Class 12 - Integration Formula Sheet
Basic Formulae
∫ x^n dx = (x^(n+1))/(n+1) + C , n ≠ -1
∫ dx = x + C
∫ cos x dx = sin x + C
∫ sin x dx = -cos x + C
∫ sec^2 x dx = tan x + C
∫ cosec^2 x dx = -cot x + C
∫ sec x tan x dx = sec x + C
∫ cosec x cot x dx = -cosec x + C
∫ dx / √(1-x^2) = sin⁻¹x + C
∫ dx / √(1-x^2) = -cos⁻¹x + C
∫ dx / (1+x^2) = tan⁻¹x + C
∫ dx / (1+x^2) = -cot⁻¹x + C
∫ e^x dx = e^x + C
∫ a^x dx = a^x / log a + C
∫ dx/x = log|x| + C
∫ tan x dx = log|sec x| + C
∫ cot x dx = log|sin x| + C
∫ sec x dx = log|sec x + tan x| + C
∫ cosec x dx = log|cosec x - cot x| + C
Integrals of Special Functions
∫ dx / (x^2 - a^2) = (1/2a) log|(x-a)/(x+a)| + C
∫ dx / (a^2 - x^2) = (1/2a) log|(a+x)/(a-x)| + C
∫ dx / (x^2 + a^2) = (1/a) tan⁻¹(x/a) + C
∫ dx / √(x^2 - a^2) = log|x + √(x^2 - a^2)| + C
∫ dx / √(a^2 - x^2) = sin⁻¹(x/a) + C
∫ dx / √(x^2 + a^2) = log|x + √(x^2 + a^2)| + C
Integration by Parts
∫ f(x) g(x) dx = f(x) ∫ g(x) dx - ∫ f'(x) [∫ g(x) dx] dx
ILATE Rule (Inverse, Logarithm, Algebraic, Trigonometric, Exponential) is used to choose the first
function.
Properties of Definite Integrals
∫[a to b] f(x) dx = ∫[a to b] f(t) dt
∫[a to b] f(x) dx = -∫[b to a] f(x) dx
∫[a to b] f(x) dx = ∫[a to c] f(x) dx + ∫[c to b] f(x) dx
∫[a to b] f(x) dx = ∫[a to b] f(a+b-x) dx
∫[0 to a] f(x) dx = ∫[0 to a] f(a-x) dx
∫[-a to a] f(x) dx = 2∫[0 to a] f(x) dx, if f(x) is even
∫[-a to a] f(x) dx = 0, if f(x) is odd
