Identify key words: from the material of Unit 1, you must extract the key words, that is,

those that appear several times in the paragraph or the reading or are important to the topic
maximum 7 words and minimum 5 words.

Observation
2. Scientific
3. Technique
4. Research
5. Methods

Define keywords: to each selected word in the identification, you will give a meaning,
according to your own understanding and then look it up in the dictionary and write the query made in it.

1. Observation
Method where it can be applied for data collection.
Definition: It is the basic research technique on which all of them are based.
besides, since it establishes the basic relationship between the observing subject and the object that
It is observed that it is the beginning of all understanding of reality.

2. Scientists
Person who researches science
Definition: That which conforms to the principles and methods of science or is related.
with her.
3. Technique: Set of procedures or resources used in an art, in a
science or in a specific activity, especially when acquired through means
of their practice and require skill.
4. Research: Process that, through the application of the scientific method, seeks
obtain relevant and reliable information (worthy of faith and credit) to understand,
verify, correct or apply the

5. Methods: Method refers to that set of strategies and tools that

are used to reach a specific goal, the method generally represents a
instrumental medium through which the works that are carried out daily are made.

With the given words and definitions, the student is capable of writing a text.
organized, concrete, clear and with disciplinary knowledge.

Observation is a basic research technique that allows us to obtain data.

capable of providing scientific knowledge, that is, objective, replicable, reliable and
valuable for responding and uses the realities applied with risk and systematicity
carrying out the control of methods to ensure reliability.

Make a drawing that represents the central idea of the reading.

Make a summary of the text or the studied audiovisual material.

Scientific observation

Observation is a technique that involves closely observing the phenomenon, fact, or case.
to take information and record it for later analysis. Observation is an element
fundamental to any research process; it is the basis on which the researcher relies to obtain the greatest
number of data. There are two classes of observation:

• To observe scientifically means to observe with a clear, defined, and precise objective: the
the researcher knows what they wish to observe and why they want to do it, which implies that they must
carefully prepare the observation
Non-scientific observation means observing without intention, without a defined objective, and therefore, without
prior preparation. The basic difference between one and the other lies in the intentionality:

Key steps of observation.

1. Determine the object, situation, case that is to be observed.

2. Determine the objectives of the observation (what it is going to observe)
3. Determine the way the data will be recorded
4. Observe carefully and critically
5. Record the observed data
6. Analyze and interpret the data
7. Draw conclusions
8. Prepare the observation report

Direct and indirect observation Direct: When the researcher comes into contact
personally with the fact or phenomenon that is being investigated.

Indirect: When the researcher becomes aware of the fact or phenomenon by observing
through the observations made earlier by another person. This occurs when we
we are worth of books, magazines, reports, recordings, photographs, etc. Related to what
We are investigating those that have been obtained or prepared by people who observed
before the same as us.

LParticipant observation and non-participant observation is participant observation when it is necessary to obtain
the data the researcher includes in the group, fact or observed phenomenon, to achieve the
information "from the inside out." Non-participant observation is one in which data is collected
information from outside, without intervening at all in the social group, fact or phenomenon
investigated.

Participant and non-participant observation

Participant observation is one of the favored techniques in research.

qualitative.
It is the observation of the context from the participation of the researcher themselves or
uncovert and unstructured researcher.
 It usually extends over time and is not done from the creation of matrices or codes.
previously structured, but rather from immersion in the context.

This type of observation provides descriptions of events, people

and the interactions that are observed, but also, the experience, the experience and the
sensation of the self that observes.

Field and laboratory observation

Field observation is the main resource of descriptive observation; it is carried out in the
places where the events or phenomena being investigated occur. Social and educational research
they largely resort to this modality.
Laboratory observation is understood in two ways: It is the one that is carried out in predetermined places.
established for the purpose such as museums, archives, libraries and, of course, the
laboratories. It is conducted with previously determined human groups, to observe
their behaviors and attitudes.

Individual or team observation Individual observation is the one made by a single person, whether
because it is part of an equally individual investigation, or because, within a group, it has been
in charge of a part of the observation to carry it out alone. Observation of equipment or of
The group is one that is carried out by several people who make up a team or work group.
the same research can be conducted in various ways: Each individual observes
a part or aspect of everything Everyone observes the same to then compare their data (this allows
overcome the subjective operations of each one) Everyone attends, but some perform other tasks or
other techniques are applied.

The Observation

Problems of observation

The basic weakness of the technique lies in the observer making incorrect inferences, but
these can be largely overcome by using competent observers (who have been
trained and motivated) and conducting planned and controlled observations.

Another problem lies with the observer, when they are part of the same situation they are observing.
which almost always occurs in classes), and that can affect the behavior of individuals
observed simply because they notice their presence.
The situation is very different if one observes schoolchildren or teachers and students in practice.
teacher.

In this second case, it is more of a problem for the uninitiated observer who may believe
that the observed practitioners will act differently or in an artificial way.

For example: it is thought that a teacher when being observed in classes (especially by their
superiors) will act in an exemplary and unusual manner for him. In a sense, it may be true.
But,... a very important point is forgotten:

How to plan an observation

Checklists consist of a list of phrases that express positive or negative behaviors.
sequences of actions, etc. in the presence of which the observer will mark their presence or absence. These
Instruments are appropriate for recording performances of bodily actions, skills.
mental reflections on completed work.

List the main points addressed in the text or audiovisual and the most important findings.
important.

The observation
What to observe?
2. Observation as a technique of scientific research
General characterization of the scientific research technique
Types of observation
Phrases of observation
Basic methodological procedures of observation
Faces of the methodological process of observation
3. Observation as a technique of scientific research
Observation and phenomenology
Observation classes (pre-scientific observation, global observation, observation
experimental
About participant observation
Advantages and Disadvantages of Observation
The systematization and the recording in the observation
Categories as a structure of observation
4. Duties of the psychologist towards individuals
Objective of your professional exercise

Do you consider that the observation process is important in the performance of the role?
psychologist?

I consider it important because the act of observing in all aspects of our

daily life since through this medium we as professionals can observe and respond
to the different needs since as psychologists we must have a clear perception and with
correct observation and proper technique can lead to more accurate research and
impartial.
What contributions did the theme generate for your development as a professional?

In a very important technique as it allows me to strengthen my knowledge further for the

training as a professional in psychology in the future because this technique provides us with the
the bases and tools for developing new observation skills are obtained
Patient information for concrete data collection.