Direction Is the measurement of position of one object with respect to
another object and displacement Is the minimum distance between the
startrng point and final point of an object.
Main Directions
The four main directions are East, West, North and South.
North
West--- -- East
South
Sub-Direction
The directions that fall between the main or cardinal directions,
which are North-East (N-E), North-West (N-W), South-West (S-W) and
South-East (S-E).
N
N-W N-E
w--~- 4 E
S-W S-E
s
Concept of Degree
I. For right turn II. For left turn
360° 360°
or or
oo oo
270°1+---~ -~ 90° 90° ~-~-~ 270°
180° 180°
I CW= Clockwise I IACW= Anti-clockwise!
Concept of Shadow
Shadow at the Time of Sunrise
In the morning, when the sun rises In the East, the shadow of any person or
object falls In the West.
t
Person Sunrise
W+E
s
West
Shad~
0 East
Shadow at the Time of Sunset
In the evening, when the sunset In the West, the shadow of a person or an
object falls In the East.
Person N
Q i~East W+E
S
West Shadow
Use the following table to find the shadow formed by a person or object.
Dlredlon At Sunrise At Sunset
East Back Front
West Front Back
North Left Right
South Right Left
To Find Minimum Distance
Pythagoras theorem helps us to find out the minimum distance between
two points.
X
y z
Here, minimum distance, H2 =P 2 + e2
t'O",., . --·· - <J
eased on Finding Final 011·ection
In this type, candidate is required to find the final direction facing at the
end of the journey.
ex. 1. After walking 6 km, Rahul turned to the right and went 2 km.
After this, he turned to the left and went 12 km. Finally, Rahul was going
towards South. From which direction did Rahul start the journey?
(a) East (b) West (c) North (d) South
Sol. (c) According to the question,
Starting point
2km
12 km
Final point
Hence, Rahul has started his journey from North direction.
Ex. 2. One early morning, Mona and Shreya were talking while
facing each other. Mona's shadow was. directly falling on Shreya. In
which direction was Shreya facing towards?
(a) North (b) West (c) South (d) East
Sol. (d) According to the question,
Sherya _ _ Mona -0- N
- - Mona
Shadow
"Q W+ E
s
If Mona's shadow was directly falling on Shreya. It means Shreya is facing
towards East.
Based on Finding Displacement (Distance)
In this type, candidate is required to find out the total distance or shorte
st
distance between starting and ending points or any two given points.
Ex. 3. Birju starts from his home and walks 5 km towards North and
turns to his right and walks 2 km and then walks 5 km in the same
direction. Then, he walks 5 km in South direction and finally walks
3 km in West direction. What is the distance be-.ween his starting
and ending points?
(a) 10 km (b) 4 km (c) 5 km (d) 7 km
Sol. (b) According to the question,
B C 5km D N
2km
W+ E
5km 5km s
A
(Starting F 3km E
point) (End point)
AF ==(BC+ CD)-FE
Hence, required distance = (2 + 5) - 3 = 7 - 3 = 4 km.
Ex. 4. Namit starts from a Point 'Z' and travels 4 km towards West
to reach 'Y'. Then, he takes a left turn and covers 2.5 times the
distance covered between 'Y' and 'Z' and reaches at Point 'X'. From
there he takes a left turn and travels 4 km to reach destination '8'.
Then, he takes a left turn and covers some distance and walks 2 km
1 ahead of 'Z' to reach Point 'A'. What is the shortest distance
between 'A' and 'B'?
(a) 14 km (b) 12 km
(c) 8 km (d) 10 km
Sol. (b) According to the question,
A
2km
4km
v----- z
N
10 km
W+E
s
X B
4km
Distance between 'A' and 'B' = BZ + ZA = 10 + 2 [·: BZ = XV]
=12 km
Based on Finding Direction and Displacement
In this type, candidate needs to find both distance and direction in the
given questions.
Ex. 5. Ramdin started from his office and walked 15 km in the
South direction and reached the bus stop and then turned to his left
and walked 8 km straight on the road. From there, he turned to his
left, walked 15 km and reached the central library. After this, he
turned to his left again and walked 4 km to reach his hostel. How far
and in which direction is the hostel with respect to his office?
(a) 12 km towards North
(b) 7 km towards South
(c) 4 km towards East
(d) 4 km towards West
Sol. (c) According to the question,
Hostel Central
Office C 4 km library
15 km 15 km
Bus a m
stop
.;.
:. Distance between office'"to hostel =(8-4) =4 km
Hence, hostel is in 4 km, East direction from office.
