Chapter 4: Kingdom Animalia
EXERCISE, EXERCISES [PAGES 42 - 43]
Exercise | Q 1. (A) | Page 42
Choose the correct option.
Which of the following belongs to a minor phylum?
1. Comb jelly
2. Jelly fish
3. Herdmania
4. Salpa
SOLUTION
Comb jelly
Exercise | Q 1. (B) | Page 42
Choose the correct option.
Select the animal having venous heart.
1. Crocodile
2. Salamander
3. Rohu
4. Toad
SOLUTION
Rohu
Exercise | Q 1. (C) | Page 42
Choose the correct option.
In Ascaris, ___________.
1. mesoglea is present
2. endoderm is a discontinuous layer
3. mesoderm is present in patches
4. body cavity is absent
SOLUTION
In Ascaris, mesoderm is present in patches.
Exercise | Q 1. (D) | Page 42
Choose the correct option.
Which of the following is incorrect in case of birds?
1. Presence of teeth
2. Presence of scales
3. Nucleated RBCs
4. Hollow bones
SOLUTION
Presence of teeth
Exercise | Q 1. (E) | Page 42
Choose the correct option.
Chitinous exoskeleton is a characteristic of ___________.
1. Dentalium
2. Antedon
3. Millipede
4. Sea urchin
SOLUTION
Chitinous exoskeleton is a characteristic of millipede.
Exercise | Q 2. (A) | Page 42
Answer the following question.
Reptiles are known for having three-chambered heart. Which animal shows a near four-
chambered condition in reptiles?
SOLUTION
Crocodiles have a four chambered heart.
Exercises | Q 2. (B) | Page 42
Answer the following question.
The circulatory system has evolved from open to closed type in Animal kingdom. Which
Phylum can be called first to represents closed circulation?
SOLUTION
Phylum Annelida is the first phylum to represent closed circulation.
Exercise | Q 2. (C) | Page 42
Answer the following question.
Pinna is part of the external ear and it is found in mammals. Do aves and reptiles show
external ear in any form?
SOLUTION
No, Aves and Reptiles do not show external ear in any form. They possess tympanum
which represents the ear.
Exercise | Q 2. (D) | Page 42
Answer the following question.
Fish and frog can respire in water. Can they respire through their skin? If yes, why do
they have gills?
SOLUTION
1. Yes, fishes and frogs can respire through their skin.
2. The larval stage of frog i. e. tadpole respires through gills. During
metamorphosis, tadpoles lose their gills and develop lungs.
3. Frogs do not have scales and breathe through their skin underwater.
4. Fishes respire primarily via gills. The body of fishes is covered with scales which
limits cutaneous respiration in them.
Exercise | Q 2. (E) | Page 42
Answer the following question.
Birds need to keep their body light to help in flying. Hence, they show presence of some
organs only on one side. How their skeleton helps in reducing their weight?
SOLUTION
1. In birds, the forelimbs are modified into wings for flying.
2. They possess a stream-lined body to reduce resistance during flight.
3. Bones are hollow or pneumatic to reduce body weight.
4. In order to reduce body weight, urinary bladder is absent. Also, females possess
only the left ovary and oviduct.
5. The body is covered by feathers to facilitate flying.
Exercise | Q 2. (F) | Page 42
Answer the following question.
Cnidarians and Ctenophorans are both diploblastic. Which other character do they have
in common, which is not found in other phyla?
SOLUTION
Cnidarians and ctenophorans show tissue level of body organization. They have blind
sac body plan and radially symmetrical body.
Exercise | Q 2. (G) | Page 42
Answer the following question.
Crab and Snail both have a protective covering. Is it made up of the same material?
SOLUTION
No, the protective covering is not made up of same material in crab and snail. The
protective covering of crabs is made up of chitin and that of snails is made up of calcium
carbonate.
Exercise | Q 2. (H) | Page 42
Answer the following question.
Sponge and sea star show calcareous protective material. Do they belong to the same
Phylum?
SOLUTION
No, they do not belong to same phylum. Sponges belong to phylum Porifera and sea
star belongs to phylum Echinodermata.
Exercise | Q 2. (I) | Page 42
Answer the following question.
Fish and snake both have scales. How do these scales differ from each other?
SOLUTION
Fishes have dermal scales covering the body surface whereas snakes have epidermal
scales or scutes.
Exercise | Q 2. (J) | Page 42
Answer the following question.
Lower Phyla like Arthropods and Cnidarians show metamorphosis. Is it also found in
any class of Phylum Chordata?
SOLUTION
Yes, it is also found in class Amphibia of phylum Chordata.
Exercise | Q 3. (A) | Page 42
Draw a neat labelled diagram.
Sycon
SOLUTION
Exercise | Q 3. (B) | Page 42
Draw a neat labelled diagram.
Aurelia
SOLUTION
Exercise | Q 3. (C) | Page 42
Draw a neat labelled diagram.
Amphioxus
SOLUTION
Exercise | Q 3. (D) | Page 42
Draw a neat labelled diagram.
Catla
SOLUTION
Exercise | Q 3. (E) | Page 42
Draw a neat labelled diagram.
Balanoglossus
SOLUTION
Exercise | Q 3. (F) | Page 42
Draw a neat labelled diagram.
Scolidon
SOLUTION
Exercise | Q 4 | Page 42
Match the following.
Phylum Characters
i. Annelida a. Tube feet
ii. Mollusca b. Ostia
iii. Ctenophora c. Radula
iv. Porifera d. Parapodia
v. Echinodermata e. Comb plates
SOLUTION
Phylum Characters
i. Annelida d. Parapodia
ii. Mollusca c. Radula
iii. Ctenophora e. Comb plates
iv. Porifera b. Ostia
v. Echinodermata a. Tube feet
Exercise | Q 5. (A) | Page 43
Identify the animal given in the picture and write features of its phylum/class.
SOLUTION
The organism in the given picture is Comb jelly (Red midwater Comb jelly) and it
belongs to phylum Ctenophora.
Features of phylum Ctenophora:
1. Habitat: They are exclusively marine.
2. Forms: They are free-swimming animals.
3. Germ layers: Members of this phylum are diploblastic.
4. Body Symmetry: They are radially symmetrical.
5. Body plan: The animals of this phylum show a blind-sac body plan.
6. Body organization: They show the tissue-level organization.
7. Locomotion: It is carried out by eight rows of ciliated comb plates.
8. Bioluminescence: It is the characteristic feature of the members of this phylum.
9. Digestion: It is extracellular and intracellular.
10. Reproduction: Reproduction is sexual with indirect development.
11. Colloblasts: These sticky cells are used to capture prey.
e.g. Pleurobrachia, Ctenoplana
Exercise | Q 5. (B) | Page 43
Identify the animal given in the picture and write features of its phylum/class.
SOLUTION
The organism in the given picture is Eel and it belongs to the phylum Chordata.
Features of phylum Chordata:
1. Notochord present at least in early embryonic life.
2. Nerve cord is single, dorsal and non -ganglionated.
3. The heart is ventral in position.
4. Pharyngeal gill slits are present at least in the embryonic stage.
5. Post-anal tail is present at least in the embryonic stage.
Exercise | Q 5. (C) | Page 43
Identify the animal given in the picture and write features of its phylum/class.
SOLUTION
The given organism in the given picture is Dolphin and it belongs to class Mammalia.
Features of class Mammalia:
1. Special feature: Presence of mammary glands (milk-producing glands) for the
nourishment of young ones. Mammary glands are modified sweat glands.
2. Habitat: Mammals are omnipresent (present everywhere). These are mostly
terrestrial, some are aquatic and a few are aerial and arboreal (living on trees).
3. Locomotion: Limbs are the organs of locomotion and are modified for walking,
climbing, burrowing, swimming, etc.
4. Body division: Body is differentiated into head, neck, trunk, and tail. They have
an external ear (pinna).
5. Body temperature: Mammals are homeotherms or warm-blooded animals.
6. Exoskeleton: It is in the form of hair, fur, nails, hooves, horns, etc.
7. Skin: Skin is glandular and has sweat glands and sebaceous (oil) glands.
8. Mouth cavity: Mammals show heterodont dentition (various types of teeth like
incisors, canines, premolars and molars).
9. Circulation: Heart is ventral in position, four chambered with two auricles and
two ventricles. RBCs are biconcave and enucleated (except camel). Blood is red
in colour.
10. Respiration: Respiration takes place by lungs.
11. Nervous system: Brain is highly developed. The cerebrum shows a transverse
band called the corpus callosum.
12. Reproduction and development: Only few mammals are oviparous. e.g. Duck-
billed platypus. Some have pouches for the development of immature young
ones. These are called marsupials. e.g. Kangaroo. Most of the mammals are
placental and viviparous.
Exercise | Q 5. (D) | Page 43
Identify the animal given in the picture and write features of its phylum/class.
SOLUTION
The given organism is Snake and it belongs to class Reptilia.
Features of class Reptilia:
1. Habitat: They are crawling animals. They are the first true terrestrial vertebrates.
Few may be aquatic or semi-aquatic and are also found in marshy areas.
2. Locomotion: Locomotion occurs by limbs in most animals. The limbs are
pentadactyl with clawed digits, which help the animal to walk, creep or crawl.
Snakes are limbless and crawl on their belly.
3. Body temperature: They are poikilotherms.
4. Exoskeleton: Skin is dry, non-glandular and covered by an exoskeleton of
epidermal scales or scutes, shields or plates. Lizards and snake shed their skin
periodically.
5. Ear: Tympanum is present
6. Circulatory system: It has two complete auricles but the ventricles are
incompletely partitioned. Therefore, the heart of reptiles is not perfectly four-
chambered (except in crocodile the heart is four-chambered).
7. Nervous system: The brain is well developed. The olfactory lobes and
cerebellum are better developed as compared to amphibians.
8. Reproduction: Sexes are separate and exhibit prominent sexual dimorphism.
Fertilization is internal and the animals are oviparous (exception - viper, it is
viviparous). They show little parental care. e.g. Naja naja (Cobra), Hemidactylus
(Wall lizard), Chelonia (Turtle), Crocodilus (Crocodile), Testudo (Tortoise),
Chameleon (Tree lizard), Bangarus (Krait), Vipera (Viper).
Exercise | Q 5. (E) | Page 43
Identify the animal given in the picture and write features of its phylum/class.
SOLUTION
The given organism is Sea urchin and belongs to the phylum Echinodermata.
Features of Phylum Echinodermata:
1. Habitat: These are exclusively marine.
2. Forms: Members of this phylum are solitary, sedentary or free-living and
gregarious, benthic.
3. Body symmetry: These animals are radially symmetrical with pentamerous
symmetry.
4. Shape: Members of Echinodermata are spherical, elongated or star-shaped.
5. Body: The endoskeleton is made up of calcareous ossicles. Spines are formed
on the body. Hence, they are known as echinoderms. The body has two sides
oral and aboral and lacks definite divisions. Mouth is ventrally present on oral
surface and anus on the aboral surface.
6. Water vascular system: The presence of a water vascular system is the
peculiar character of echinoderms. The madreporite is the opening of the water
vascular system through which water enters. The water vascular system is useful
in locomotion, food capturing, respiration.
7. Digestion: Digestive system is complete.
8. Respiration: Peristomial gills, papillae, respiratory tree, etc. are used for
respiration.
9. Circulatory and excretory systems: Absent in echinoderms.
10. Nervous system: Nervous system is simple with a n erve ring around the mouth
and radial nerves in the arms.
11. Reproduction and development: Sexes are separate (sometimes bisexual).
Fertilization is external. Development is indirect, i.e. through larval stages. They
show high power of regeneration .
e.g. Sea lily (Antedon), Sea star (Asterias), Sea cucumber (Cucumaria), Brittle
star (Ophiothrix), Sea urchin (Echinus).
Exercise | Q 5. (F) | Page 43
Identify the animal given in the picture and write features of its phylum/class.
SOLUTION
The given organism is a flying lizard and belongs to class Reptilia.
Features of class Reptilia:
1. Habitat: They are crawling animals. They are the first true terrestrial vertebrates.
Few may be aquatic or semi-aquatic and are also found in marshy areas.
2. Locomotion: Locomotion occurs by limbs in most animals. The limbs are
pentadactyl with clawed digits, which help the animal to walk, creep or crawl.
Snakes are limbless and crawl on their belly.
3. Body temperature: They are poikilotherms.
4. Exoskeleton: Skin is dry, non-glandular and covered by an exoskeleton of
epidermal scales or scutes, shields or plates. Lizards and snake shed their skin
periodically.
5. Ear: Tympanum is present
6. Circulatory system: It has two complete auricles but the ventricles are
incompletely partitioned. Therefore, the heart of reptiles is not perfectly four-
chambered (except in crocodile the heart is four-chambered).
7. Nervous system: The brain is well developed. The olfactory lobes and
cerebellum are better developed as compared to amphibians.
8. Reproduction: Sexes are separate and exhibit prominent sexual dimorphism.
Fertilization is internal and the animals are oviparous (exception - viper, it is
viviparous). They show little parental care.
e.g. Naja naja (Cobra), Hemidactylus (Wall lizard), Chelonia (Turtle), Crocodilus
(Crocodile), Testudo (Tortoise), Chameleon (Tree lizard), Bangarus (Krait),
Vipera (Viper).
Exercise | Q 5. (G) | Page 43
Identify the animal given in the picture and write features of its phylum/class.
SOLUTION
The organism is Herdmania and belongs to Phylum Chordata (Subphylum
Urochordata).
Features of Phylum Chordata (Subphylum Urochordata):
1. It is called a chordate as it shows the following features:
a. Presence of notochord at least in early embryonic life. (In Herdmania, the
notochord is present in the tail of the larval forms).
b. Presence of hollow, dorsal nerve chord, running throughout the length of the
body.
c. Presence of pharyngeal gill slits.
d. Presence of post-anal tail.
2. Habitat: They are exclusively marine.
3. Body covering: Soft body is covered by ‘test’ or ‘tunic’ which is made up of
tunicate.
4. Notochord: Notochord is present only in the tail of the larva and is lost during
metamorphosis. Hence, the name Urochordata.
5. Respiration: Pharynx with many gill slits for respiration.
6. Circulation: Closed circulatory system is present.
7. Reproduction: Development is indirect. e.g. Herdmania, Salpa, Doliolum,
Ascidia.
Exercise | Q 5. (H) | Page 43
Identify the animal given in the picture and write features of its phylum/class.
SOLUTION
The organism in the given picture is Nautilus and it belongs to phylum Mollusca.
Features of phylum Mollusca:
1. Habitat: They are aquatic or seen in marshy places. Few of them are terrestrial.
2. Forms: Molluscs are either free-living or sedentary.
3. Body plan: These are soft-bodied and show tube within a tube type of body
plan.
4. Body symmetry: Most of the Molluscs show bilateral symmetry but few are
asymmetrical due to torsion (twisting).
5. Body division: Body consists of head, foot and the visceral mass. Visceral mass
is enclosed in a thick, muscular fold of body wall called a mantle. Mantle secretes
a hard-calcareous shell, that may be external or internal or absent. Muscular foot
is present ventrally.
6. Digestive system: Digestive system is well-developed and complete with
anterior mouth and posterior anus. Buccal cavity has a rasping organ called
radula (helps in feeding), which is provided with tran sverse rows of teeth.
7. Respiration: In aquatic forms, numerous feather-like gills called ctenidia, help in
aquatic respiration. Terrestrial forms may show the presence of lungs.
8. Circulatory system: Circulatory system is of open type (except in Sepia, where
it is of the closed type). Blood contains a copper-containing blue coloured
respiratory pigment called haemocyanin.
9. Excretion: Excretion occurs by kidney like structures, also called ‘Organ of
Bojanus’.
10. Nervous system and sense organs: Nervous system has three pairs of
ganglia. All these ganglia are interconnected by commissures and connectives.
11. Sense organs: Sense organs such as eyes for vision, tentacles for tactile
sensation and osphradia for testing purity of water is present.
12. Sexual reproduction: Sexes are usually separate. Animals of this phylum are
mostly oviparous and the development is direct or indirect.
e.g. Pila, Spisula (Bivalve), Octopus (devilfish), Sepia (cuttle fish), Chaetopleura
(Chiton), Pinctada (Pearl oyster), Loligo (Squid), Aplysia (Sea hare), Dentalium
(Tusk shell).
Exercise | Q 5. (I) | Page 43
Identify the animal given in the picture and write features of its phylum/class.
SOLUTION
The organism in the given picture is Amphioxus and it belongs to Phylum Chordata
(Subphylum Cephalochordata).
Features of Phylum Chordata (Subphylum Cephalochordata):
1. Notochord present at least in early embryonic life.
2. Nerve cord is single, dorsal and non -ganglionated.
3. The heart is ventral in position.
4. Pharyngeal gill slits are present at least in the embryonic stage.
5. The post-anal tail is present at least in the embryonic stage.
Exercise | Q 6 | Page 43
Observe and identify the body symmetry of a given animal.
SOLUTION
represents asymmetry
Exercise | Q 6 | Page 43
Observe and identify the body symmetry of a given animal.
SOLUTION
represents radial symmetry.
Exercise | Q 6 | Page 43
Observe and identify the body symmetry of a given animal.
SOLUTION
represents bilateral symmetry.
