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Unit 2 QA Assignment BCA

The document contains a series of 20 questions and answers related to determinants and matrices, designed for a B.C.A. 1st semester elementary mathematics course. Topics covered include calculating determinants, minors, cofactors, properties of matrices, matrix operations, and concepts such as eigenvalues and the Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Each question is followed by a concise answer, providing essential mathematical definitions and examples.

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7 views3 pages

Unit 2 QA Assignment BCA

The document contains a series of 20 questions and answers related to determinants and matrices, designed for a B.C.A. 1st semester elementary mathematics course. Topics covered include calculating determinants, minors, cofactors, properties of matrices, matrix operations, and concepts such as eigenvalues and the Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Each question is followed by a concise answer, providing essential mathematical definitions and examples.

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Tank
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Unit 2 – Determinants and Matrices

Elementary Mathematics – B.C.A. 1st


Semester
Total Questions: 20
Format: Question-Answer

1. 1. Q: Find the determinant of the matrix:


|2 4|
|3 5|

A: Determinant = (2×5) – (4×3) = 10 – 12 = –2

2. 2. Q: Find the minor of element a₁₁ in matrix:


|1 2 3|
|4 5 6|
|7 8 9|

A: Minor of a₁₁ = (5×9) – (6×8) = –3

3. 3. Q: Find the cofactor of a₁₂ in the above matrix.

A: Cofactor = (–1)^(1+2) × |4 6; 7 9| = –1 × (36 – 42) = 6

4. 4. Q: State any two properties of determinants.

A:
1. If two rows or columns are identical, determinant = 0.
2. Swapping rows or columns changes the sign of the determinant.

5. 5. Q: Define a square matrix with example.

A: A matrix with equal number of rows and columns.


Example:
|1 2|
|3 4|

6. 6. Q: What is a diagonal matrix?

A: A square matrix with all off-diagonal elements zero.


Example:
|5 0 0|
|0 3 0|
|0 0 1|

7. 7. Q: Define row matrix and column matrix.

A:
- Row matrix: A matrix with one row. Example: [1 2 3]
- Column matrix: A matrix with one column. Example: [1; 2; 3]

8. 8. Q: Perform scalar multiplication: 3 × |1 2; 3 4|

A:
|3 6|
|9 12|

9. 9. Q: Add matrices A = |1 2| and B = |3 4|

A: A + B = |4 6|

10. 10. Q: Subtract B from A (same matrices as Q9).

A: A – B = |–2 –2|

11. 11. Q: Multiply matrices A = [1 2], B = [3; 4]

A: A × B = (1×3 + 2×4) = 11 ⇒ Result: [11]

12. 12. Q: Find the transpose of matrix:


|1 2 3|
|4 5 6|

A:
Transpose =
|1 4|
|2 5|
|3 6|

13. 13. Q: Find the inverse of matrix A = |1 2; 3 4|

A: Determinant = –2
Inverse = (1/–2) × |4 –2; –3 1| = |–2 1; 1.5 –0.5|

14. 14. Q: Define the rank of a matrix.

A: The maximum number of linearly independent rows or columns in a matrix.

15. 15. Q: Check if vectors [1 2 3] and [2 4 6] are linearly dependent.

A: Yes, because [2 4 6] = 2 × [1 2 3] ⇒ Linearly dependent


16. 16. Q: Define eigenvalue and eigenvector.

A: If A·v = λ·v, then λ is an eigenvalue and v is the corresponding eigenvector.

17. 17. Q: Find eigenvalues of matrix A = |2 0; 0 3|

A: Eigenvalues = 2 and 3

18. 18. Q: State Cayley-Hamilton Theorem.

A: Every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation.

19. 19. Q: If A = I (Identity matrix), verify if A² = A.

A: A² = A × A = A ⇒ Verified ✅

20. 20. Q: Find the determinant of 3×3 matrix:


|1 0 2|
|0 3 0|
|4 0 1|

A: = 1×(3×1 – 0×0) – 0 + 2×(0 – 12) = 3 – 24 = –21

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