-Word

Ms-Word not only supports word processing features but also DTP features. Some of
the important features of Ms-Word are listed below:
I. Using word you can create the document and edit them later, as and when required,
by adding more text, modifying the existing text, deleting/moving some part of it.
II. Changing the size of the margins can reformat complete document or part of text.
III. Font size and type of fonts can also be changed. Page numbers and Header and Footer
can be included.
IV. Spelling can be checked and correction can be made automatically in the entire
document. Word count and other statistics can be generated.
V. Text can be formatted in columnar style as we see in the newspaper. Text boxes can
be made.
VI. Tables can be made and included in the text.
VII. Word also allows the user to mix the graphical pictures with the text. Graphical
pictures can either be created in word itself or can be imported from outside like from
Clip Art Gallery.
VIII. Word also has the facility of macros. Macros can be either attached to some
function/special keys or to a tool bar or to a menu.
IX. It also provides online help of any option.

The Microsoft Office Button:

The Microsoft Office button performs many of the functions that were located in the File
menu of older versions of Word. This button allows you to create a new document, open an
existing document, save or save as, print, send (through email or fax), publish or close.

The Ribbon:
The Ribbon is the panel at the top portion of the document. It has seven tabs:
1) Home
2) Insert
3) Page Layout
 4) References
5) Mailings
6) Review
7) View
Each tab is divided into groups. The groups are logical collections of features designed to
perform functions that you will utilize in developing or editing your Word document.
Commonly used features are displayed on the Ribbon, to view additional features within each
group, click on the arrow at the bottom right of each group.
Each of the tabs contains the following tools:

Home: Clipboard, Fonts, Paragraph, Styles, and Editing.

Insert: Pages, Tables, Illustrations, Links, Header & Footer, Text, and Symbols
Page Layout: Themes, Page Setup, Page Background, Paragraph, Arrange
References: Table of Contents, Footnote, Citation & Bibliography, Captions, Index, and
Table of Authorities
Mailings: Create, Start Mail Merge, Write & Insert Fields, Preview Results, Finish
Review: Proofing, Comments, Tracking, Changes, Compare, Protect
View: Document Views, Show/Hide, Zoom, Window, Macros

Quick Access Toolbar:

The quick access toolbar is a customizable toolbar that contains commands that you
may want to use. You can place the quick access toolbar above or below the ribbon. To
change the location of the quick access toolbar, click on the arrow at the end of the toolbar
and click on Show below the Ribbon.

Create a New Document

 Click the Microsoft Office Button and Click New
 New Document dialog will be displayed
 Select Blank Document and click on Create Butto

Opening an Existing Document:

 Click the Microsoft Office Button and Click Open, or
 Press CTRL+O (Depress the CTRL key while pressing the ―O‖) on the keyboard, or
  If you have recently used the document you can click the Microsoft Office Button
and click the name of the document in the Recent Documents section of the window
Insert picture of recent docs

Saving a Document:
 Click the Microsoft Office Button and Click Save or Save As (remember, if you‘re
sending the document to someone who does not have Office 2007, you will need to
click the Office Button, click Save As, and Click Word 97-2003 Document), or
 Press CTRL+S (Depress the CTRL key while pressing the ―S‖) on the keyboard, or
 Click the File icon on the Quick Access Toolbar

Rename:
To rename a Word document while using the program:
 Click the Office Button and find the file you want to rename.
 Right-click the document name with the mouse and select Rename from the shortcut
menu.
 Type the new name for the file and press the ENTER key.

Close:
To close a document:
 Click the Office Button
 Click Close

Formatting fonts:
Font formatting allows you to Change font style, size, color and a large number of
other features. You can also change the spacing between letters here.

Cell Alignment:
Aligns contents written in a table in the top left corner or top right corner or in the
center etc...
Symbols:
You may not be able to enter certain symbols into your word document, as there is a
limitation on the keys on the key board. Creating these new symbols especially when
working with mathematical terms it becomes very difficult.

Drop Caps:
Drop caps are those giant letters that begin the first paragraph of a chapter or
document. They get your readers attention by standing out and demanding focus.

Aim: Create a project certificate.

Step-1: Launch Ms-Word -> Click on New button

Step-2: Navigate to Paragraph Ribbon. Click in Bottom boarder button.

Click on Boarders & Shading Button
Step-3:Click on Page Border & Select Box shape ,Choose appropriate style ,Click on OK
button

Step-4: Enter the details of certificate , insert image & align center

2. Creating Newsletters in Microsoft Word

This document provides instructions for creating newsletters in Microsoft Word.
Opening Comments
There are several software applications that can be used for creating newsletters,
including applications dedicated to publications, like Microsoft Publisher. However,
simple newsletters can be created in Word, using tools you are already familiar with (or
can quickly become familiar with).

Creating Columns
Newsletters are often formatted into multiple columns.
1. To create columns in Word, on the Page Layout tab, choose Columns. Select the
appropriate number of columns or click More Columns for additional settings,
 including the width of each column and whether you want a line between the
columns.

2. Select the appropriate number of columns or click More Columns for additional
settings, including the width of each column and whether you want a line between
the columns.

3. Your document is then divided into columns, including any text you had already
entered. Note the column space in the ruler.
Column Breaks
As you fill the first column with text, the text will automatically wrap around and into
the next column. However, there may be times when you want to begin entering text into
a column before the previous column is full. In these situations, you can use column
breaks (similar to entering manual page breaks).
Place your cursor where you would like to begin the next column.

On the Page Layout tab, click Breaks. Then select Column.

You can now begin entering text into the next column.

Section Breaks
There may be times when you want only certain parts of the newsletter to be
formatted in columns. For example, your newsletter may have a heading that you would
like to center across the entire page. We divide documents into sections in these situations.
Each section can have different formatting characteristics.
To divide a document into multiple sections, place your cursor where you would like the
next section to begin.

On the Page Layout tab, select Continuous in the Section Breaks area. (Notice that
there are also options for creating a section break that starts on a new page. This is helpful
for when you want to change the page orientation or headers/footers on different pages.)
You can now format one section without altering the format of the next section.
Also, note the status bar will indicate in which section you are working. If the status bar
does not display the sections, you can right-click the status bar and choose Section.
 TASK - 9
Demonstration and Practice of various features Microsoft Excel

Aim: -
Develop a spread sheet to maintain the student marks list using MS Excel. The Features to be
covered are Gridlines, Format cells, manual summation, auto summation, auto fill,
Formatting Text.

Introduction to MS-Excel
Excel is a computerized spreadsheet, which is an important business tool that helps you
report and analyze information. Excel stores spreadsheets in documents called workbooks.
Each workbook is made up of individual worksheets, or sheets. Because all sorts of
calculations can be made in the Excel spreadsheet, it is much more flexible than a paper
spreadsheet. The Excel window has some basic components, such as an Active cell, Column
headings, a Formula bar, a Name box, the mouse pointer, Row headings, Sheet tabs, a Task
Pane, Tab scrolling buttons and Toolbars.
Sample Worksheet

Excel worksheet and workbooks

When you set up calculations in a worksheet, if an entry is changed in a cell, the spreadsheet
will automatically update any calculated values that were based on that entry. When you open
Excel, by default it will open a blank workbook with three blank worksheets. When you save
a workbook, you have a Save As option that can save the spreadsheet to earlier versions of
Excel or to Quattro Pro, Lotus 123 formats, dBase formats, and even to a comma or tab-
delimited textfile.
Identify Excel components

Navigate within worksheet

To navigate within a workbook, you use the arrow keys, Page Up, Page Down, or the Ctrl
key in combination with the arrow keys to make large rmovements.The most direct means
of navigation is with your mouse.
Scroll bars are provided and work as they do in all Windows applications.To move to other
Worksheets, you can:
Click their tab with the mouse
Use the Ctrl key with the Page Up and Page Down keys to move sequentially up or
down through the worksheets.
If you are familiar with Microsoft Access, you will find the tab scrolling buttons for moving
between worksheets to be similar to record browsing on an Access form or datasheet.

Entering data into a worksheet

To enter data, first make the cell in which you want to enter the data active by clicking it.
Enter the data (text, formulas, dates, etc.) into the active cell.
Use the Alt+Enter key combination to enter text on multiple lines within the same cell. Use
TAB key, arrow keys, or ENTER key to navigate among the cells.

Entering Formulas
A formula is a mathematical expression that calculates a value. In Excel, formulas always
begin with an equal sign (=).A formula can consist of one or more arithmetic operators. The
order of precedence is a set of predefined rules that Excel follows to calculate a formula.
Resize worksheet rows and columns
There are a number of methods for altering row height and column width using the mouse or
menus:
Click the dividing line on the column or row, and drag the dividing line to change the width
of the column or Height of the row Double-click the border of a column heading, and the
column will increase in width to match the length of the longest entry in the column Widths
are expressed either in terms of the number of characters or the number of screen pixels.
Identify cell ranges
A group of worksheet cells is known as a cell range, or range.
Working with ranges in a worksheet makes working with the data easier.
Ranges can be adjacent or nonadjacent.
An adjacent range is a single, rectangular block of cells
Select an adjacent range by clicking on a cell and dragging to an opposite corner of a
rectangle of cells
A nonadjacent range is comprised of two or more adjacent ranges that are not
contiguous to each other.
To select a nonadjacent range, begin by selecting an adjacent range, then press and
hold down the Ctrl key as you select other adjacent ranges

Select and move worksheet cells

To select a large area of cells, select the first cell in the range, press and hold the Shift key,
and then click the last cell in the range.
Once you have selected a range of cells, you may move the cells within the worksheet by
clicking and dragging the selection from its current location to its new one.
By pressing and holding the Ctrl key as you drag, Excel will leave the original selection in its
place and paste a copy of the selection in the new location. To move between workbooks,
use the Alt key while dragging the selection.

Insert worksheet rows and columns

You can insert one or many additional rows or columns within a worksheet with just a few
steps using the mouse or menu options. You can insert individual cells within a row or
column and then choose how to displace the existing cells. You can click the Insert menu
and then select row or column, or right click on a row or column heading or a selection of
cells and then choose Insert from the shortcut menu.

Delete worksheet rows and columns

To delete and clear cells, rows, or columns, you can use the Edit menu, or right click on a
heading or a selection of cells and choose Delete from the shortcut menu. Clearing, as
opposed to deleting, does not alter the structure of the worksheet or shift unclear data cells.
What can be confusing about this process is that you can use the Delete key to clear cells, but
it does not remove them from the worksheet as you might expect.

Use undo and redo features

Editing is an intrinsic task in any document, and especially useful are the Undo and Redo
actions. The Undo feature allows you to sequentially back up to a certain action, such as a
delete, a move, an entry, etc. And allows you to reverse those actions.

Redo allows you to reapply actions one step at a time that you have previously undone.
Print as workbook
To print a worksheet, you can use:
A menu
The Print button on the standard toolbar
The Ctrl-P keystroke to initiate a printout of the worksheet

1. Creating A Scheduler

1. Start Excel and open a new, blank workbook.

2. Select the cell range A1:E2, then select Merge & Center in the Alignment group of
the Home tab.

3. Type "WEEKLY SCHEDULE" into A1:E2, change the font size to 18, and
select Middle Align in the Alignment group.

4. Select cells F1:H2, select the Borders drop-down in the Font group of the Home tab,
then select All Borders.
5. Enter "Daily Start Time" into F1; "Time Interval" into G1; and "Starting Date"
into H1. Choose the Select All icon (between 1 and A on the worksheet), then
double-click the line separating any two columns to resize all cells to fit the
contents.

6. Select cell A3 and enter "TIME."

7. Select cell A4 and enter the time you want your schedule to begin. To follow this
example, enter "7:00."
8. In cell A5, enter the next interval you want to list in the schedule. To follow this
example, enter "7:30." Select A4:A5 and drag the fill handle down to fill the time
increments for the rest of the day.

9. In cell B3, enter the day of the week with which you want your schedule to begin.
To follow this example, enter "SUNDAY."

10. Drag the fill handle to the right to automatically fill the remaining days of the week
on the schedule.
11. Select the Select All icon or press Ctrl+A and select Center in the Alignment group
of the Home tab.

12. Select cells A1:H2. Select the Fill Color drop-down from the Font group of the
Home tab and choose a fill color for the selected cells.

13. Choose a unique fill color for each of the following cells or ranges:
A3, B3:H3, A4:A28 (or the range of cells containing times on your worksheet)
B4:H28 (or the range of cells making up the remainder of your schedule)
 14. Select the body of the schedule. Select the Borders drop-down in the Font group
and select All Borders.

15. Save the schedule.

Save the Schedule as a Template

Saving the schedule as a template allows you to reuse it without making a new one each time
or clearing the contents of your existing schedule
1. Select File > Export > Change File Type.

2. Select Template > Save As. The Save As dialog box will open.
3. Open the Custom Office Templates folder.

4. Enter a name for the template and select Save.

5. To use the template in the future, select the Personal tab on the New screen and
select the schedule template. It will open as a new workbook.
2. Calculating Grade Point Average (GPA)
Step-1: Create the table in Excel using the following fields.

Student Grade Credit

S.No name Subjects Grade Credits Points Values

Step-2: Fill the five students data in Excel.

CALCULATING GPA
S.No Student name Subjects Grade Credits Grade Points Credit Values
1 Balu English A 3 4 12
2 Vasu Sanskrit B 3 3 9
3 Srinu Maths A 3 4 12
4 Ramesh Physics A 3 4 12
5 Rakesh Chemsitry B 3 3 9

Step-3: Calculate the GPA in Excel.

Formula: =sum(d2:d6)/sum(e2:d6)
CALCULATING GPA
S.No Student name Subjects Grade Credits Grade Points Credit Values
1 Balu English A 3 4 12
2 Vasu Sanskrit B 3 3 9
3 Srinu Maths A 3 4 12
4 Ramesh Physics A 3 4 12
5 Rakesh Chemsitry B 3 3 9

GPA 3.6
 3. Student marks list
Procedure:
1. Create a spread sheet with the name “studentmarks.xls”
2. Type the headings like S.No. , student name, subjects, total, rank etc… in appropriate
cells. For example S.No. in the cell A1, student name in the cell B1 and soon.
3. Use auto fill function to fill the serial numbers and roll numbers of the student.
I. To use auto fill function we must have to type more than one serial number or
roll number.
II. Auto fill function is applicable on numeric values.
3. Apply format cells, using this we can select the category of the cell, align the text in
the cell, apply font styles, change the font name, size, apply the borders etc…
4. To apply format cells, in home menu select the option format from cells option.
5. Apply the auto sum function by selecting the formula menu; now choose auto sum
option in function library.
6. To do manual summation type the function “=sum (number1,[number2], …)” in
formula bar in the spread sheet. Example=sum(d2,e2,f2)
7. To sort the cells select those cells to be sorted and choose the data menu and select
sorting type from sort &filter.
8. To draw charts like bar chart, pie chart, etc… choose the insert menu and select the
type of chart from charts option.
9. To place the pictures in the spread sheet choose insert menu and select the picture
option from illustrations option.
10. Finally save the spreadsheet.
Example for the student to understand: (student marks list)

Student
S.No English Sanskrit Maths Physics Chemistry Total Average Rank
name
1 Balu 70 80 80 60 70 360 72 2
2 Vasu 50 60 70 80 90 350 70 3
3 Srinu 80 80 90 90 70 410 82 1
4 Ramesh 50 45 35 20 20 170 34 5
5 Rakesh 50 60 70 55 90 325 65 4
 TASK-10
Demonstration and Practice of various features Microsoft Power Point

Introduction to Ms-Power Point

A PowerPoint presentation is a presentation created using Microsoft PowerPoint software.

The presentation is a collection of individual slides that contain information on a topic.
PowerPoint presentations are commonly used in business meetings and for training and
educational purposes. Microsoft PowerPoint is a software product used to perform computer
based presentations. There are various circumstances in which a presentation is made:
teaching a class, introducing a product to sell, explaining an organizational structure, etc. The
preparation and the actual delivery of each are quite different. PowerPoint typically comes
with a set of preloaded themes for you to choose from. These can range from simple color
changes to complete format layouts with accompanying font text. Themes can be applied
through the whole presentation or a single slide. Using the page setup allows you to optimize
the presentation for the display size; for instance, you should use a larger screen ratio when
displaying on a projector compared to a computer screen.

Features
PowerPoint software features and formatting options include a wizard that walks you through
the presentation creation process. Design templates---prepackaged background designs and
font styles that will be applied to all slides in a presentation. When viewing a presentation,
slide progression can be manual, using the computer mouse or keyboard to progress to the
next slide, or slides can be set up to progress after a specified length of time. Slide
introductions and transitions can be added to the slides.

To begin Microsoft PowerPoint, go to Macintosh HD > Applications > Microsoft

PowerPoint. Select PowerPoint Presentation from the Project Gallery if a blank document
does not open.
2. Saving
Computers crash and documents are lost all the time, so it is best to save often. Saving
Initially Before you begin to type, you should save your document. To do this, go to File >
Save As. Microsoft PowerPoint will open a dialog box. where you can specify the new file’s
name and location where you want it saved. Once you have specified a name and a place for
your new file, press the Save button. By default, the format for PowerPoint 2013 is .pptx

3. Ribbons
Microsoft PowerPoint uses several tabs to allow you to modify your document. When you
first open PowerPoint, usually the tabs discussed below will open. If you do not see these
tabs, go to View > Ribbon.
The Menu bar: This is constructed solely of word commands and not icons (pictures). The
Menu bar contains all the options available to you in Microsoft PowerPoint.

On the Ribbon under the Home Tab, contains a text editor and the new slide icon. The Home
Tab contains icons such as Paste, Cut, Copy, Format and Layout

The Insert Tab on the Ribbon toolbar, contains several categories for formatting the design
and elements of your presentation. These include: New Slide, Table, Charts, and Word Art.

4. Home Tab
New Slide to add an additional new slide to your presentation go to the Home Tab > New
Slide. Click the drop down arrow and choose the style of slide you would like to apply.

Slide Layout
To apply a Slide Layout, select the Home Tab > Layout to customize the layout of your
document. From here, you can specify how the content on your slide is displayed. To apply a
layout to your slide click the layout button, and choose your preferred style.
Insert Tab
Pictures To insert a picture into your presentation select Insert > Picture. Choose either to get
the photo from a browser, or from a file and then locate the image that you want to put into
your document and click Insert.

Inserting Slides from a Previously Created File: To insert a slide from another presentation go
to Insert > Slides From > Other Presentation and select the directory or disk where the file is
located Select the slide that you wish to insert into your presentation.
Creating a Table
To create a table within your document, go to the Insert > Table. Choose the desired table
size by typing in the required number of rows and columns and click Ok. The table will be
inserted into document. To navigate within your table, use the arrow keys.

Flowcharts
Flowcharts are used to create diagrams in Microsoft PowerPoint.
To insert a Flowchart in PowerPoint: click Insert Tab > SmartArt. Once the SmartArt button
is expanded, you will have several options to choose from, such as List, Process, Hierarchy,
etc. To insert Shapes, click the Insert Tab > Shapes. SmartArt Shapes will allow you to
manipulate the shapes in Flowchart, as well as in text boxes. To resize the Shapes, simply
click and drag any of the four corners on the object.
Design
The default slide design for Microsoft PowerPoint documents is a blank slide. Therefore, if
you want your slides to have a specific design, you must add one. To do this on a Mac, go to
the Design Tab. To change the theme of your presentation, click on the theme that you like
and it will automatically apply to your slide.

Transition
Adding Transitions Inbetween Slides To add a Transition into your presentation select the
Transitions Tab. You are then given a variety to choose from. i.e., “Fade”.

Duration
Along the right hand side of the Transitions options you will see Duration. This allows you to
modify the Duration of the Transition that is present on the particular slide. This also features
an ability to play a sound and to control whether or not to change to the next slide by “On
Mouse Click”.
 TASK-11
Demonstration and Practice of various features LaTeX – document
preparation, presentation

Importance of latex:
LaTeX is a TeX format written by a computer scientist named Leslie Lamport. LaTeX is
based on the principle that authors should concentrate on logical design rather than visual
design when writing their documents. Thus instead of writing
\vspace{1.5cm}
\begin{centering}
\Large \bf

2. Section Title
\end{centering}

What about spell checking? It's a good point. This is not a deficiency of LaTeX, because it
just processes the words you give it. However, within your text-editor, you do not get fancy
lines highlighting your spelling errors or bad grammar as you type, like you get with Word,
yet it's a feature users have come to expect when writing documents.
Overview of toolbars, saving files and using help and resources:
Latex Toolbar with menu bar:

Latex toolbar contains the following options:

 New
 Open
 Save
 Undo
 Redo
  Cut
 Copy
 Find
 Replace
Creating a document in LaTeX
LATEX is a great tool to create documents. It's based on the 'WYSIWYM' (what you
see is what you mean) idea, meaning you only have to focus on the contents of your
document and the computer will take care of the formatting. With LATEX, it's very easy to
create professional-looking material. This article presents the basics of how to create a
document.
1. Introduction
2. The preamble of a document
3. Displaying the title of your document
4. Basic formatting: abstract, paragraphs and newlines
5. Comments

Introduction
Let's start with the simplest working example:
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
First document. This is a simple example, with no
extra parameters or packages included.
\end{document}
The input file is just a plain text file, with the extension .tex. It will contain code that the
computer interprets to produce a PDF file. The first line of code declares the type of
document, in this case is an article. Then, between the \begin{document}
\end{document} tags you must write the text of your document.

The preamble of a document

In the previous example the text was entered after the \begin{document} command. The part
of your .tex file before this point is called the preamble. In the preamble, you define the type
of document you are writing and the language, load extra packages you will need, and set
several parameters. For instance, a normal document preamble would look like this:
\documentclass[12pt, letterpaper]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

\title{First document}
\author{Hubert Farnsworth \thanks{funded by the Overleaf team}}
\date{February 2014}
Below a detailed description of each line:
\documentclass[12pt, letterpaper]{article}

As said before, this defines the type of document. Some additional parameters inside brackets
and comma-separated can be passed to the command. In the example, the extra parameters set
the font size (12pt) and the paper size (letterpaper). Of course other font sizes (9pt, 11pt,
12pt) can be used, the default size is 10pt. As for the paper size, other possible values are
included A4 and legalpaper. Note that Overleaf uses a European LaTeX distribution, which
produces documents in A4 size by default. See our [Page size and margins]] article for for
information about using the Geometry package to set further formatting parameters.
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

This is the encoding for the document, to allow characters beyond ASCII (e.g. à, ü, č ...) to be
used in the text. It can be omitted or changed to another encoding but utf-8 is recommended.
Unless you specifically need another encoding, or if you are unsure about it, add this line to
the preamble.
The next three lines are self-descriptive. Anyway, you can see a description of what they
actually do in the next section.
Another important parameter that can be passed to the \document class command is two
column if you want your text in a two-column format and two side for two-side paper sheet
printing.

Displaying the title of your document

To display the title of your document you have to declare its components in the preamble and
then use some additional code:
\documentclass[12pt, letterpaper, twoside]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\title{First document}
\author{Hubert Farnsworth \thanks{funded by the Overleaf team}}
\date{February 2014}
\begin{document}
\begin{titlepage}
\maketitle
\end{titlepage}
In this document some extra packages and parameters
were added. There is an encoding package
andpagesize and fontsize parameters.
\end{document}
There is a block with three lines in the preamble that defines the information to be included
on the title page.
\title{First document}
This is the title.
\author{Hubert Farnsworth}
Here you put the name(s) of the author(s) and, as an optional parameter, you can add the next
command:
\thanks{funded by the Overleaf team}
This can be added after the name of the author, inside the braces of the title command. It will
add a superscript and a footnote with the text inside the braces. Useful if you need to thank an
institution in your article.
\date{February 2014}
You can enter the date manually or use the command \today so the date will be updated
automatically at the time you compile your document.
Once you have that in the preamble now in the body of your document you can use the next
commands for the information to be printed.
\begin{titlepage} \end{titlepage}
This declares an environment, a block of code with a specific behaviour depending on its
type. In this case whatever you include in this titlepage environment will appear in the first
page of your document.
\maketitle
This command will print the title, the author and the date in the format shown in the example.
If it's not enclosed in a titlepage environment, it will be shown at the beginning of the
document, above the first line.

Basic formatting: abstract, paragraphs and newlines

Everything included inside the \begin{document} \end{document} commands will be
rendered in the final document.
\documentclass[12pt, letterpaper, twoside]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

\begin{document}
\begin{abstract}
This is a simple paragraph at the beginning of the document. A brief introduction to the main
subject.
\end{abstract}

In this document some extra packages and parameters

were added. There is an encoding package,
andpagesize and fontsize parameters.

This line will start a second paragraph. And I can

break\\ the lines \\ and continue on a new line.

\end{document}

In scientific documents, it's a common practice to include a brief overview of the main
subject of the paper. In LATEX, the abstract environment is for this purpose.
The abstract environment will put the text in a special format at the top of your document.
When writing the contents of your document, if you need to start a new paragraph you must
hit the "Enter" key twice (to insert a double blank line). Notice that paragraphs have a white
space before the first line.
To start a new line without actually starting a new paragraph insert a break line point, this can
be done by \\ (a double backslash as in the example) or the \newline command
Comments
Sometimes it's necessary to add comments to your LATEX code for readability. This is
straightforward, put a % before the comment and LATEX will ignore that text.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}%codification of the document

\usepackage{comment}

%Here begins the body of the document

\begin{document}
This document contains a lot of comments, none of them
will appear here, only this text.

This document contains a lot of comments, none of them

will appear here, only this text.

\begin{comment}
This text won't show up in the compiled pdf
this is just a multi-line comment. Useful
to, for instance, comment out slow-rendering parts
while working on a draft.
\end{comment}

\end{document}
In the last part of the example, you can see a comment environment. This helps in multi-line
comments instead of putting a % at the beginning of each line. For this to work you must add
the next line to your preamble:
\usepackage{comment}
 TASK-12
Tools for converting WORD to PDF and PDF to WORD

Portable Document Format commonly known as PDF was invented with the intention of
making the sharing of documents and files across multiple devices easier.
The idea was to create an immaculate, compact version of the original file that would be
difficult to tamper with during its transition from one device to another. This is one purpose
that it has accomplished with great success.

Step- 1: Navigate to ilovepdf.com

Step-2: Click on Word to PDF icon

Step-3: click on Select WORD files button

Step-4: Select file from local Drive and Click on Convert to PDF button.

Step-5: Click on Download PDF button

 TASK-13
Internet of Things

IoT (Internet of Things):

IoT tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of IoT. Our Internet of Things tutorial is
designed for beginners and professionals.
IoT stands for Internet of Things, which means accessing and controlling daily usable
equipments and devices using Internet.
Our IoT tutorial includes all topics of IoT such as introduction, features, advantage and
disadvantage, ecosystem, decision framework, architecture and domains, biometric, security
camera and door unlock system, devices, etc.

What is an Internet of Things (IoT)

Let's us look closely at our mobile device which contains GPS Tracking, Mobile Gyroscope,
Adaptive brightness, Voice detection, Face detection etc. These components have their own
individual features, but what about if these all communicate with each other to provide a
better environment? For example, the phone brightness is adjusted based on my GPS location
or my direction.
Connecting everyday things embedded with electronics, software, and sensors to internet
enabling to collect and exchange data without human interaction called as the Internet of
Things (IoT).
The term "Things" in the Internet of Things refers to anything and everything in day to day
life which is accessed or connected through the internet.
IoT is an advanced automation and analytics system which deals with artificial intelligence,
sensor, networking, electronic, cloud messaging etc. to deliver complete systems for the
product or services. The system created by IoT has greater transparency, control, and
performance.

As we have a platform such as a cloud that contains all the data through which we connect all
the things around us. For example, a house, where we can connect our home appliances such
as air conditioner, light, etc. through each other and all these things are managed at the same
platform. Since we have a platform, we can connect our car, track its fuel meter, speed level,
and also track the location of the car.

If there is a common platform where all these things can connect to each other would be great
because based on my preference, I can set the room temperature. For example, if I love the
room temperature to to be set at 25 or 26-degree Celsius when I reach back home from my
office, then according to my car location, my AC would start before 10 minutes I arrive at
home. This can be done through the Internet of Things (IoT).

How does Internet of Thing (IoT) Work?

The working of IoT is different for different IoT echo system (architecture). However, the
key concept of there working are similar. The entire working process of IoT starts with the
device themselves, such as smartphones, digital watches, electronic appliances, which
securely communicate with the IoT platform. The platforms collect and analyze the data from
all multiple devices and platforms and transfer the most valuable data with applications to
devices.
Features of IOT
The most important features of IoT on which it works are connectivity, analyzing,
integrating, active engagement, and many more. Some of them are listed below:
Connectivity:
Connectivity refers to establish a proper connection between all the things of IoT to IoT
platform it may be server or cloud. After connecting the IoT devices, it needs a high speed
messaging between the devices and cloud to enable reliable, secure and bi-directional
communication.
Analyzing:
After connecting all the relevant things, it comes to real-time analyzing the data collected and
use them to build effective business intelligence. If we have a good insight into data gathered
from all these things, then we call our system has a smart system.
Integrating:
IoT integrating the various models to improve the user experience as well.
Artificial Intelligence:
IoT makes things smart and enhances life through the use of data. For example, if we have a
coffee machine whose beans have going to end, then the coffee machine itself order the
coffee beans of your choice from the retailer.
Sensing:
The sensor devices used in IoT technologies detect and measure any change in the
environment and report on their status. IoT technology brings passive networks to active
networks. Without sensors, there could not hold an effective or true IoT environment.
Active Engagement:
IoT makes the connected technology, product, or services to active engagement between each
other.
Endpoint Management:
It is important to be the endpoint management of all the IoT system otherwise, it makes the
complete failure of the system. For example, if a coffee machine itself order the coffee beans
when it goes to end but what happens when it orders the beans from a retailer and we are not
present at home for a few days, it leads to the failure of the IoT system. So, there must be a
need for endpoint management.