Wastewater Treatment Plant Design
Engineering Team
July 4, 2025
Main Components of Design
1. Inlet chamber
2. Screen chamber and screens, conveyor belt and waste disposal tank
3. Grit chamber and grit removal pump
4. Oil and grease tank
5. Equalisation tank
6. MBBR 1 and 2
7. Clarifier
8. Post sedimentation tank
9. Multigrade sand filter and activated carbon filter
10. Sludge recirculation pump and sludge tank and filter press arrangement
11. Blower pump capacity and calculation
12. Chlorination dosing calculation and storage
13. Lab
14. Office
15. Power station
16. Control panel
17. Road
18. Access Area
1
1 Design Basis
• Average Flow: 1000 m3 d−1 (1 MLD)
• Peak Flow Factor: 2.25 (As per DPR)
• Peak Flow: 2250 m3 d−1 = 93.75 m3 h−1 = 0.03 m3 s−1
• BOD Loading: 250 mg L−1 (typical for municipal sewage)
• Sludge Production: 0.5 kg dry solids/kg BOD removed
• Disinfection: Chlorination (contact time: 30 min)
• Blower Sizing: Oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) = 8%
2 Component Design & Calculations
2.1 Inlet Chamber
Function: Flow distribution and surge protection.
Design:
• Average Daily Flow = 1 MLD
• Peak Flow Constant = 2.25
• Peak Flow = 2.25 × 1 = 2.25 MLD = 2250 m3 d−1 = 2250
24×3600 m3 s−1 = 0.03 m3 s−1
• Detention time: 60 s at peak flow
• Volume = 1.8 m3
• Dimensions: 1 m × 1.5 m × 1.5 m (L × W × D) (including 0.3 m free board extra)
• Freeboard: 0.3 m
• Penstock gate provided at outlet to regulate flow
• Each wall size: 250 mm
• Elevation of base slab = −1 m (i.e. 1 m below ground level)
2.2 Screen Chamber (Inlet chamber to Coarse Screen)
Function: Remove large debris (manual)
Design:
• Manual Screen (coarse screen, 40 mm spacing)
• Assuming 2 numbers of coarse screen channels, and width of mid wall as 250 mm, net width
of each channel = (2000 − 250 − 250 − 250)/2 = 625 mm (Bgross)
2
• Minimum velocity as per CPHEEO 2013 manual = 0.6 m s−1
• Min. area required = Q/V = 0.03/0.6 = 0.05 m2 (Anet)
• Assuming inclination of 80◦
• Net inclined Area = 0.05/ sin 80◦ = 0.05 m2
• Assume water depth as 0.3 m
• Flow width = 0.05/0.3 = 0.166 66 m → Take (Bnet) as 0.2 m (total width of BAR)
• Assume spacing of 40 mm c/c of 10 mm dia bar, no. of bars = 14 in each channel
• Coarse chamber depth same as Inlet Chamber i.e. 1.5 m (including 0.3 m free board)
• Length of channel as 2 m for stable flow
• Dimension of Coarse screen chamber: 2 m × 1.5 m × 1.5 m (L × W × D) (plus 0.5 m free
board extra)
Head loss calculation:
Velocity through Channel V1 = Q/A = (0.03/0.3 × 1.250) = 0.08 m s−1
V2 = Q/a = (0.03/0.05) = 0.6 m s−1
Head loss = 0.0729(V22 − V12 )
= 0.0729(0.62 − 0.082 ) = 0.0258 m (OK)
2.3 Grit Chamber (2 Channels)
Function: Remove grit (0.2 mm particles)
Design:
• Design flow = 1 × 2.25 = 2250 m3 d−1
• Surface loading = 1100 m3 m−2 d−1
• Area required = 2250/1000 = 2.25 m2
• Provide 1 no. 2.0 m (Length) × 1.5 m (Width) Rectangular chamber
• Detention time = 60 s
• Volume = (2250 × 60)/(24 × 3600) = 1.56 m3
• Liquid depth = 1.56/3 = 0.52 m
• Size of Grit Chamber = 2.0 m × 1.5 m × 1.2 m (D) (1 number)
3
2.4 Equalization Tank
Function: Balance flow and load variations
Design:
• Detention time: 6 h (average flow)
• Volume = 1000 × (6/24) = 250 m3
• Dimensions: 5.5 m × 9.5 m × 4.8 m (L × W × D)
• Freeboard: 0.3 m
• Water depth: 4.8 m
2.5 MBBR Tanks (Tank 1 & Tank 2)
Function: Biological treatment (BOD removal)
Design Basis:
• Flow (Q): 1 MLD = 1000 m3 d−1
• Influent BOD (S): 250 mg L−1 = 0.250 kg m−3
• Target Effluent BOD: ≤10 mg L−1
• MBBR1 SALR: 15 g m−2 d−1 = 0.015 kg m−2 d−1
• MBBR2 SALR: 15 g m−2 d−1 = 0.010 kg m−2 d−1
Table 1: MBBR Design Summary
Parameter MBBR1 MBBR2
Surface Area Required 16 667 m2 3750 m2
Media Volume 33.33 m3 7.5 m3
Tank Volume 100 m3 30 m3
Dimensions 5 m × 4.5 m × 4.5 m 5 m × 4 m × 4.5 m
HRT 2.4 h 2.16 h
OLR 2.5 kg m−3 d−1 1.5 kg m−3 d−1
2.6 Clarifier with Tube Settlers
Design Parameters:
• Average Flow: 1000 m3 d−1 = 41.67 m3 h−1
• Peak Flow Factor: 2.25 → Peak Flow = 2250 m3 d−1
• Surface Loading Rate (SLR): 50 m3 m−2 d−1
4
Design Calculations:
Average Flow 1000
Required Area = = = 20 m2
SLR 50
Dimensions = 2.5 m(W ) × 8.0 m(L)
Total Depth = 2.5 m(including all zones)
2.7 Sludge Recirculation Arrangement
Design:
• RAS flow: 50% of average flow = 500 m3 d−1
• Pump capacity = 500
24 = 20.83 m3 h−1
• Pump: 25 m3 h−1 @ 5 m head (2 nos.; 1 duty + 1 standby)
2.8 Multigrade Sand Filter and Activated Carbon Filter
Table 2: Filter Design Comparison
Parameter Multigrade Sand Filter Activated Carbon Filter
Diameter 2.0 m 2.0 m
Vessel Height 3.3 m 2.9 m
Bed Depth 2.0 m 2.0 m
Loading Rate 13.27 m3 m−2 h−1 13.27 m3 m−2 h−1
Backwash Rate 35 m3 m−2 h−1 15 m3 m−2 h−1
2.9 Power Station & Electrical Panel
• Power Station Size: 5.0 m × 4.0 m
• DG capacity: 50 kV A (25% redundancy)
• Electrical Panel Size: 3.0 m × 2.0 m
2.10 Blower & Pump Calculations
• Oxygen demand = 250 × 1.2 = 300 kg d−1
• Air required = 300
0.23×1.2×0.08×24 = 564.4 m3 h−1
• Blower: 600 m3 h−1 @ 0.5 bar (2 nos.; 1 duty + 1 standby)
