Ch 1
Q#}Definition: Tacheometric is a branch of surveying in which both
horizontal and vertical distances are measured without the use of a chain or
tape.
*Advantages of Tacheometry
1)The method is suitable in rough terrains where Chalning is difficult or
impossible.
2)It can also be used for checking measurements taken by a tape and other
means.
Q#}Limitations of Tacheometry
1) Less accurate method and chaining is completely eliminated.
2) This method is not suitable for precise survey.
3) It has been recommended that error in single horizontal distance should
be in 1 in 500.
Q#}Principle of Stadia Tacheometry
1)Tacheometry is based on the principle known as stadia surveying.
2)The term ‘Stadia’ comes from the stadia diaphragm which has three
horizontal cross hairs .
3)The readings on a staff are taken against all the three cross hairs in
tacheometry.
4) It is clear from the fact the triangles shown in figure are isosceles and
Similar.
Q#}State the essential characteristics of Tacheometer
1)The instrument used in tacheometry is a theodolite fitted with a Stadia
diaphragm or a tachometer.
2)A tachometer is similar to a theodolite but has some special features.
3)The following are some of the features necessary in a tachometer
A) The telescope should be truly anallatic.
B) The multiplying constant should be 100 and the additive constant zer
Q#}Classification of Drones
Nano Drones ,Micro Drones ,Small Drones ,Medium Drones
Q#}Principles of Aerial Surveying
Remote Sensing ,Georeferencing ,Data Capture: ,Data processing ,Output
Generation
Q#}Explain in brief fixed hair method.
There are two basic methods of tacheometry
(1)Stadia method
It is most there are commonly used there are two forms of stadia method.
(a) Fixed hair stadia method: In this method the distance between the stadia
hairs is kept constant. The Intercept Varies as the distance varies
(b) Movable hair method: This method uses a special diaphragm that enables
us to change the distance between the cross hairs. The intercept is kept
constant even through the distance varies.
(II) Tangential method
In the tangential method, vertical angles are measured from the central
cross hair and distance are calculated using trigonometric formulae
Q#}Errors in Tacheometry
The errors in Tacheometry can be classified as(1)Instrumental Errror(2)Errors
due to manipulation and sighting(3)Errors due to natural causes
Ch 5
Q#}Aerial Surveying:
Aerial surveying is a method of collecting geospatial data using airborne
platforms, such as airplanes, helicopters, drones, or satellites.
(Photography,Lidar,Multispectral,GPS,GNSS, Photogrammetry)
Q#}Uses of Aerial Surveying
Cartography and Mapping, Urban and Regional Planning
Environmental Monitoring and Management, Agriculture,
Geology and Mining, Archaeology.
Q#}Key Aspects of Photogrammetry
Image Acquisition ,Measurement and Analysis,Output Products.
{Ch=4}Definition: Remote sensing is defined as science and art of collecting
information about object, area or phenomena from distance without being in
physical contact with them.
Q#}Classification of Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing are classified into two categories
1. Passive remote sensing
It uses sun as a source of electromagnetic energy and records the energy
that is naturally radiated or reflected from the objects.
2. Active remote sensing
It uses its own source of electromagnetic energy, which is directed towards
the object and return energy is measured.
Q#}Use of GPS
Location,Mapping,Timing,Tracking, Navigation
Q#}Construction of GPS
GPS receivers,GPS transmitters,GPS antennas, GPS data loggers
Q#}Components of GIS
Hardware,Software,Expertise,Spatial Information, Non spatial information
Q#}Software’s for GIS
(ARC/INFO GIS)(PAMAP GIS)(SPANS)(GENAMAP)(INTERGRAPH MGE)
