Language is by definition a system of written and spoken
communication
Speech community - The term "speech community" refers to a group of
individuals
Language acquisition - The ability to learn a language and its grammar
is referred to as language acquisition.
Mother tongue is the language that is used the most at home before
starting school.
Second language is any language a person speaks in addition to his
mother tongue
First language is a language an individual is most accustomed with
Language change is a phenomenon that develops from a language
contact
communication, which is a process of exchanging or sharing
information
Verbal Communication We engage in this communication when we
speak to other people.
Non-Verbal Communication Facial expressions, hand gestures, and
body language
Written Communication Whether through social media, email, letters,
memoranda, contacts,
Visual Communication We frequently watch films, television programs,
and videos
Intrapersonal Communication is when you communicate with yourself,
Interpersonal communication is the process of exchanging knowledge,
Extended communication makes use of electronic tools
Organizational communication is a communication that takes place
within an organization
Formal Communication – This type of communication is formal and
uses a clear, concise method
Informal Communication – This style of communication is also known
as "grapevine communication"
Horizontal Communication – This sort of communication occurs at the
same hierarchical level as individual
Vertical Communication –This style of communication follows an up-
down vertical communication
Aristotle’s Model Aristotle's model was the first communication model,
Lasswell’s Communication Model This model illustrates how a message
is transmitted
The ShannonWeaver’s Communication Model This model introduces
the function of noise
Berlo’s S-M-C-R model This communication model appears to be
distinctive
Message - The speaker produces the message
Source - or the sender carefully transforms his thoughts into words
Channel – In this model, a channel serves as an important place
The Receiver - An audience, receiver, or listener is referred to as the
recipient of the messages
Conciseness In a formal communication, briefness or conciseness of the
message is crucial.
Correctness Since effective communication depends on the proper use
of language
ConcretenessThe specificity of the information or message in the
communication is referred to as concreteness
Clarity In communication, the ideas of the message should be delivered
with utmost clarity.
Completeness In order for the sender to bring the desired results in
communication,
Consideration An act of empathy is being considerate of the audience's
or recipients' feelings
Courtesy The bond between a speaker and listener is strengthened
Written communication - Writing down symbols in order to
communicate
Communication Modes Any method of transmitting a message or
information
Visual Communication is the simple act of conveying
Oral communication is definitely executed orally through direct speech
presentation,
Computer-based communication is a computer mediated
communication that can be
done using computers, smartphones or tablets
Audio-visual communication refers to the combination of auditory
Face-to-face communication is a communication that occurs when
people are visible
Text-based communication is a form of communication that utilizes
instant messaging
Social media has been the most influential worldwide because it allows
people to freely communicate through different apps.
WhatsApp is a multiplatform messaging app that is free for video and
voice calls.
Facebook is the world’s largest social network
Twitter is a social networking site and online news
Snapchat is a social media that is only available through a mobile app
Tiktok is a social media in the form of mobile-based video-sharing app
Instagram is a social network platform with free online photo-sharing
app
Youtube is one of the most popular social media sites
"World English" (or "World Englishes") or "global English" refers to the
variety of the English language that is spoken throughout the world in a
variety of dialects.
dialect is described as a way of speaking
Language variety is also known as "lect" in sociolinguistics formal
register is typically used in academic, professional,
Frozen register is also called as static register because it adheres to a
communication
Casual register is often more personal and friendly type of register
Consultative register is often used specifically to speak
Jargon is a specific, specialized vocabulary
The inner circle nations are "norm-providing,"
outer circle are "norm-developing,"
expanding circle countries as 'norm-dependent
Touch Physical contact is regarded as an essential component
Eye contact When someone looks away, while we are talking to them
Hand gestures We frequently make gestures to clarify facial
expressions which correspond to distinct universal facial emotions:
Writing is a kind of human communication that entails a collection of
symbols
Pre-writing You should take the time to plan what to write and how to
convey the information
Writing You can start writing a first draft after gathering and organizing
the necessary data.
Post-writing The final stage of the writing process involves (a) revising
content and organization,
essay is a writing output where a writer describes, analyzes and
discusse
argumentative essay must first undergo a thorough research of the
subject,
Expository Essay This kind of essay describes the topic and its
components in the opening section
persuasive essay is to persuade the reader
descriptive essay is to describe a subjec
narrative writing is very similar to a story
Expository or Informative Speech This is the type of speech that aims
to provide and share information
Entertainment Speech This speech is intended to catch the attention of
the audience
Memorized Speech In this type of speech delivery, the speaker usually
recited a scripted speech
Reading From A Manuscript This is the easiest way to deliver a speech
Impromptu Speech This type of speech requires a speaker to deliver a
message
Extemporaneous Speech The speech presentation in extemporaneous
style
