Uhit #o)

Lrtooduetion to troprocs0T
Procsssor!

Mooprocessor dauico
which hao Combuting and dacisiom ma bing
Capa bility.
procassor olong input davicso,
output davicao and mamery put tagothas
is proh a mica-(omputar.

MP
otput

Mom oy

Mitro-Com putos.
). Mkro- Com putos in sigla chip is
Callad tnico Contellan.
# Mockins Jargujo ond Assamby lagga:
Any instsetion ian binery Codo
(o,1) is nouon mochin
logg
# 8-bit

Inta in 194)

’. An assanbly angg poagaume

wnten by anglish 9ke ord oalled mnononico
Eseh nnsmonico asa nto binery
inytutin dor th nachino.
. Asumblsy! Convast assembly largunge to
machihe
# Evalutn ct mikoprcasor Computr -
’ Fiust genatiun (1939 -1954) : Va ccum tubac.
gonaration 1959-1555) Tns atra.
’ Fhid gehzation (1559-191) : Ic
ganaatin (1s91 do

Yooy do pantium -S

# Evaluation 4
()
2. NTEL- yooy
pmos - Toehrology used
AJdrosiA

iR 750 k th.
# 8-bjt Mjar procesd!
/n 194
35o
-lGk
=) f=

Ac = 64k8
)

. Iatul &o8S

Ac = 6uk8 (mamory)

Noto! othey 8-b14 MCG&ro, 2ileg2s

Adarassiy copobilty = fxo = nmory

Ac = g-bit =
Al l x
 jn 1948

Ac = |HR
S H.

TNTEL to88 in 1948

f S oH2.
’ usud both tor &l16-j.
IhTL &o286 in 158 -

AC= |6M8

+ 32- bit mico pro(asoy

fHTEL So386 in 158s
24Sooo
uGB

4 2Sta H
pontjum in 159?
3 M

jn 19s
IHTEL Pantium po
SS M

AC
|So MH.

G4- bit
Pantium-I
No Tx = 8-8 M
Ac (msAmory ) = (4GS
233 a H,

Pantium - ID

AC 64as
GSo MH.

Ac =
 then then

’ .. 4 hal 8-bit deta lin qnd |6-bit

addres |inaG
Con bo addss upto 6yk
. he 8o85 i8 fabicatad uing
tochradag
’ + io opand by tsu po usr sutty
). Fhe rP &D6 S hag a built--in
bui4

clock genaba tor dhot agirog tunnad

Architecturs d &ogs ajoopCasoY!

Ihdsne! Architturo Ertornal Archtete

( Pia
Futioro Block CPin -dgam)
Pigon)
Pin Diagram of 8085 Microprocessor:

Fig. 1 Pin diagram of 8085

#
8iynalo
Aceording to the abave a l the
Can be classtiad ito
8ix groups:
(i) AJdrsss bud signalo.
Gi) Data bue sinalo.
(u) Conts and stat@ <janadc
@v) pour supbly and frugueney

(vi) Extarmlly initieted shnalo

() Addass | Dot
Data buo sig h.lo:

Contol pìng:(1 to)(2 do 19)

" st is dividad in two Pasto

= LouY ordoy addrass bu
( Aoe to AO)
=) Hizha urdor addre bua
(As do As)
Nodo! A= 16-bjt D= g-bj+
(Gi) Cotro and statuo slynalo :
Mire proesoy po8s ba@ turo Conra ignlo
and se, thra &tatuG
) S and So ahd
Signal ALE.

the micao preçassor patm mamor)

yaadig opasotin,

oR o (Actiusb Low)
the HP postomg ns mory wnto oy

o (a mamary sputim partan)

his sj9nod is usod to dittosantiat

botsn E)o and mamory opaotn
Daucription.
Memry Raad EM)

Memory
1 LO Raad ( Lop )

) Lo wnde ( Loo )
 8, gnd S ars two status s igno
Similay to o idontity Verouo
opagutong basod on the combinatin t
S and So

S So
Hott (Ho -opsyetim)
wito ops retfn
Raad opatin
opcoda futeh ( Randiny ista)
# ALE (Addrass Loteh Enabla)
speeid signl uied to d maltiblau
dhe oddrasi bu and daty buo
ALE-I A-Aa
Po Pa

sufly and fsq usny sigrulo!

Qu) Powr
)
Fuquany gndo
x)
( x, and
Pins GND) o( Vss )
Goound t
 X, and , A Crytal (or Rc ,Le Motunk)
Connschod ot thoso
to pins Tho
is
ig indernaly dividod by
to opsrot
shold have a
dhe cryste

( ) Soaol )o payto
Pravide
and othar devicaG
batuen atc.
PEN dmvs
1iko do inplamant

Serie tanmission.
)i Th is pi
the Susias inht datu
(Ú) sD ( dhe dota indo microp
io used for acsiving is
Fhe
ad into
'detu
Savioly
accynulats.
Do bit o4 data ) hi
Suoial Gutpuf
(i) &o0(
pin is sunding , Fho dat ie
thu
D bit ot accumlat he

poiphorad.
(vi) Eatarnelly Initidad Sijnule:
. Fhese a Sighale thet asu
the
outs ide ond as euad by the pocasg taa
() Hoyd uoa intesmbts
(i) READY
(0) RESET IN

(iv) RESET OUT

(U) HoLD HLOA .

(D Hasd oor
has sddarnt S'yralo.
thot Con be usad do indortubt Pngromne
Qrseuion.

(1) RE Aoy!
. t is ussd to intoaca slow psribhsral
duvicas ( mmory o o Qavic) the

(oD). RESIT IN
ig atiuQ los, then the
Pgm County is hittated cidh o600H.
Data and addras busto are ti-state,
(
 and all dhe rgisns claarsd .
» Intompt system io discbled and mefpo
-CersUs BogS unit io 59t.

(iv) RESET OUT'

indicos

Unit
bai eat t
) hio sinal ho usod to
devicss.

HLDA!
(V) ioLD and
used fox poriphal
Seh a DmA ( Dirset mamory Ausss) opts.
). T.
addrass and dat bu
duvis raquuo dhy arg under the Condl
but no mly

), fe dhio xasoh, an uternal

gana yate ( HoLo" Siyn to miape or
dhan oftr esing HoLo
firstly Csnolate the cursnt opsrtin( )
and then ala Gu addres dota bujep to
adosd davico by wig a HLDA Sign
 Irdosnl Archictaxs ogs Hp:

Block dim sres P

funedien Glk diogum
Fhe funtinal Bleck
blocko!
is davidad in
Arithsmotic ond Layial Uhit)
() ALu[
aMayContro Uhit
ond
yitr and dacada,
(u) Instctin
(U) Ioteaubt Contral.

ALV ( Arithamtie and logica Unit)

) axidhmatica sdcnd lgicol
ALU portoYm gincludoe the acumulaty , he
and fne teo
t'yo.
tom porery yisbr d
Pccu mulato!

'-bit prganmea ble gitay

It s an

anithsnste and lgica opoaiong

Functional Block Diagram of 8085 Microprocessor:

Fig. 2 Functional Block diagram of 8085 Microprocessor

 qn &-bit hon- proga nmahls
the arithamtik
agisor wsad to hold data daing
and Igical opostin
Flgo! o'
dhet sta bit
are flip tape aridhmstic
bused on t
potonad by ALU.
lgic. opoutn

th statuo
azithomete ond lyj
miso

Da Ds Dy
Ac X|P

X ’ dant com.
P (Pavity tl)2(re
cy (Cory flg);
iliory Corry fg)
Ac ( Auxiliory
Tempovary
Qunaal
poposue rgisduro
spead papot
8,C,DE, HAL S C
W and 2

+ Tompo3ary dota odduss tanfrily

it is orly ussd by nin pro(s430y

to poterm ihdorha spandins duniy
oecuton.

4 îG hot avoileblo tor

They all art

a &-bit
They n alao 95kaf

peiro 8 , PE and HL havsy 16-bit

spocs.
=2. Accymulato Con aloo ba used elo
odog
a l6-bjt prmnabl
sto tue vord cAsu).
 cial
. hiu q
tuo ls-bits spcial
called prgam Coundor (Pc)
prpoa agistas
ond stock po jn-tor (sP) . Thay ar

accasible,

poogam Counhor ( Pc)!

J6-bj+ rgitr, usad
ho 0bstueti do
oe dhe addrass o ecytad
hiih hoo do bo
Soto to
Noto hen
2ro o oo H3.
Slek pointer(sp)!
l6-bit spocia pury
as memary po intas.
eguts s used
’. stouk poits Povidse
stoek.
locadiun ih Pluw me mory
Amam}
e" STACK" 3+ is a post e RA M,
h o uiad during subroutinsp, PuSH
ord pop oporuins
 Docaa ngt Lateh!
and
usod foY ncsmgnt or decenest

ot l6-bit oddass aluuy

dacnement by .
ond contol unit !
-Tioing al dhe mepe
It synehen'
Uidh tha CLK
and 4anaahso dhe
oproations
necsssary tor
Contl ard
tuusn dhe miopeces r
Communicatin
paiphemlg.
thio unjt X, and , X ping
Ih
Connat uotsra! Crystalo
used do
am

ih dorneleleck
LC ciruuit do

(tP) and Decodsr!

t Tha hstyucion degh
. Fb instruetion ysdor Gnd dh dacodes,
Ore th posto dhe ALU.
 Itoetion Rogisher. hon an

tutehed indo procaJrY tom rmamory i4 is

io only used for stosig dh op-coda.ot dhe

înstutim.
Jntytim Pecodoy
Fhe outt ot ducads
dhe docodag. Fe dacodor
Connsetad to

uvvent to llo .

#
in temupts.
 Arch ituturs and ite
+
opaoting:
Canhel

Unit (cpU) o4 a Combuur syotem placad onor'

singla indgad ciycait (1). 34 potorns
anihom«tie lgical ard condad opontino
cuting instruetiong. Te
a mice pro (sdsoY goran. y
erait consists o dh allaoing pavto.
Ayidhmic and logic Vnit (ALU):
azidhmatic ( add itin subtbuhi)

ond lagicol ( AMO, oR, MoT) opentins

Ragisturo!
Snaln siaz and high spud stossge
locortiong inside the

donpovay data soage.

Contrl nit (Cu):
D'roelo he locs data and
inuiong Ond alco Conho
Cobh a) indornel
oporoion G.
 Countr) Holds the addess
ihstutian do
t bu
be acutud
o4 Jhe hort
clock ciruit Synehron ibee al
opoutim o port mad by
p.
addass buss At is usad
Dota and
oddrassag botun tho
Jo Carr dote and
lo
I)o davicaG
procass, nemory
and

A mico p sovy
fateh decode dcut,
cycla o
e Foteh! Fhe ihstruetin fotehel
ngmoy
Decod! Fhe
instrution is dacoded
do undnstand whet opsution is nssdsd.

Fh de codad instuetind
ALU, cU and
 Memesy: msmor storso data and
instutionp
js classified aQ.
Primoyyms mor y ( RASPoa)
##
Random Acd ss me mory): i4 is
" RAg (
data ahd
wlbt:le , sdovas tom poreay
Porgms durig
Potm ( Reod ony mumov y):
NNon

sdors Bamanant
Volati)o
firmw4l,

(Hovd diik, cso)

t condery memory:
to storO

darta p ananty.

ers Cache emory!

14 i3 high spà mamory placad
batun CPU ahd do sperd
 Inpud output davios:
provido data and
jhstueions
eg kuy boord , mouss Sahsor

to
Out put duvius;
di play
monitor, pinter, LED) LCo
 jhe AD- AD,
# Damaltiplaaing
Jhut
. As w
bue Wh ich
ADo - AD
addass ac La a

daty eychu oddra

clack
the iot linao and doti
Dusing
On dhus

and third cyclas.

Second
dhe firsd clock
Fhiatri, duing mut bo latched
cyola los address last).
Ao-A will bo
balow show a
latch and ALE
thet
Jchamatic
damulipluo dhe bue.
signaJ to APo -A Da
buo
y LSI93. Ae
Ihhut Jo the lotch
bosic. ly a flib-fbp
m

G
5. ALE
ALE SI) io
The
Connsetel to ECEckl
pin o Loh) , output Condol oc

As. -As

Ag
8 As
A

As
ALE

As
9LS33

AD,

cycle ALE 9s hyh

hen ALE i0 high dhe

Jhe Sacoad and dh id clock eyelo ALE

Jha la deh isdisatlad and doda
avilab Do D4
 Condrad sijmdo:
Po
Condro sjghalo ar

). A ws
Conted sigr and odig
both tor wdig Ymomory

an input duvid.
to

two diturant Read siynad dwo

and anodhr tor in
is put . Simi loxty
igral
muyt
mut bo
bshegded
saparaa wte s dHot
showe the fous
’. Fiyora bslos Combin ing
Condtad ignole gahoad hy
RO

-MEM RO

8 Ro
-MEMD

5
Do
 # Clok qungrytiun madhodo in &ofs:
Can be
5. The 885 clock taqwny tunnad Ck).
gnsated by a Cryut an LC
Gn odernel ock cixcjt CCk+).

Fos crystado hoving Should be

bo
taqueney a copecidr c sopf
but ASSn gtound do
X, and
Connsctud Crythl ot
the

dha right esqncy

9.To njnjni
VariatonG in

ecommanded dhet

shoul
Fig () Cin be.
be