Maths Unplugged!

– By Sandal Sir

SEQUENCE & SERIES

TRIGONOMETRY
Situation Set – 01 :

S-1: (1) Let a1, a2 …….., an be in A.P. If a5 = 2a7 & a11 = 18, then
 1 1 1 
   .....  ?
 a  a a  a a  a 
 10 11 11 12 17 18 

(2) Given that a1, a2, a3, ….., an are in A.P then
1 1 1 1 2  1 1 1 
Prove that    ......      .....  
a1an a 2an 1 a 3an  2 ana1 (a1  a n )  a1 a 2 an 
(3) Find sum of first 24 terms of an A.P
if a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 + a24 = 225
(4) If a1, a2, ….. , a2n+1  AP ;
a  a1 a2n  a2 a  an n(n  1)  a2  a1 
Prove that 2n 1   .....  n  2   
a2n 1  a1 a 2n  a2 an  2  an 2  an 1 
S-2: (1) If sequence a1, a2, a3, ….., an is an A.P then
n(a12  a 2n
2
)
Prove that a12  a 22  a 23  a42  a52  a62  a62  .....  a 22n 1  a 2n
2

2n  1
(2) Given sequence of numbers x1, x2, x3, ……. . x2026 which satisfy
x1 x2 x3 x2026
   ......  then prove that the sequence is an A.P.
x1  1 x2  3 x3  5 x2026  4051
S-3: (1) If a, b, c are in A.P, then prove that
(i) b + c, c + a, a + b are in A.P
(ii) (b + c)2 – a2, (c + a)2 – b2, (a + b)2 – c2 are in A.P
(2) If the sum of roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to sum of squares of their
reciprocals, then prove that bc2, ca2, ab2 in A.P
1 1 1
(3) If a2,b2,c2 are in A.P, then prove that , , are in A.P
bc ca ab
(4) If pth, qth, rth, sth terms of an A.P are in G.P, show that p – q, q – r, r – s  G.P
S-4: Analysing Sum
(1) How many terms of series -9, -6, -3, …… must be taken sum may be 66?
(2) How many terms of series 26, 21, 16, ……. must be taken to amount to 74?
(3) If the sum of A.P is same for p as for q terms, show that sum p + q terms is zero.
S-5: (1) The sum of n terms of 2 A.P are in ratio of 7n + 1 : 4n + 27. Find ratio of their
11th terms .
P
(2) Let a1, a2, ….., a100 be an A.P with a1 = 3 & sp   a1 ,1  p  100. For any integer n
i 1
Sm
with 1  n  20, let m = 5n. If does not depend on n, then a2 is ?
Sn

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Maths Unplugged! – By Sandal Sir
100 100
S-6: (1) Let an be nth term of an A.P, If  a2r   &
r 1
a
r 1
2r 1   then the common difference

of A.P is?
100 100 200
(2) Let an  ,n  N be a G.P,  a2n1  200, a2n  100, then
n 1 n 1
a
n 1
n ?

S-7: (1) If s = n(n – 1) for all values of n, find TP?

(2) If s = n2 – n + 5, for all n, find T5, T22, T1?
S-8: (1) If 54th and 4th terms of an A.P are -61 & 64, find 23rd term.
(2) First term of a series is 5, last 45, sum 400.
Find number of terms & common difference.
(3) If S1, S2, ……, Sp are sums of n terms of arithmetic series whose first terms are 1, 2, 3,
P
4, …… & whose common difference are 1,3,5, ……i find value of S
i 1
i

1 1 3
(4) If 3rd, 6th, last terms of an H.P are , , respectively. Find number of terms.
3 5 203
(5) If mth terms of an H.P is n & nth term is ‘m’, then
mn
Prove that its (m + n)th term is
mn
(6) Insert 20 AMs between 4 & 67
(7) Insert 4 GMs between 5 & 160
1
(8) Insert 40 HMs between 7 & .
6
A3 2
(9) If ‘P’ AMs A1, A2, …., AP are inserted between 5 & 41 so that  , find P?
A P 1 5
S-9: Algebraic fun!
(1) If ‘a’ is AM of b,c; ‘b’ is GM of a, c then prove that ‘c’ is HM of a & b
(2) If a, b, c  GP & x, y are AMs between a, b & b, c respectively.
1 1 2 a c
Prove that : (i)   (ii)   2
x y b x y
p r a c
(3) If a, b, c  A.P, p,q,r  HP, ap, bq, cr  GP, then prove that   
r p c a
(4) If AM between a & b is 15 & GM between a & b is 9. Find a, b.
(5) If sum of 2 numbers a, b (a > b) is n (n > 2) times, their GM, then show that :
a : b  n  n2  4 : n  n2  4
(6) Find condn that the roots of equation x3 – px2 + qx – r = 0 may be in A.P
S-10: (1) The sum of first 3 terms of an A.P is 27 & sum of their squares is 293; find them.
(2) The sum of first 3 consecutive terms of a G.P is 19 & their product is 216, find sum of
first ‘n’ terms, also find sum upto infinite terms if exist.
a  a 2  a 3  13
S-11: (1) a1, a2, ……, an are in G.P, 12 , find sum of first ‘n’ terms of G.P.
a1  a 22  a 32  91
(2) Sum of infinite terms of G.P is 15 & sum of their squares is 15. Find the series.

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Maths Unplugged! – By Sandal Sir
S-12: (1) If x > 0, y > 0, z > 0, then prove that (x + y) (y + z) (z + x)  8xyz.
(2) If a, b, c are 3 distinct positive real numbers in H.P, then
prove that an  cn  2bn ,n  N
S-13: Prove that : (666......6)2  (88......8)  (444......4)
n  digits n  digits 2n  digits

S-14: Find sum : (1) 9 + 99 + 999 + …….. + 99......9 (2) 0.2 + 0.22 + 0.222 +…… n-terms.
n times
n
S-15 : (1)  (a  (n  1)d)r
n 1
n

(2) If |x| < 1, find (i) 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + 5x4 + ……  (ii) 1 + 3x + 6x2 + 10x3 + ….. 
4 7 10 13
(3) 1   2  3  4  .......  ?
5 5 5 5
n?
?
S-16 : (1) Find sum of all integers between 1 to 1000 which are divisible by 2 or 3.
(2) Prove that : 2, 3, 5 can’t be terms of any A.P.

1. A sequence is given by the formula of its nth term : an = 10 − 3n. prove that an is an arithmetic
progression.
2. Let an = n2 + 1 and bn is defined bn = an+1 − an. Show that {bn} is an arithmetic sequence.
3. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 27 and the sum of their squares is 293. Find the numbers.
4. Find four numbers in A.P. such that their sum is 50 and the greatest of them is 4 times the least.
5. How many terms are identical in the two arithmetic progressions 2,4,6,8,…… up to 100 terms and
3,6,9, .... up to 80 terms.
6. The interior angles of a polygon are in AP. The smallest angle is 120o & the common difference is
5o. Find the number of sides of the polygon.
7. Suppose a1, a2, ….... are in A.P. and Sk denotes the sum of the first k terms of this A.P. If
Sn/Sm = n4/m4 for all m, n, ∈ N, then prove that

a m 1 (2m  1)3

a n 1 (2n  1)3

8. In an A.P. of 99 terms, the sum of all the odd numbered terms is 2550. Then find the sum of all the
99 terms of the A.P.
9. Find the degree of the expression (1 + x) (1 + x6) (1 + x11)…………(1 + x101)
10. Find the sum of all three-digit natural numbers, which are divisible by 7.

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Maths Unplugged! – By Sandal Sir
11. In an AP of which ‘a’ is the Ist term, if the sum of the Ist p terms is equal to zero, show that the sum
 aq(p  q) 
of the next q terms is   .
 p 1 
12. If the arithmetic progression whose common difference is non-zero, the sum of first 3n terms is
equal to the sum of next n terms. Then, find the ratio of the sum of the first 2n terms to the sum of
next 2n terms.
13. The first term of an arithmetic progression is 1 and the sum of the first nine terms equal to 369. The
first and the ninth term of a geometric progression coincide with the first and the ninth term of the
arithmetic progression. Find the seventh term of the geometric progression.
14. If eleven A.M.’s are inserted between 28 and 10, then find the number of integral A.M.’s.
15. In a set of four numbers, the first three are in GP & the last three are in AP, with common difference
6. If the first number is the same as the fourth, find the four numbers.
16. The ratio of the sums of m and n terms of an A.P. is m2 : n2. Show that the ratio of the mth and nth
terms is (2m − 1) : (2n − 1)
17. The sum of n terms of two arithmetic series are in the ratio of (7n + 1) : (4n + 27). Find the ratio of
their nth term.
18. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd terms of an arithmetic series are a, b and a2 where ‘a’ is negative. The 1st, 2nd
and 3rd terms of a geometric series are a, a2 and b find the
(a) value of a and b
(b) sum of infinite geometric series if it exists. If no then find the sum to n terms of the G.P.
(c) sum of the 40 term of the arithmetic series.

3n 1
19. If the sum of n terms of a G.P. is 3  , then find the common ratio.
4 2n
20. Fifth term of a G.P. is 2. Find the product of its first nine terms.
21. Three numbers are in G.P. If we double the middle term, we get an A.P. Then find the common ratio
of the G.P.
22. Determine the number of terms in a G.P., if a1 = 3, an = 96 and Sn = 189.
23. Prove that 61/2 × 61/4 × 61/8…..∞ = 6.


6
24. Find i 1
2.3i

25. Find the sum of n terms of the series 2 + 22 + 222 + ⋯……

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Maths Unplugged! – By Sandal Sir
26. If x = 1 + a + a2 + a3 + ⋯…∞ and y = 1 + b + b2 + b3+......∞,

xy
show that 1 + ab + a2b2 + a3b3 +......∞ = , where 0 < a < 1 and 0 < b < 1
x  y 1

1 1 1
27. If G be the geometric mean of x and y, then prove that  2  2.
(G  x ) (G  y ) G
2
2 2

28. Find two numbers whose arithmetic mean is 34 and the geometric mean is 16.
29. If a is the A.M. of b & c, and the two geometric means between b & c are G1 and G2, then prove that
G13  G32  2abc.

30. Find three numbers a, b, c (≥ 2, ≤ 18) such that;

(i) their sum is 25
(ii) the numbers 2, a, b are consecutive terms of an AP &
(iii) the numbers b, c, 8 are consecutive terms of a GP.
31. The A.M. between two positive numbers exceeds the G.M. by 5, and the G.M. exceeds the H.M. by
4. Find the numbers

1 1 44
32. If the sum to infinity of the series 3 + (3 + d) + (3+2d) 2 + ……∞ is , then find d.
4 4 9
33. Find the sum to n terms of the series 1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) +.......
34. Evaluate 1 + 5 + 12 + 22 + 35 + (upto ‘n’ terms)
35. Find the sum of n-terms 1 + 4 + 10 + 22 + .......
36. If a, b, c, d are four positive real numbers such that abcd=1,
prove that (1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c) (1 + d) ≥ 16
37. If H is the harmonic mean between P and Q, then find the value of H/P + H/Q.

a 2  d 2
38. If a, b, c and d are in H.P., then find the value of 2
b  c 2
39. If the 10th term of an HP is 21 and 21st term of the same HP is 10, then find the 210th term.
40. Given that ax = by = cz = du & a, b, c, d are in GP, show that x, y, z, u are in HP.
41. The AM of two numbers exceeds their GM by 15 & HM by 27. Find the numbers.
42. An AP & an HP have the same first term, the same last term & the same number of terms; prove
that the product of the rth term from the beginning in one series & the rth term from the end in the
other is independent of r.

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Maths Unplugged! – By Sandal Sir
ax by cz
43.   & p, q, r  AP & prove that x, y, z  AP
px qy rz

44. If a, a1, a2, a3, …., a2n, b are in A.P. and a, g1, g2, g3,….g2n, b are in G.P. and h is the H.M. of a and b,
a a a  a 2n 1 a  a n 1 2n
then prove that 1 2n  2  ......  n 
g1g 2n g 2g 2n 1 g n g n 1 h

45. If the roots of 10x3 − cx2 − 54x – 27 = 0 are in harmonic progression, then find c and all the roots.

(1111....1) (222....2)
46. Prove that  is perfect square of integer.
2n n
47. Prove that 49, 4489, 4448889, ….. obtained by inserting 48 into middle of preceding numbers are
square of integers.

(111....1)
48. Prove that is composite number.
91 times
49. x15 – x13 + x11 – x9 + x7 – x5 + x3 – x = 7, x > 0 then prove that x16 > 15
50. xn – yn divisible by x – y ,  n  N
51. xn + yn is divisible by x + y, if n is odd that number.
52. Prove that 199 + 299 + 399 , ….. + 10099 is divisible by 10100.
  
53. For 0o    90o , if x   cos2n , y   sin 2n , z   cos 2n  sin 2n 
n 0 n 0 n 0

Prove that xyz – z = xy

Prove that x + y + z = xyz

1  x 2  x 4  ....  x 2n 2
54. If P(x)  is polyn, find n (n  N) .
1  x  x 2  ....  x (n 1)
55. One side of an equilateral triangle is 24 cm.The midpoints of its sides are joined to form another
triangles whose midpoints are in turn joined to form still another triangle this process continuous
indefinitely. The sum of the perimeters of all the triangles.
56. Let S1, S2, ….Sn be squares such that for each n  1, the length of a side of Sn, equals the length of
the diagonal of Sn+1. If the length of a side of S1 is 10 cm, then the least value of n for which the area
of Sn less than 1 sq cm.
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10

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Maths Unplugged! – By Sandal Sir

Situation Set – 02 :

S-1: (1) 42 + 72 + 102 + …… 25 terms

(2) 153 + 163 +…….603
(3) 12 – 22 + 32 - 42 + ….… 45 terms
(4) 22 + 2.3.5 + 3.4.8 + 4.5.11 + ….. n..terms.
1.22  2.32  3.42  .....  n(n  1)2 3n  5
(5) Prove that : 2 
1 2  22.3  32.4  .....  n 2 (n  1) 3n  1
S-2: (1) 1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 + …… n….terms.
(2) 1.2.3.4.5.6 + 2.3.4.5.6.7+3.4.5.6.7.8 +….. n…terms.
1 1 1
S-3: (1)    ..... n…terms.
1.2 2.3 3.4
1 1
(2)   ....... n…terms.
1.2.3.4 2.3.4.5
1 1 1 1
(3)     ...... n…terms.
1.3.5 3.5.7 5.7.9 7.9.11
1 1 1
(4)    ..... n…terms.
1.9 3.11 5.13
1 1 2 1 2 3
S-4: (1) 3  3  3  ..... n…terms.
1 1  2 1  23  33
3

1 2 3
(2)    ...... n…terms.
1  1  1 1  2  2 1  3 2  34
2 4 2 4

1 2 3 4 5
(3)      ..... n…terms.
5 65 325 1025 2501
3 4 5 6
S-5: (1)     ...... n….terms.
1.2.4 2.3.5 3.4.6 4.5.7
(2) 6.9 + 12.21 + 20.37 + 30.57 + 42.81 + …..n..terms.
1 2 3 4
S-6: (1)     ....... n…terms.
1.3 1.3.5 1.3.5.7 1.3.5.7
1 3 5 7
(2)     ..... n..terms.
3 3.7 3.7.11 3.7.11.15
1 1.3 1.3.5 1.3.5.7
S-7:     ...... n…terms.
2.4 2.4.6 2.4.6.8 2.4.6.8.10
5 1 7 1 9 1 11 1
S-8 : (1) .  . 2 .  .  .... n…terms.
1.2 3 2.3 3 3.4 33 4.5 34

4r  9
(2)  r 1
r 1 5 (r  1)(r  2)
n
14  9r  90r 2  36r 3
(3) 
r 1 7 r(r  1)(r  2)(4r  1)
r 2

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Maths Unplugged! – By Sandal Sir

1 n
12 22 32
S-9 : (1) Let r 1 r
  , then,
2

3

4
 ..... n…terms = ?

14 24 34
(2)    ...... n..term
1.3 3.5 5.7
S-10 : (1) (a + b) (a2 + b2) (a4 + b4) …. (a2  b2 )
n n

1  22 2100
(2)  2  4  .....  2100
x1 x 1 x 1 x 1
S-11 : (1) (a + b) (a2 + b2) (a4 + b4)….. (a2  b2 )
n n

n
V
(2)  r
r 1 Vr  1
n
Vr  2
(3) V
r3 r 1
n
r 1 3
(4) r
r2
3
1
n
(r  3r)2
3
(5)  6
r3 r  64
n n
S-12 : (1)  1 
i  1 j 1
n i j
(2) 
i 1 j1 k 1

S-13 : (1) 2  2  2  ......

1 1 1
(2) 4 4 4....
3 2 3 2 3 2

x  2 x  2 x  .....  2 x  2 3x
(3) x
n  radicals
1
S-14 : 4 
1
5
1
4
5  .....

Hall and Knight Higher Algebra Ex 29a and b complete

1. If S1, S2, S3,…Sn, … are the sums of infinite geometric series whose first terms are 1,2,3,…n,…. and
1 1 1 1
whose common ratios are , , ,..... ,.... respectively, then find the value of  2n 1 2
r 1 Sr .
2 3 4 n 1
2 3
 1  1  1
2. Find the sum of the first n terms of the sequence : 1  2 1    3 1    4 1    ....
 n  n  n

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Maths Unplugged! – By Sandal Sir
3. Find :
(a) (1) + (2 + 3) + (4 + 5 + 6) + …… n brackets.
(b) (1) + (5 + 9) + (13 + 17 + 21) + (25 + 29 + 33 + 37) + …… 30 terms.
(c) (12) + (12 + 22) + (12 + 22 + 32) + (12 + 22 + 32 + 42) +…… n terms.

n2
Evaluate the sum  n 1 n

4.
6

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5. If the sum 1  2
 2  1  2  2  1  2  2  .....  1  2
 2
equal to n 
1 2 2 3 3 4 (1999) (2000) n

where n ∈ N. Find n.
6. The series of positive multiplies of 3 is divided into sets :
{3}, {6, 9, 12}, {15, 18, 21, 24, 27}, ….. Then the sum of the elements in the 11th set is equal to.

35
7. If the sum to infinity of the series 1 + 4x + 7x2 + 10x3 + ⋯…. is then find x.
16
8. Find the nth term and the sum to n terms of the sequence: 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 +…….
9. Find the n.h term and the sum to n terms of the sequence: 6 + 13 + 22 + 33 + ………

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Maths Unplugged! – By Sandal Sir
ANSWER KEY
Situation Set – 01
3. 14, 9, 4 or 4, 9, 14 4. 5, 10,15, 20 5. 33 6. 9 8. 5049
9. 1071
10. 70336 11. 12. 1/5 13. 27
14. 5 15. (8, –4, 2, 8) 17. (14n – 6)/(8n + 23)
1 1 1 545
18. .(a) a   , b   ; (b)  (c)
2 8 3 2
19. 3/16
20. 512 21. 2 ± 3 22. 6 24. 2184
2 10 n 
25.  (10  1)  n  28. 64 and 4
9 9 
30. a = 5,b = 8, c = 12
n(n  1)(n  2)
31. 40, 10 32. 2 33.
6
n3  n2
34. 35. 2n – 2n – 3 37. 2 38. 3
2
39. 1

41. 120, 30 43. 45. C = 9; (3,−3/2,−3/5)

54. n = 2k – 1 , where k is a natural number

55. 144 cm

56. (b)

Situation Set – 02
n(2n  1)(4n  1)
1. 1 2. n2
3
42
4. S  5. n = 2000
125
7. x = 1/5 8. 2n+1 – 3 ; 2n+2 – 4 – 3n

9. n2 + 4n + 1; (1/6)n(n + 1) (2n + 13) + n

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